Geophagini
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Brazilian mother-of-pearl cichlid ("Geophagus" brasiliensis ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Geophagini | ||||||||||||
Haseman , 1911 |
The Geophagini (German Geophaginen ) are a tribe of the American cichlid subfamily Cichlinae . The distribution area of the taxon extends from the south of Panama to the north of Argentina . The geophagini have a wide range of behaviors. They include species that feed exclusively on benthic invertebrates , but also pure fish-eaters. Their reproductive strategies range from substrate spawning to mouth brooding .
They include the genera Apistogramma , Apistogrammoides , Mikrogeophagus , Taeniacara and Dicrossus , which are known in German as dwarf cichlids and are popular aquarium fish, as well as the "earth eaters" from the genus Geophagus and their relatives.
Genera
The Geophagini can be divided into two main clades, six sub-tribes, 16 genera, 180 described and a few more undescribed species. The internal system is shown in the following cladogram :
Geophagini |
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- GGD = Geophagus Gymnogeophagus Dicrossus clade
- CAS = Crenicichla-Apistogramma-Satanoperca clade
swell
- IP Farias, G. Orti, A. Meyer: Total Evidence: Molecules, Morphology, and the Phylogenetics of Cichlid Fishes , Journal of Experimental Zoology (Mol Dev Evol) 288: 76-92 (2000) doi : 10.1002 / (SICI) 1097 -010X (20000415) 288: 1 <76 :: AID-JEZ8> 3.0.CO; 2-P
- Smith, WL, Chakrabarty, P, & Sparks, JS 2008. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Cladistics 24: 1-17.
- John S. Sparks & Wm. Leo Smith: Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae). Cladistics (2004), Volume: 20, Issue: 6, Publisher: Wiley Online Library, Pages: 501-517 doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x
- SE Steele, H. López-Fernández (2014): Body Size Diversity and Frequency Distributions of Neotropical Cichlid Fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). PLoS ONE , 9 (9): e106336. DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106336
supporting documents
- ↑ Hernán López-Fernández, Kirk O. Winemiller, Rodney L. Honeycutt: Multilocus phylogeny and rapid radiations in Neotropical cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 55, Issue 3, (June) 2010, pp. 1070-1086 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.02.020