Zdeněk Fibich

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Zdeněk Fibich

Zdeněk Fibich (born December 21, 1850 in Všebořice (Scheborschitz), Bohemia , † October 15, 1900 in Prague ) was a Bohemian composer .

Life

Grave in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague

Zdeněk Fibich was born to a head forester and grew up in Libáň . His mother first taught him music, who soon discovered his musical talent and encouraged him to study. At the age of fourteen he was already conducting his own symphony and a year later he began to compose his first opera .

Fibich studied in Vienna , in Prague with Bedřich Smetana , at the "Conservatorium Leipzig" , in Paris and at the Mannheim Conservatory . He taught in Poland and Vilnius (Lithuania) and returned to Prague in 1874 to devote himself to his compositions. Between 1875 and 1878 he worked as the second conductor at the Prozatímní divadlo (Temporary Theater) and from 1878 to 1880 he was the director of the choir in the Russian church there. In 1899 Fibich was appointed opera dramaturge at the Prague National Theater in Prague.

His first wife died after two and a half years of marriage. He married her sister, an alto at the Prozatímní divadlo and the National Theater (Prague) . For her he wrote three of his opera characters; the best known is the Isabell in Nevěsta mesinská . The marriage did not last long. Anežka Schulzová , his third wife, had the greatest influence on Fibich's music. She wrote the libretto for his opera Šárka and inspired many of his pieces.

He died at the age of 50 and was buried in the Vyšehrad cemetery .

Works

Along with Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana, Fibich is one of the most important Czech composers . He is known as the creator of seven (partly influenced by Richard Wagner ) operas, symphonies, piano pieces and scenic and concert melodramas .

Operas

Orchestral works (selection)

  • 1st Symphony in F major op.17 (1883)
  • 2nd Symphony in E flat major op.38
  • Im Zwielicht - Idylle for orchestra op.39
  • Sturm op.46
  • Toman and the forest fairy op.49
  • 3rd Symphony in E minor, Op. 53

Chamber music (selection)

  • Instruktivní sonatina for violin and piano in D minor op.27 (1869)
  • Piano Trio in F minor (1872)
  • Jasná noc for violin and piano (1873)
  • Piano quartet in E minor op.11 (1874)
  • String Quartet in A major (1874)
  • Sonata for violin and piano in C major (1874)
  • Sonata for violin and piano in D major (1875)
  • Koncertní polonesa for violin and piano (1878)
  • String Quartet in G major op.8 (1878)
  • Romance for violin and piano in B flat major op. 10 (1879), Dalibor
  • Selanka for clarinet or violin and piano op.16 (1879)
  • Tema con variazioni for string quartet in B flat major (1883)
  • Quintet for piano, clarinet, horn, violin and violoncello in D major op.42 (1893)

Other works

He wrote over 600 works: around ten operas and other musical stage works , three symphonies , overtures , symphonic poems (Othello, Toman a lesní panna), chamber music, piano works (350 pieces), songs and vocal duets . Also melodramas among Fibich work, such as the trilogy Hippodamia , with texts by Jaroslav Vrchlický or Štědrý to , inspired by Kytice by Karel Jaromír Erben .

His best-known work is known as Poème . Fibich composed it in 1893 as Lento for piano. It was included in the collection Moods, Impressions and Memories under number op. 41, booklet 4, no. 14 (= no. 139 of the entire collection) . In the same year Fibich worked the composition into his symphonic poem Im Zwielicht op. 39. The name Poème goes back to an arrangement for violin by the violinist Jan Kubelík in 1908. Today the work is distributed in variously orchestrated arrangements, which can differ greatly depending on whether they are based on the original piano composition or on the symphonic poem.

Pupil of Fibich

literature

  • Fibich Zdeněk. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1957, p. 308.
  • Jaroslav Jiránek: Zdeněk Fibich . Státní Hudební Vydavatelství, Prague 1963, ( Hudební profily 10).
  • Zdeněk Nejedlý : Zdenko Fibich . Self-published, Prague 1901.
  • Artuš Rectories: Sborník dokumentů a studií o jeho životě a díle . 2 volumes. Orbis, Prague 1951–1952.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Zdenek Fibich: Poem, Op.41.4 at classicalarchives.com
  2. ↑ Information from the music publisher Schott

Web links

Commons : Zdeněk Fibich  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Fibich, Zdeněk
BRIEF DESCRIPTION bohemian composer
DATE OF BIRTH December 21, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Všebořice
DATE OF DEATH October 15, 1900
Place of death Prague