Zeeland (ship, 1901)
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The Zeeland was an ocean liner of the Red Star Line that was put into service in 1901 and was used in transatlantic passenger traffic from Antwerp to New York . During the First World War, the ship was used as a troop transport under the name Northland . In 1930 it was scrapped.
The ship
In July 1899, the International Navigation Company announced that it was planning four new steamers . Two of them, the 11,905 GRT Zeeland and her identical sister ship Vaderland , were built by the John Brown & Company shipyard in Clydebank near Glasgow , the other two, the Kroonland and the Finland two years later by William Cramp and Sons in Philadelphia . The 171.17 meters long and 18.34 meters wide ship was equipped with two funnels, four masts and two propellers and was three decks high. The two eight-cylinder quadruple expansion steam engines could produce 1627 nominal horsepower (nhp) and accelerate the ship to up to 15 knots (27.8 km / h). The eight single-end boilers had a total of 28 firing systems. The passenger accommodations were designed for 342 passengers in the first, 194 in the second and 626 in the third class.
The Zeeland was launched a few months after her sister ship on November 24, 1900, was completed on April 5, 1901 and set sail on April 13, 1901 under the British flag on her maiden voyage . Until March 5, 1910, she regularly traveled the Antwerp - Dover - New York route . On June 20, 1909, with 1525 passengers on board, she collided with the Ropner Shipping Company's Hartlepool steamer (built in 1904) in thick fog at night in the Strait of Dover . Her bow was badly dented. On April 19, 1910, the ship was chartered to the White Star Line , which needed a replacement for the RMS Republic , which had sunk at Nantucket the previous year . Until September 1911, the Zeeland drove from Liverpool to Boston during this time . From October 21, 1911, the Zeeland was again in the Antwerp – Dover – New York service of the Red Star Line. From July 13, 1912, the Zeeland sailed under the Belgian flag, but stayed on the same route and with the same shipping company .
Another collision occurred on July 27, 1914, when the Zeeland (Captain Möller) with 693 passengers on board on a trip to New York in the middle of the North Atlantic collided with the cargo steamer Missouri (Captain Pollard) of the Atlantic Transport Line . The guilt was the broken rudder of Missouri given. The Zeeland was hit amidships and badly damaged.
War effort and late years
After the outbreak of World War I , the Zeeland was put on the Liverpool – New York route and again sailed under the British flag. From November 1914 she steamed for White Star Dominion from Liverpool to Québec and Montreal and in December 1914 / January 1915 to Halifax (Canada) and Portland (US state Maine ). In early 1915, the name of the ship, which was Dutch but now sounded German, was changed to Northland (the sister ship Vaderland was named Southland on the same train ). For the International Navigation Company , to which the Red Star Line belonged, the Northland served the route Liverpool – Halifax – Portland and then Liverpool – Québec – Montreal until June 1915.
In 1916 the ship was temporarily used as a troop carrier by the British government under the name HMT Northland . In August 1916 it was returned to White Star Dominion, for which it was in service until February 1917. In April 1917, the Northland began to sail again from Liverpool to Halifax. From then on, she completed seven Atlantic crossings on this route.
From February to June 1919, the Northland steamed four times for the American Line ( American Steamship Company , Philadelphia ) from Liverpool to Philadelphia. After a general overhaul in Liverpool and Belfast in early 1920, the ship returned to the Red Star Line under its original name of Zeeland and from August 1920 returned to the Antwerp – Southampton – New York route. In April 1923, the passenger accommodation was redesigned so that from then on only passengers in cabin class and third class could be transported. On October 8, 1926, the Zeeland cast off for her last voyage for the Red Star Line. In 1927 the ship was put into service with the Atlantic Transport Line and renamed Minnesota (III). From April 30, 1927 to September 21, 1929, the ship operated between Liverpool and New York under the command of Captain Edward Finch, RNR. In 1930 the steamer was scrapped at the Thomas Ward & Sons demolition yard in Inverkeithing (Scotland).