Ytterbium (II) chloride

Crystal structure
__ Yb 2+      __ Cl -
General
Surname	Ytterbium (II) chloride
other names	Ytterbium dichloride
Ratio formula	YbCl 2
Brief description	colorless or green solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 13874-77-6 EC number 237-632-3 ECHA InfoCard 100.034.197 PubChem 83785 Wikidata Q4498217
properties
Molar mass	243.95 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	5.27 g cm −3
Melting point	720 ° C
boiling point	1300 ° C
solubility	reacts with water soluble in tetrahydrofuran
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ytterbium (II) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound of ytterbium from the group of chlorides .

Extraction and presentation

Ytterbium (II) chloride can be obtained by reducing ytterbium (III) chloride with hydrogen at 500 ° C to 600 ° C or with zinc in zinc chloride at 500 ° C, the former reaction first reported in 1929 by Wilhelm Klemm and Wilhelm Schüth has been.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ YbCl_{3}+H_{2}\longrightarrow 2\ YbCl_{2}+2\ HCl} }$

The link can also by reduction with lithium - naphthalene win.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {YbCl_{3}+Li\longrightarrow YbCl_{2}+LiCl} }$

properties

Ytterbium (II) chloride is a colorless or green solid. The connection is extremely hygroscopic and can only be stored and handled under carefully dried protective gas or in a high vacuum. In air or on contact with water, it changes into hydrates while absorbing moisture , but these are unstable and more or less quickly turn into oxide chlorides with evolution of hydrogen . The compound has a crystal structure of the strontium iodide type and crystallizes rhombically with the lattice constants a = 13.18 Å, b = 6.96 Å, c = 6.70 Å with the space group Pbca (space group no. 61) . Klemm and Schüth described the compound as an almost colorless, diamagnetic solid that dissolves in water with a yellow color, is much more stable than samarium (II) chloride and europium (II) chloride . The compound reacts with liquid ammonia and turns red in the process. By degradation, ammoniacates with eight (red-yellow), two and one mole (yellow) ammonia were detected. The connection between calcium chloride and strontium chloride is based on the number and persistence of ammonia . With isothermal degradation of ammonia, less ammonolysis occurs than with samarium (II) chloride.

use

Ytterbium (II) chloride can be used in organic chemistry for the reductive dimerization of unsaturated ketones .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 1081.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} William M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition . CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 1-4398-8049-2 , pp. 4–99 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} David Crich: Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Reagents for Radical and Radical ... John Wiley & Sons, 2013, ISBN 978-1-118-63487-5 , pp. 651 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
4. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
5. ^ HJ Emeléus, AG Sharpe: ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND RADIOCHEMISTRY . Academic Press, 1977, ISBN 0-08-057869-1 , pp. 17 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
6. ^ Wilhelm Klemm, Wilhelm Schüth: Measurements on two and four-valued compounds of the rare earths. III. Ytterbium dichloride. In: Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. 184, 1929, pp. 352-358, doi : 10.1002 / zaac.19291840128 .
7. ↑ Kurt Rossmanith: Production of the classic rare earth (II) chlorides in solution. In: Monthly magazine for chemistry. 110, 1979, pp. 109-114, doi : 10.1007 / BF00903752 .
8. ↑ H. Bärnighausen, H. Pätow, HP Beck: Kristallchemische Studien an Seltenerd-Dihalogeniden. The crystal structure of ytterbium (II) chloride, YbCl ₂ . In: Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. 403, 1974, pp. 45-55, doi : 10.1002 / zaac.19744030106 .
9. ↑ Horst. P. Beck, H. Bärnighausen: On the crystal chemistry of the ytterbium (II) halides YbCl ₂ and YbBr ₂ . In: Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. 386, 1971, p. 221, doi : 10.1002 / zaac.19713860214 .
10. ↑ Wilhelm Klemm and Wilhelm Schüth, measurements on two and more valued compounds of rare earths: III. Ytterbium dichloride, from Chemisches Zentralblatt. April 30, 1930 Volume I. No. 18 .