Two-leaf

Two-leaf
	Illustration: Left: Large two-leaf ( Listera ovata ) ; Right: Small two-leaf ( Listera cordata )
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Neottieae
Genre :	Two-leaf
Scientific name
	Listera
	R.Br.

Two sheet ( Listera ) the name is a plant genus in the family of orchids (Orchidaceae).

The genus was established in 1813 by the British botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) and named after the English doctor and naturalist Dr. Martin Lister (1638-1712) named. According to more recent findings, all species are now in the genus Neottia Guett. posed.

description

The inconspicuous species of the genus Zwelatt ( Listera ) differ mainly in the size and proportions of their flowers and leaves. The plants are perennial growing rhizome - geophytes with straight, thin, horizontal creeping rhizomes. The stems usually have two opposite leaves .

The spurless flowers are bell-shaped and form a tongue-shaped, two-part lip (labellum) that is twice as long as the tepals .

The flowering time of the two European species extends from the beginning of May to the beginning of August, depending on the altitude.

Types (selection)

The more than 30 species of this genus are distributed over the temperate zones of the entire northern hemisphere . The occurrence extends from northern Alaska up to 4000 m altitude in the Central Asian mountains.

In Europe, two species are native:
- Small two-leaf or heart two-leaf ( Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. , Syn .: Neottia cordata (L.) Rich. )
- Large two-leaf ( Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. , Syn .: Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. )

Other types are (selection):

North America:
- Listera auriculata Wiegand (Syn .: Neottia auriculata (Wiegand) Szlach. ): Canada and northeastern USA.
- Listera australis Lindl. (Syn .: Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach ): Southeastern Canada to eastern Texas.
- Listera borealis Morong (Syn .: Neottia borealis (Morong) Szlach. ): Alaska to Canada and New Mexico.
- Listera caurina Piper (Syn .: Neottia banksiana (Lindl.) Rchb.f. ): Southern Alaska to western United States.
- Listera convallarioides (Sw.) Torr. (Syn .: Neottia convallarioides (Sw.) Rich. ): Commander Islands to Canada and the western and northeastern United States.
- Listera smallii Wiegand (Syn .: Neottia smallii (Wiegand) Szlach. ): It occurs only in the Appalachian Mountains in the USA.

Asia:
- Listera fangii Tang & FT Wang ex SC Chen & GH Zhu (Syn .: Neottia fangii (Tang & FTWang ex SCChen & GHZhu) SCChen, SWGale & PJCribb ): Sichuan.
- Listera megalochila (SC Chen) SC Chen & GH Zhu (Syn .: Neottia chenii S.W. Gale & PJCribb ): western Sichuan, southern Gansu.
- Listera microphylla S.C. Chen & YB Luo (Syn .: Neottia microphylla (SCChen & YBLuo) SCChen, SWGale & PJCribb ): Yunnan.
- Listera nepalensis N.P. Balakr. (Syn .: Neottia nepalensis (NPBalakr.) Szlach. ): Nepal.
- Listera pinetorum Lindl. (Syn .: Neottia pinetorum (Lindl.) Szlach. ): Bhutan, India, Nepal, China.
- Listera tenuis Lindl. (Syn .: Neottia tenuis (Lindl.) Szlach. ): Himalayas to Tibet.

Taxonomy

According to more recent taxonomic knowledge, the genus Listera is assigned to the genus of the nest root ( Neottia ). One of the results of these investigations was the fact that Listera cordata is to be regarded as a sister to a branch with Listera ovata and Neottia nidus-avis . As a result, the genus Listera has not proven to be monophyletic and may no longer exist. Since Neottia is the older generic name, it is already listed in current literature for two-leaves. However, this change has not yet become widely accepted.

Picture gallery

Large two-leaf
( Listera ovata )
Large two-leaf
( Listera ovata ),
flower
Small two-leaf
( Listera cordata ), inflorescence
Small two-leaf between lingonberry bushes in the Alps
Alpine biotope of the Kleiner Zweiblatt below mountain pines

Sources and further information

literature

Standard literature on orchids:

Working groups local orchids (ed.): The orchids of Germany. Working groups of domestic orchids, Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1 .
Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : The wild growing orchids of Europe. Franckh, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-440-05068-8 .
Hans Sundermann : European and Mediterranean orchids. 2nd Edition. Brücke, Hildesheim 1975, ISBN 3-87105-010-5 .
FG Brieger u. a. (Ed.): The orchids. Your description, culture and breeding. Founded by Rudolf Schlechter. 4 volumes and registers. 3rd, completely revised edition. Parey and Blackwell, Berlin 1985-2003.

Web links

Commons : Zwelatt ( Listera ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Listera - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on July 13, 2018.

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Listera - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on July 13, 2018.