Counters
| Counters | ||||||||||||
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Lentinellus cochleatus the type species of the genus |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lentinellus | ||||||||||||
| P. Karst. 1879 |
The counting ( Lentinellus ) are a genus of mushrooms within the family of the ear spoonful relatives (Auriscalpiaceae). The agarics have navel-lobed, tough to leathery and long-lived fruiting bodies that grow individually or in tufts. The cream-white to flesh-colored lamellae have serrated to notched edges. The handle is central, eccentric or to the side. The fungi have amyloid, rough or finely ornamented spores and gleocystids . The saprobiotic fungi grow on wood or dead roots. Lentinellus cochleatus (Pers .: Fr.) P.Karst., The anise-counting , is the type of the genus.
features
Macroscopic features
The fruit bodies, which grow individually or in clusters, are usually divided into a hat and a stem . The 1–7 cm wide hat is arched to flat or deepened in a funnel shape. It can be smooth and bare to velvety or felty and sticky to dry. It is whitish, ocher-colored or lively to dull brown in color. The lamellas that have grown up or down are whitish, cream or flesh-colored and have serrated to notched edges. They are quite distant. The ringless stem is 3–10 cm long and up to 1 cm thick. It is central, eccentric or to the side and can sometimes be completely absent. The meat is tough to leathery and tastes almost mild to burning hot. The mushrooms can smell indistinctly or very strongly of aniseed. The spore powder is white to cream in color.
Microscopic features
The hyphae structure of the counters is dimitic. In addition to septate, generative hyphae, one can find unseptate, thick-walled skeletal hyphae . The strongly amyloid , but not cyanophilic spores are 3–7.5 µm long and 2–5 µm wide. They are ellipsoidal or almost spherical and ornamented in a rough to fine-black manner . The 4-spore basidia are club-shaped. In addition to basidia, thin-walled gloeocystids occur, which are usually more or less spindle-shaped or bulbous and pointed towards the top. But they can also be club-shaped or bottle-shaped (sheet-like). These thin-walled cystids are also called leptocystids by some authors . In addition, there are pseudocystids in all parts of the fruiting body , which appear in the form of swollen and often thick-walled ends of an oleiferous hyphae system ( gloeoplere hyphae ). The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a cutis of parallel, interwoven, narrow, weakly colored hyphae, from which hair-like hyphae can grow, which can then form a tomentum .
Ecology and diffusion
The fungi live as saprobionts on hard and soft wood and on dead roots and cause white rot . The genus is widespread worldwide, the main area of distribution is in the temperate climate zone.
Systematics
The genus Lentinellus was defined in 1879 by the Finnish mycologist P. Kasten with the type species Lentinellus cochleatus . In 1825 this was placed together with other types of frieze in the genus Lentinus ( saw blades ). Described by P. Karsten in the same year genus Hemicybe and by the Czech mycologist Pilát species described in 1941 Lentinaria be regarded as synonymous.
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Since Fries, fruit body features such as tubes or lamellas have been among the most important criteria for the systematic classification of mushrooms. Since the fruiting bodies of the counting are usually divided into hat and stem and they also have lamellae, the genus was placed in the family of Tricholomataceae (order Agaricales ) for a long time . Only more recent molecular biological investigations have been able to prove that lamellae formed several times independently of one another in the course of the mushroom evolution and that fruiting body features hardly reflect the natural relationship of mushroom species.
Nevertheless, the Dutch mycologist Maas Geesteranus pointed to the close relationship of Lentinellus and Auriscalpium as early as 1963 on the basis of morphological investigations and consequently proposed that the two genera be combined in the new family Auriscalpiaceae. Common features of the genera are a dimitic hyphae system, amyloid, ornamented spores, gleoplere hyphae and gloeocystidia .
In 1972, Kotlaba and Pouzar considered it necessary to separate the two genera again, as they did not consider it advisable to combine genera with a lamelloid ( Lentinellus ) and a hydnoid hymenophore (Auriscalpium and Gloiodon) in one family. They therefore placed Lentinellus in the monotypic family Lentinellaceae. Jülich placed this family in 1981 in his newly created order Hericiales , in which he summarized fungi that have smooth or warty and amyloid basidospores, a mono- or dimitic hyphae system and gloeoplere hyphae. Molecular biological studies show that Lentinellus together with the sister taxon Artomyces form one lineage and the representatives with a hydnoid hymenophore form a second branch within the Auriscalpiaceae family. The representatives of the genus Artomyces are mushrooms with coralloid fruiting bodies and a smooth hymenophore.
The genus name Lentinellus is the diminutive of the genus name Lentinus ( saw blades ), because Fries originally put the type species L. cochleatus and other species in this genus. Both names are derived from the Latin adjective "lentus" (tough, flexible). The species of the two genera are superficially similar, but are not related to each other. The representatives of the genus Lentinus belong to the order Polyporales .
species
Over 30 species are known worldwide, 10 of which are found in Europe.
| German name | Scientific name | author | photo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Felt counting | Lentinellus castoreus | (Fr.) Konrad & Maubl. | |
| Anise counting | Lentinellus cochleatus | (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst. |
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| Fan-shaped counting | Lentinellus flabelliformis | (Bolton: Fr.) S. Ito |
_S._Ito_315973.jpg)
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| Odorless counting | Lentinellus inolens | (Konrad & Maubl.) Konrad & Maubl. |
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| Almond counting | Lentinellus laurocerasi | (Berk. & Broome) PD Orton | |
| Lentinellus marcelianus | Moreau & Roux | ||
| Labeled count | Lentinellus micheneri | (Berk. & MA Curtis) Pegler |
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| Tridentine counting | Lentinellus tridentinus | (Sacc. & Syd.) Singer | |
| Stratified counting | Lentinellus ursinus | (Fr.: Fr.) Bold |
_K%C3%BChner_196905.jpg)
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| Wrinkled counting |
Lentinellus vulpinus |
(Sowerby: Fr.) Kühner & Maire |
_K%C3%BChner_%26_Maire_253259.jpg)
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| Lentinellus herbarum | (Fries 1828: Fries 1828) P.-A. Moreau et al. |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , pp. 6-7.
- ↑ a b c Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: MycoKey taxonomical search. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
- ^ OK Miller & L. Stewart: The genus Lentinellus . In: Mycologia . tape 63 , no. 2 . The Mycological Society of America, 1971, pp. 333-369 ( cyberliber ).
- ↑ a b Barbara P. Segedin: A new species of Lentinellus (Hericiales, Lentinellaceae) and a revision of taxa attributed to Lentinellus in New Zealand . In: The Royal Society of New Zealand 1996 (Ed.): New Zealand Journal of Botany . tape 34 , 1996, pp. 249-261 , doi : 10.1080 / 0028825X.1996.10410689 .
- ↑ a b Lentinellus. P. Karst., Bidr. Can. Finl. Nat. Folk 32: xviii, 246 (1879). In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
- ↑ Lentinellus. P. Karst., Bidr. Can. Finl. Nat. Folk 32: xviii, 246 (1879). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
- ↑ Steven L. Miller, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Annemieke Verbeken, Jorinde Nuytinck: Perspectives in the new Russulales . In: Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 . The Mycological Society of America, 2006, pp. 960-970 ( [1] [PDF]).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: lentus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 615 ( zeno.org ).
