Alexander O. Smith: Difference between revisions

Alexander O. Smith
Alexander O. Smith
Education	Bachelor of Arts, Dartmouth College/Keio University, 1995; Master of Arts, Harvard University, 1998;
Occupation(s)	Translator, author
Years active	1997–present
Notable work	Vagrant Story, Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney, Final Fantasy XII

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Alexander O. Smith is a professional Japanese to English translator and author. While his output covers many areas such as adaptation of Japanese novels, manga, song lyrics, anime scripts, and various academic works, he is best known for his software localizations of Japanese video games including Vagrant Story, Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney, and Final Fantasy XII. He currently resides in Kamakura, Japan, where he operates his own contract localization business, Kajiya Productions, and is co-founder of a translation and publishing company, Bento Books.

Biography[edit]

Smith first gained an interest in Japanese after attending an exchange program in northern China.^[1] He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Japanese from Dartmouth College/Keio University in 1995, and a Master of Arts degree in Classical Japanese Literature from Harvard University in 1998.^[2] Just before graduation, he interned at Sega, during which he was asked to perform voice-over for Winter Heat.^[3] His first work in translation was as a subtitler for Japanese television dramas.^[4] Smith joined Square after earning his master's degree, working as part of Richard Honeywood's nascent localization team. On his first project, Final Fantasy VIII, he and the other translators were not given access to the game files; they were instead forced to hack in their new dialogue using GameSharks during testing.^[5] In 1999, he worked as the main English translator for Yasumi Matsuno's Vagrant Story. Reviewers noted the high quality of the English script, in which Smith utilized various archaic English idioms and slang that distinguished the game from its straightforward Japanese counterpart.^[6]^[7] His last major work as a Square employee was on Final Fantasy X, for which he was awarded "Best Localization" of 2001 by RPGamer.^[8]

Smith left Square in 2002 to found Kajiya Productions—a freelance translation and localization company—with Joseph Reeder, his co-translator on Final Fantasy XII, though he would continue to collaborate on Square and Square Enix titles.^[1]^[9] By working as a contractor, he found that he had better access to the development team to aid in his translation process, free from the fetters of corporate communication protocols.^[1] In 2005, during the protracted development of Final Fantasy XII, Capcom hired Smith to work on the localization of Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney. He found director Shu Takumi's writing to be very funny and clever, which drew him to the challenge of translating Takumi's jokes and wordplay.^[10] Smith joined the Final Fantasy XII project after Yasumi Matsuno, the original director, had left and was not able to collaborate on the script with him directly, unlike with Vagrant Story. Principal voice recording took place over eight weeks, with months of translation work both before and after that.^[11] Smith worked with Matsuno again on the 2011 PlayStation Portable remake of Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together (titled Wheel of Fortune), which received a brand new translation.^[12] In 2011, Smith co-founded a book translation and publishing company called Bento Books with his friend Tony Gonzalez and his Kajiya Productions partner Joseph Reeder. The company's first major work was Math Girls, a mathematics-themed young adult novel by Hiroshi Yuki.^[12]

In addition to translation, Smith has composed English lyrics for a number of Nobuo Uematsu's vocal tracks, including "Melodies of Life" from Final Fantasy IX, "Otherworld" from Final Fantasy X, and "Eternity" from Blue Dragon. He also arranged lyrics for "The Skies Above" and "Otherworld" on The Skies Above, the second album from Uematsu's band, The Black Mages, and performed the spoken word intro to "Maybe I'm a Lion" as well.^[5]

Process[edit]

With his translations, Smith goes to great lengths to preserve the experience of the original text as much as possible, especially if it has a distinct feel. For The Devotion of Suspect X, he mirrored Higashino's "sparse, methodical tone of Japanese" by using more elevated and formal language.^[9] He draws on his academic background in classical Japanese literature to inform some of these translations.^[1] When it comes to the question of leaving Japan-specific terms untranslated, Smith is careful to either translate around it or provide a concise description of the term. He only resorts to leaving a word in Japanese in rare, plot-critical cases, such as with a kotatsu used as a murder weapon in The Devotion of Suspect X, stating "Nothing kills the flow of a text more than a long-winded explanation of something which would have come second nature to a reader of the original [Japanese]".^[9] For less "literary" mediums like manga and games, Smith feels more free to maximize the audience's enjoyment if a strict literal translation that adheres to the original sentence structure would impede that enjoyment.^[9]

Smith considers his treatment of Vagrant Story and Final Fantasy XII among his best translations.^[9] He looks to Vagrant Story as a title that demands to be in English and thought of his work as revealing the inner English game that always existed underneath. Smith was able to speak directly with Matsuno to improve the script translation, marking the first of their many collaborations.^[1] For Final Fantasy XII, his role entailed rebuilding the world to make sense for an English-speaking audience. He chose to portray the Archadian Imperials with a British accent to distinguish them from the American-accented Resistance members.^[13] For both of these titles, Smith relied on Matsuno's dense notes on the world's backstory to capture subtle and implied connections and preserve the rich texture of the game.^[1]

Smith compares translating lip synced dialogue to writing entirely in haiku.^[1] The 7% of Final Fantasy XII's script that was voiced took more time to translate than the remaining 93%.^[13] In his role as voice producer, Smith searched for character actors like John DiMaggio and British stage actors for the judges.^[11] He was pleased by the performance of Johnny McKeown, the child actor who portrayed Larsa, a precocious prince.^[5] Smith was able to rewrite the script based on the actors he had cast for each character.^[1] He also made a key change to one of the final lines of Final Fantasy X with scenario writer Kazushige Nojima's approval. In the original Japanese, the main character's love interest, Yuna, tells the main character "arigatō" just before he fades away. Although the word literally means "thank you", Smith chose to elaborate on the connotations of the word and the tone of the scene, settling on "I love you"—the first time the phrase has appeared in a Final Fantasy game.^[14]^[15]

Works[edit]

Video games[edit]

Title	Year^[a]	Platform(s)	Notes^[b]	Ref.
Winter Heat	1997	Sega Saturn	Cast & narration	^[3]
Final Fantasy VIII	1999	PlayStation		^[5]
Final Fantasy Anthology	1999	PlayStation	Translation support
Chocobo's Dungeon 2	1999	PlayStation
Koudelka	1999	PlayStation	Editor
Front Mission 3	2000	PlayStation
The Misadventures of Tron Bonne	2000	PlayStation	Editor	^[5]
Vagrant Story	2000	PlayStation		^[9]
Legend of Mana	2000	PlayStation	Special thanks
Parasite Eve II	2000	PlayStation
Final Fantasy IX	2000	PlayStation	Lyricist, "Melodies of Life"
Bloody Roar 3	2001	GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox
Mega Man Battle Network	2001	Game Boy Advance
Final Fantasy X	2001	PlayStation 2	Also lyricist, "Otherworld"	^[8]
Mega Man Battle Network 2	2002	Game Boy Advance
Breath of Fire: Dragon Quarter	2003	PlayStation 2
Everblue 2	2003	PlayStation 2	Editor
Final Fantasy Tactics Advance	2003	Game Boy Advance		^[1]
Final Fantasy XI	2003	Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360
Fire Emblem	2003	Game Boy Advance
Final Fantasy X-2	2003	PlayStation 2	Editor, US recording producer	^[12]
Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles	2004	GameCube	Special thanks
Star Ocean: Till the End of Time	2004	PlayStation 2
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney	2005	Nintendo DS
Final Fantasy XII	2006	PlayStation 2	Also US recording producer	^[13]
Blue Dragon	2007	Xbox 360	Lyricist, "Eternity"
Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney	2008	Nintendo DS
Final Fantasy Tactics A2: Grimoire of the Rift	2008	Nintendo DS
Valkyria Chronicles	2008	PlayStation 3	English ADR writer
MadWorld	2009	Wii	Scenario translator
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games	2009	Wii, Nintendo DS
Gyromancer	2009	Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360	Also editor
Vanquish	2010	PlayStation 3, Xbox 360	Editor
Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together	2011	PlayStation Portable		^[12]
Final Fantasy V	2011	PlayStation Network	Translation support
Rhythm Thief & the Emperor's Treasure	2012	Nintendo 3DS
Crimson Shroud	2012	Nintendo 3DS
Anarchy Reigns	2013	PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
The Wonderful 101	2013	Wii U
Final Fantasy XII The Zodiac Age	2017	PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows		^[16]
428: Shibuya Scramble	2018	Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4	Editor
Ori and the Will of the Wisps	2020	Microsoft Windows, Xbox One	Writer
Humanity	2023	Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5	Writer

Other works[edit]

Title	Year^[a]	Medium	Original author	Notes	Ref.
Guin Saga	2003–2008	Novel	Kaoru Kurimoto	Novel series; translated with Elye Alexander	^[1]
Samurai Deeper Kyo	2004–2007	Manga	Akimine Kamijyo	Volumes 6–21; translated with Rich Amtower
Shaolin Sisters	2005	Manga	Narumi Kakinouchi	Volumes 1–5; translated with Rich Amtower
Dr. Slump	2005–2009	Manga	Akira Toriyama	Translated with Rich Amtower	^[1]
Fullmetal Alchemist	2005–2007	Novel	Makoto Inoue	Light novel series; translated with Rich Amtower
The Twelve Kingdoms	2007–2010	Novel	Fuyumi Ono	Light novel series; translated with Elye Alexander	^[1]
Brave Story	2007	Novel	Miyuki Miyabe
Muhyo & Roji's Bureau of Supernatural Investigation	2007–2010	Manga	Yoshiyuki Nishi
Cowa!	2008	Manga	Akira Toriyama
All You Need Is Kill	2009	Novel	Hiroshi Sakurazaka
The Summer of the Ubume	2009	Novel	Natsuhiko Kyogoku	Translated with Elye Alexander and Amanda Jun Katsurada
The Book of Heroes	2010	Novel	Miyuki Miyabe
Harmony	2010	Novel	Project Itoh
The Devotion of Suspect X	2011	Novel	Keigo Higashino	Translated with Elye Alexander	^[9]
Rocket Girls 2: The Last Planet	2011	Novel	Hōsuke Nojiri
ICO: Castle in the Mist	2011	Novel	Miyuki Miyabe
10 Billion Days & 100 Billion Nights	2011	Novel	Ryu Mitsuse	Translated with Elye Alexander
Salvation of a Saint	2012	Novel	Keigo Higashino	Translated with Elye Alexander
Malice	2014	Novel	Keigo Higashino
Journey Under the Midnight Sun	2015	Novel	Keigo Higashino
A Midsummer's Equation: a Detective Galileo novel	2016	Novel	Keigo Higashino

^ ^a ^b Sorted by year of English language release
^ Credited as translator or localization specialist unless noted

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Jeriaska (April 27, 2007). "Localization Tactics: A Conversation with Alexander O. Smith". Square Haven. Archived from the original on March 7, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ Smith, Alexander O. (2016). "Alexander O. Smith LinkedIn profile". LinkedIn. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ ^a ^b MacDonald, Mark (January 24, 2014). "8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt" (Podcast). 8-4 Play. Event occurs at 8:15–10:55. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ MacDonald, Mark (January 24, 2014). "8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt" (Podcast). 8-4 Play. Event occurs at 47:15–48:15. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Jeriaska (November 16, 2011). "Interview: Kajiya Productions on Translating Final Fantasy". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ Zdyrko, David (May 22, 2000). "Vagrant Story". IGN. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2007.
^ Vestahl, Andrew (2000). "Vagrant Story Game Review". GIA.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2007.
^ ^a ^b RPGamer staff (2011). "RPGamer Awards 2001: Best Localization". RPGamer. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dibbell, Jeremy (2011). "Alexander O. Smith: LibraryThing Author Interview". LibraryThing. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ Mackey, Bob (June 23, 2015). "Expert Witness: An Interview with Alex Smith, the Writer Behind Ace Attorney's English Debut". USgamer. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Learned, John (October 12, 2015). "A Voice for Ivalice: The Localization and Voice Acting of Final Fantasy XII". USgamer. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ward, Dave (November 8, 2011). "Alexander O. Smith Interview". RPG Site. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tong, Sophia (September 7, 2009). "Final Fantasy XII vets talk game localization". GameSpot. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ Klepek, Patrick (December 14, 2015). "From Japan, With Changes: The Endless Debate Over Video Game 'Censorship'". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ Smith, Alexander O. (2001). "The Last Word". すばる [Subaru] (12): 36–37.
^ Kajiya Productions [@kajipro] (June 8, 2016). "We're happy to announce that @aokajiya and @josephreeder are working on Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age! #ff12 #FINALFANTASY" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

External links[edit]

Alexander O. Smith on X
Alexander O. Smith at MobyGames

[fn1-16] Sorted by year of English language release

[fn2-17] Credited as translator or localization specialist unless noted

[LOCT-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Jeriaska (April 27, 2007). "Localization Tactics: A Conversation with Alexander O. Smith". Square Haven. Archived from the original on March 7, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[2] Smith, Alexander O. (2016). "Alexander O. Smith LinkedIn profile". LinkedIn. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[heat-3] MacDonald, Mark (January 24, 2014). "8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt" (Podcast). 8-4 Play. Event occurs at 8:15–10:55. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[4] MacDonald, Mark (January 24, 2014). "8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt" (Podcast). 8-4 Play. Event occurs at 47:15–48:15. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[gama-5] Jeriaska (November 16, 2011). "Interview: Kajiya Productions on Translating Final Fantasy". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[IGN-6] Zdyrko, David (May 22, 2000). "Vagrant Story". IGN. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2007.

[7] Vestahl, Andrew (2000). "Vagrant Story Game Review". GIA.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2007.

[award-8] RPGamer staff (2011). "RPGamer Awards 2001: Best Localization". RPGamer. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[library-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dibbell, Jeremy (2011). "Alexander O. Smith: LibraryThing Author Interview". LibraryThing. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[10] Mackey, Bob (June 23, 2015). "Expert Witness: An Interview with Alex Smith, the Writer Behind Ace Attorney's English Debut". USgamer. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[USG-11] Learned, John (October 12, 2015). "A Voice for Ivalice: The Localization and Voice Acting of Final Fantasy XII". USgamer. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[RPGsite-12] Ward, Dave (November 8, 2011). "Alexander O. Smith Interview". RPG Site. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[PAX-13] Tong, Sophia (September 7, 2009). "Final Fantasy XII vets talk game localization". GameSpot. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[14] Klepek, Patrick (December 14, 2015). "From Japan, With Changes: The Endless Debate Over Video Game 'Censorship'". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[15] Smith, Alexander O. (2001). "The Last Word". すばる [Subaru] (12): 36–37.

[18] Kajiya Productions [@kajipro] (June 8, 2016). "We're happy to announce that @aokajiya and @josephreeder are working on Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age! #ff12 #FINALFANTASY" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|American translator and author}}
+{{Use American English|date=December 2023}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
 {{Infobox person
-| name             = Alexander O. Smith
+| image              = Alexander O. Smith.jpg
+| alt                =
-| image            = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
-| alt              =
+| caption            =
-| caption          =
+| birth_name         = <!-- only use if different from name -->
+| birth_date         =
-| birth_name       = <!-- only use if different from name -->
+| birth_place        =
-| birth_date       = {{Birth date and age|1973|02|08}}
+| death_date         = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} Death date then birth -->
-| birth_place      = [[Vermont]], United States
+| death_place        =
-| death_date       = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} Death date then birth -->
-| death_place      =
+| nationality        =
+| education          = {{ubl|[[Bachelor of Arts]], [[Dartmouth College]]/[[Keio University]], 1995|[[Master of Arts]], [[Harvard University]], 1998}}
-| nationality      =
+| other_names        =
-| education        = [[Bachelor of Arts]], [[Dartmouth College]]/[[Keio University]], 1995<br/>[[Master of Arts]], [[Harvard University]], 1998
-| other_names      =
+| occupation         = Translator, author
-| occupation       = Translator, author
+| years_active       = 1997–present
+| notable_works      = ''[[Vagrant Story]]'', ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]'', ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]''
-| years_active     = 1997–present
+| website            = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
-| notable_works    = ''[[Vagrant Story]]'', ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]'', ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]''
-| website          = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
 }}
-'''Alexander O. Smith''' (born February 8, 1973) is a professional English–Japanese translator and author. While his output covers many areas such as adaptation of Japanese novels, [[manga]], song [[lyrics]], [[anime]] scripts, and various academic works, he is best known for his [[video game localization|software localizations]] of Japanese [[video game]]s including ''[[Vagrant Story]]'', ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]'', and ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]''. He currently resides in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]], Japan, where he operates his own contract localization business, Kajiya Productions, and is co-founder of a translation and publishing company, [[Bento Books]].
+'''Alexander O. Smith''' is a professional Japanese to English translator and author. While his output covers many areas such as adaptation of Japanese novels, [[manga]], song [[lyrics]], [[anime]] scripts, and various academic works, he is best known for his [[video game localization|software localizations]] of Japanese [[video game]]s including ''[[Vagrant Story]]'', ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]'', and ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]''. He currently resides in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]], Japan, where he operates his own contract localization business, Kajiya Productions, and is co-founder of a translation and publishing company, [[Bento Books]].
 ==Biography==
-Born in [[Vermont]], Smith first gained an interest in Japanese after attending an [[exchange program]] in northern [[China]].<ref name="LOCT">{{cite web |url=http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/04/27/Localization-Tactics-A-Conversation-with-Alexander-O-Smith/ |title=Localization Tactics: A Conversation with Alexander O. Smith |author=Jeriaska |publisher=Square Haven |date=2007-04-27 |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6EMcQFm8G?url=http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/04/27/Localization-Tactics-A-Conversation-with-Alexander-O-Smith/ |archivedate=2013-02-12 }}</ref> He obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in Japanese from [[Dartmouth College]]/[[Keio University]] in 1995, and a [[Master of Arts]] degree in Classical Japanese Literature from [[Harvard University]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |author=Smith, Alexander O. |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexander-o-smith-81376b12 |title=Alexander O. Smith LinkedIn profile |date=2016 |work=LinkedIn |accessdate=2016-02-13}}</ref> Just before graduation, he interned at [[Sega]], during which he was asked to perform voice-over for ''Winter Heat''.<ref name=heat>{{Cite podcast | url = http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | title = 8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt | publisher = 8-4 Play | host = MacDonald, Mark | date = 2014-01-24 | time = 8:15–10:55 | accessdate = 2016-02-13 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402235320/http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | archivedate = 2016-04-02 }}</ref> His first work in translation was as a subtitler for [[Japanese television drama]]s.<ref>{{Cite podcast | url = http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | title = 8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt | publisher = 8-4 Play | host = MacDonald, Mark | date = 2014-01-24 | time = 47:15–48:15 | accessdate = 2016-02-13 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402235320/http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | archivedate = 2016-04-02 }}</ref> Smith joined [[Square (video game company)|Square]] after earning his master's degree, working as part of [[Richard Honeywood]]'s nascent [[Localization of Square Enix video games|localization team]]. On his first project, ''[[Final Fantasy VIII]]'', he and the other translators were not given access to the game files; they were instead forced to hack in their new dialogue using [[GameShark]]s during testing.<ref name="gama">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25985 |title=Interview: Kajiya Productions on Translating Final Fantasy |author=Jeriaska |publisher=Gamasutra |date=2011-11-16 |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6EMcRZIny?url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25985 |archivedate=2013-02-12 }}</ref> In 1999, he worked as the main English translator for [[Yasumi Matsuno]]'s ''[[Vagrant Story]]''. Reviewers noted the high quality of the English script, in which Smith utilized various [[archaism|archaic]] English [[idioms]] and [[slang]] that distinguished the game from its straightforward Japanese counterpart.<ref name="IGN">{{cite web|author=Zdyrko, David|date=2000-05-22|title=Vagrant Story|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/05/23/vagrant-story|work=IGN|accessdate=2007-05-08|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528184750/http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/05/23/vagrant-story|archivedate=2016-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Vestahl, Andrew |title=Vagrant Story Game Review |year=2000 |url=http://terror.snm-hgkz.ch/mirrors/thegia/sites/www.thegia.com/psx/vgst/vgst.html |work=GIA.com |accessdate=2007-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627060506/http://terror.snm-hgkz.ch/mirrors/thegia/sites/www.thegia.com/psx/vgst/vgst.html |archivedate=2007-06-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His last major work as a Square employee was on ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'', for which he was awarded "Best Localization" of 2001 by RPGamer.<ref name=award>{{cite web |url=http://www.rpgamer.com/awards/2001/results/local.html |author=RPGamer staff |title=RPGamer Awards 2001: Best Localization |publisher=RPGamer |date=2011 |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222071309/http://www.rpgamer.com/awards/2001/results/local.html |archivedate=2016-02-22 }}</ref>
+Smith first gained an interest in Japanese after attending an [[exchange program]] in northern [[China]].<ref name="LOCT">{{cite web |url=http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/04/27/Localization-Tactics-A-Conversation-with-Alexander-O-Smith/ |title=Localization Tactics: A Conversation with Alexander O. Smith |author=Jeriaska |publisher=Square Haven |date=April 27, 2007 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307094206/http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/04/27/Localization-Tactics-A-Conversation-with-Alexander-O-Smith |archive-date=March 7, 2013 }}</ref> He obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in Japanese from [[Dartmouth College]]/[[Keio University]] in 1995, and a [[Master of Arts]] degree in Classical Japanese Literature from [[Harvard University]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |author=Smith, Alexander O. |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexander-o-smith-81376b12 |title=Alexander O. Smith LinkedIn profile |date=2016 |work=LinkedIn |access-date=February 13, 2016}}</ref> Just before graduation, he interned at [[Sega]], during which he was asked to perform voice-over for ''Winter Heat''.<ref name=heat>{{Cite podcast | url = http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | title = 8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt | publisher = 8-4 Play | host = MacDonald, Mark | date = January 24, 2014 | time = 8:15–10:55 | access-date = February 13, 2016 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402235320/http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | archive-date = April 2, 2016 }}</ref> His first work in translation was as a subtitler for [[Japanese television drama]]s.<ref>{{Cite podcast | url = http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | title = 8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt | publisher = 8-4 Play | host = MacDonald, Mark | date = January 24, 2014 | time = 47:15–48:15 | access-date = February 13, 2016 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402235320/http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | archive-date = April 2, 2016 }}</ref> Smith joined [[Square (video game company)|Square]] after earning his master's degree, working as part of [[Richard Honeywood]]'s nascent [[Localization of Square Enix video games|localization team]]. On his first project, ''[[Final Fantasy VIII]]'', he and the other translators were not given access to the game files; they were instead forced to hack in their new dialogue using [[GameShark]]s during testing.<ref name="gama">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25985 |title=Interview: Kajiya Productions on Translating Final Fantasy |author=Jeriaska |publisher=Gamasutra |date=November 16, 2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513123741/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25985 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 }}</ref> In 1999, he worked as the main English translator for [[Yasumi Matsuno]]'s ''[[Vagrant Story]]''. Reviewers noted the high quality of the English script, in which Smith utilized various [[archaism|archaic]] English [[idioms]] and [[slang]] that distinguished the game from its straightforward Japanese counterpart.<ref name="IGN">{{cite web|author=Zdyrko, David|date=May 22, 2000|title=Vagrant Story|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/05/23/vagrant-story|work=IGN|access-date=May 8, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528184750/http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/05/23/vagrant-story|archive-date=May 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Vestahl, Andrew |title=Vagrant Story Game Review |year=2000 |url=http://terror.snm-hgkz.ch/mirrors/thegia/sites/www.thegia.com/psx/vgst/vgst.html |work=GIA.com |access-date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627060506/http://terror.snm-hgkz.ch/mirrors/thegia/sites/www.thegia.com/psx/vgst/vgst.html |archive-date=June 27, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His last major work as a Square employee was on ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'', for which he was awarded "Best Localization" of 2001 by RPGamer.<ref name=award>{{cite web |url=http://www.rpgamer.com/awards/2001/results/local.html |author=RPGamer staff |title=RPGamer Awards 2001: Best Localization |publisher=RPGamer |date=2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222071309/http://www.rpgamer.com/awards/2001/results/local.html |archive-date=February 22, 2016 }}</ref>
-Smith left Square in 2002 to found Kajiya Productions—a freelance translation and localization company—with Joseph Reeder, his co-translator on ''Final Fantasy XII'', though he would continue to collaborate on Square and [[Square Enix]] titles.<ref name="LOCT"/><ref name="library">{{cite web |url=https://www.librarything.com/author/smithalexandero/interview |title=Alexander O. Smith: LibraryThing Author Interview |author=Dibbell, Jeremy |publisher=LibraryThing |date=2011 |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216161555/https://www.librarything.com/author/smithalexandero/interview |archivedate=2016-02-16 }}</ref> By working as a contractor, he found that he had better access to the development team to aid in his translation process, free from the fetters of corporate communication protocols.<ref name="LOCT"/> In 2005, during the protracted development of ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]'', [[Capcom]] hired Smith to work on the localization of ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]''. He found director [[Shu Takumi]]'s writing to be very funny and clever, which drew him to the challenge of translating Takumi's jokes and wordplay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/expert-witness-an-interview-with-alex-smith-the-writer-behind-ace-attorneys-english-debut |title=Expert Witness: An Interview with Alex Smith, the Writer Behind Ace Attorney's English Debut |author=Mackey, Bob |publisher=USgamer |date=2015-06-23 |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905110414/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/expert-witness-an-interview-with-alex-smith-the-writer-behind-ace-attorneys-english-debut |archivedate=2015-09-05 }}</ref> Smith joined the ''Final Fantasy XII'' project after Yasumi Matsuno, the original director, had left and was not able to collaborate on the script with him directly, unlike with ''Vagrant Story''. Principal voice recording took place over eight weeks, with months of translation work both before and after that.<ref name="USG">{{cite web |url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/a-voice-for-ivalice-the-localization-and-voice-acting-of-final-fantasy-xii |title=A Voice for Ivalice: The Localization and Voice Acting of Final Fantasy XII |author=Learned, John |date=2015-10-12 |publisher=USgamer |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408045309/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/a-voice-for-ivalice-the-localization-and-voice-acting-of-final-fantasy-xii |archivedate=2016-04-08 }}</ref> Smith worked with Matsuno again on the 2011 [[PlayStation Portable]] remake of ''[[Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together]]'', which received a brand new translation.<ref name="RPGsite">{{cite web |url=http://www.rpgsite.net/interview/3030-alexander-o-smith-interview |title=Alexander O. Smith Interview |author=Ward, Dave |publisher=RPG Site |date=2011-11-08 |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032815/http://www.rpgsite.net/interview/3030-alexander-o-smith-interview |archivedate=2016-03-04 }}</ref> In 2011, Smith co-founded a book translation and publishing company called [[Bento Books]] with his friend Tony Gonzalez and his Kajiya Productions partner Joseph Reeder. The company's first major work was ''[[Math Girls]]'', a mathematics-themed [[young adult fiction|young adult]] novel by [[Hiroshi Yuki]].<ref name="RPGsite"/>
+Smith left Square in 2002 to found Kajiya Productions—a freelance translation and localization company—with Joseph Reeder, his co-translator on ''Final Fantasy XII'', though he would continue to collaborate on Square and [[Square Enix]] titles.<ref name="LOCT"/><ref name="library">{{cite web |url=https://www.librarything.com/author/smithalexandero/interview |title=Alexander O. Smith: LibraryThing Author Interview |author=Dibbell, Jeremy |publisher=LibraryThing |date=2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216161555/https://www.librarything.com/author/smithalexandero/interview |archive-date=February 16, 2016 }}</ref> By working as a contractor, he found that he had better access to the development team to aid in his translation process, free from the fetters of corporate communication protocols.<ref name="LOCT"/> In 2005, during the protracted development of ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]'', [[Capcom]] hired Smith to work on the localization of ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]''. He found director [[Shu Takumi]]'s writing to be very funny and clever, which drew him to the challenge of translating Takumi's jokes and wordplay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/expert-witness-an-interview-with-alex-smith-the-writer-behind-ace-attorneys-english-debut |title=Expert Witness: An Interview with Alex Smith, the Writer Behind Ace Attorney's English Debut |author=Mackey, Bob |publisher=USgamer |date=June 23, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905110414/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/expert-witness-an-interview-with-alex-smith-the-writer-behind-ace-attorneys-english-debut |archive-date=September 5, 2015 }}</ref> Smith joined the ''Final Fantasy XII'' project after Yasumi Matsuno, the original director, had left and was not able to collaborate on the script with him directly, unlike with ''Vagrant Story''. Principal voice recording took place over eight weeks, with months of translation work both before and after that.<ref name="USG">{{cite web |url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/a-voice-for-ivalice-the-localization-and-voice-acting-of-final-fantasy-xii |title=A Voice for Ivalice: The Localization and Voice Acting of Final Fantasy XII |author=Learned, John |date=October 12, 2015 |publisher=USgamer |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408045309/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/a-voice-for-ivalice-the-localization-and-voice-acting-of-final-fantasy-xii |archive-date=April 8, 2016 }}</ref> Smith worked with Matsuno again on the 2011 [[PlayStation Portable]] remake of ''[[Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together]]'' (titled ''[[Tactics Ogre: Wheel of Fortune|Wheel of Fortune]]''), which received a brand new translation.<ref name="RPGsite">{{cite web |url=http://www.rpgsite.net/interview/3030-alexander-o-smith-interview |title=Alexander O. Smith Interview |author=Ward, Dave |publisher=RPG Site |date=November 8, 2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032815/http://www.rpgsite.net/interview/3030-alexander-o-smith-interview |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> In 2011, Smith co-founded a book translation and publishing company called [[Bento Books]] with his friend Tony Gonzalez and his Kajiya Productions partner Joseph Reeder. The company's first major work was ''[[Math Girls]]'', a mathematics-themed [[young adult fiction|young adult]] novel by [[Hiroshi Yuki]].<ref name="RPGsite"/>
 In addition to translation, Smith has composed English lyrics for a number of [[Nobuo Uematsu]]'s vocal tracks, including "Melodies of Life" from ''[[Final Fantasy IX]]'', "Otherworld" from ''Final Fantasy X'', and "Eternity" from ''[[Blue Dragon (video game)|Blue Dragon]]''. He also arranged lyrics for "The Skies Above" and "Otherworld" on ''[[The Black Mages II: The Skies Above|The Skies Above]]'', the second album from Uematsu's band, [[The Black Mages]], and performed the spoken word intro to "Maybe I'm a Lion" as well.<ref name="gama"/>
 ==Process==
-With his translations, Smith goes to great lengths to preserve the experience of the original text as much as possible, especially if it has a distinct feel. For ''[[The Devotion of Suspect X]]'', he mirrored [[Keigo Higashino|Higashino's]] "sparse, methodical tone of Japanese" by using more elevated and formal language.<ref name="library"/> He draws on his academic background in classical Japanese literature to inform some of these translations.<ref name="LOCT"/> When it comes to the question of leaving Japan-specific terms untranslated, Smith is careful to either translate around it or provide a concise description of the term. He only resorts to leaving a word in Japanese in rare, plot-critical cases, such as with a [[kotatsu]] used as a murder weapon in ''The Devotion of Suspect X'', stating "Nothing kills the flow of a text more than a long-winded explanation of something which would have come second nature to a reader of the original [Japanese]".<ref name="library"/> For less "literary" mediums like manga and games, Smith feels more free to maximize the audience's enjoyment if a strict literal translation that adheres to the original sentence structure would impede that enjoyment.<ref name="library"/>
+With his translations, Smith goes to great lengths to preserve the experience of the original text as much as possible, especially if it has a distinct feel. For ''[[The Devotion of Suspect X]]'', he mirrored [[Keigo Higashino|Higashino's]] "sparse, methodical tone of Japanese" by using more elevated and formal language.<ref name="library"/> He draws on his academic background in classical Japanese literature to inform some of these translations.<ref name="LOCT"/> When it comes to the question of leaving Japan-specific terms untranslated, Smith is careful to either translate around it or provide a concise description of the term. He only resorts to leaving a word in Japanese in rare, plot-critical cases, such as with a {{transl|ja|[[kotatsu]]}} used as a murder weapon in ''The Devotion of Suspect X'', stating "Nothing kills the flow of a text more than a long-winded explanation of something which would have come second nature to a reader of the original [Japanese]".<ref name="library"/> For less "literary" mediums like manga and games, Smith feels more free to maximize the audience's enjoyment if a strict literal translation that adheres to the original sentence structure would impede that enjoyment.<ref name="library"/>
-Smith considers his treatment of ''Vagrant Story'' and ''Final Fantasy XII'' among his best translations.<ref name="library"/> He looks to ''Vagrant Story'' as a title that demands to be in English and thought of his work as revealing the inner English game that always existed underneath. Smith was able to speak directly with Matsuno to improve the script translation, marking the first of their many collaborations.<ref name="LOCT"/> For ''Final Fantasy XII'', his role entailed rebuilding the world to make sense for an English-speaking audience. He chose to portray the Archadian Imperials with a [[British English|British]] accent to distinguish them from the [[American English|American]]-accented Resistance members.<ref name="PAX">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/final-fantasy-xii-vets-talk-game-localization/1100-6216923/ |title=Final Fantasy XII vets talk game localization |author=Tong, Sophia |publisher=GameSpot |date=2009-09-07 |accessdate=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611165828/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/final-fantasy-xii-vets-talk-game-localization/1100-6216923/ |archivedate=2014-06-11 }}</ref> For both of these titles, Smith relied on Matsuno's dense notes on the world's backstory to capture subtle and implied connections and preserve the rich texture of the game.<ref name="LOCT"/>
+Smith considers his treatment of ''Vagrant Story'' and ''Final Fantasy XII'' among his best translations.<ref name="library"/> He looks to ''Vagrant Story'' as a title that demands to be in English and thought of his work as revealing the inner English game that always existed underneath. Smith was able to speak directly with Matsuno to improve the script translation, marking the first of their many collaborations.<ref name="LOCT"/> For ''Final Fantasy XII'', his role entailed rebuilding the world to make sense for an English-speaking audience. He chose to portray the Archadian Imperials with a [[British English|British]] accent to distinguish them from the [[American English|American]]-accented Resistance members.<ref name="PAX">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/final-fantasy-xii-vets-talk-game-localization/1100-6216923/ |title=Final Fantasy XII vets talk game localization |author=Tong, Sophia |publisher=GameSpot |date=September 7, 2009 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611165828/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/final-fantasy-xii-vets-talk-game-localization/1100-6216923/ |archive-date=June 11, 2014 }}</ref> For both of these titles, Smith relied on Matsuno's dense notes on the world's backstory to capture subtle and implied connections and preserve the rich texture of the game.<ref name="LOCT"/>
-Smith compares translating [[lip sync]]ed dialogue to writing entirely in [[haiku]].<ref name="LOCT"/> The 7% of ''Final Fantasy XII''{{'}}s script that was voiced took more time to translate than the remaining 93%.<ref name="PAX"/> In his role as voice producer, Smith searched for character actors like [[John DiMaggio]] and British stage actors for the judges.<ref name="USG"/> He was pleased by the performance of Johnny McKeown, the [[child actor]] who portrayed Larsa, a precocious prince.<ref name="gama"/> Smith was able to rewrite the script based on the actors he had cast for each character.<ref name="LOCT"/> He also made a key change to one of the final lines of ''Final Fantasy X'' with scenario writer [[Kazushige Nojima]]'s approval. In the original Japanese, the main character's love interest, Yuna, tells the main character "[[wikt:ありがとう|arigatō]]" just before he fades away. Although the word literally means "thank you", Smith chose to elaborate on the connotations of the word and the tone of the scene, settling on "I love you"—the first time the phrase has appeared in a ''[[Final Fantasy]]'' game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/from-japan-with-changes-the-endless-debate-over-video-1747960323|title=From Japan, With Changes: The Endless Debate Over Video Game 'Censorship'|author=Klepek, Patrick|publisher=Gawker Media|work=Kotaku|date=2015-12-14|accessdate=2016-02-13|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216074334/http://kotaku.com/from-japan-with-changes-the-endless-debate-over-video-1747960323|archivedate=2016-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last = Smith|first = Alexander O.|date = 2001|title = The Last Word|url =|journal = すばる [Subaru]|issue = 12|pages = 36–37|doi =|pmid =|access-date =}}</ref>
+Smith compares translating [[lip sync]]ed dialogue to writing entirely in [[haiku]].<ref name="LOCT"/> The 7% of ''Final Fantasy XII''{{'}}s script that was voiced took more time to translate than the remaining 93%.<ref name="PAX"/> In his role as voice producer, Smith searched for character actors like [[John DiMaggio]] and British stage actors for the judges.<ref name="USG"/> He was pleased by the performance of Johnny McKeown, the [[child actor]] who portrayed Larsa, a precocious prince.<ref name="gama"/> Smith was able to rewrite the script based on the actors he had cast for each character.<ref name="LOCT"/> He also made a key change to one of the final lines of ''Final Fantasy X'' with scenario writer [[Kazushige Nojima]]'s approval. In the original Japanese, the main character's love interest, Yuna, tells the main character "{{transl|ja|[[wikt:ありがとう|arigatō]]}}" just before he fades away. Although the word literally means "thank you", Smith chose to elaborate on the connotations of the word and the tone of the scene, settling on "I love you"—the first time the phrase has appeared in a ''[[Final Fantasy]]'' game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/from-japan-with-changes-the-endless-debate-over-video-1747960323|title=From Japan, With Changes: The Endless Debate Over Video Game 'Censorship'|author=Klepek, Patrick|publisher=Gawker Media|work=Kotaku|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=February 13, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216074334/http://kotaku.com/from-japan-with-changes-the-endless-debate-over-video-1747960323|archive-date=February 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last = Smith|first = Alexander O.|date = 2001|title = The Last Word|journal = すばる [Subaru]|issue = 12|pages = 36–37}}</ref>
 ==Works==
@@ Line 56: / Line 58: @@
 | ''[[Front Mission 3]]'' || 2000 || PlayStation ||  ||
 |-
-| ''[[The Misadventures of Tron Bonne]]'' || 2000 || PlayStation || Editor ||
+| ''[[The Misadventures of Tron Bonne]]'' || 2000 || PlayStation || Editor ||<ref name="gama"/>
 |-
-| ''[[Vagrant Story]]'' || 2000 || PlayStation || ||
+| ''[[Vagrant Story]]'' || 2000 || PlayStation || ||<ref name="library"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Legend of Mana]]'' || 2000 || PlayStation || Special thanks ||
@@ Line 78: / Line 80: @@
 | ''[[Everblue 2]]'' || 2003 || PlayStation 2 || Editor ||
 |-
-| ''[[Final Fantasy Tactics Advance]]'' || 2003 || Game Boy Advance ||  ||
+| ''[[Final Fantasy Tactics Advance]]'' || 2003 || Game Boy Advance ||  ||<ref name="LOCT"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Final Fantasy XI]]'' || 2003 || Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360 ||  ||
@@ Line 84: / Line 86: @@
 | ''[[Fire Emblem (video game)|Fire Emblem]]'' || 2003 || Game Boy Advance ||  ||
 |-
-| ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]'' || 2003 || PlayStation 2 || Editor, US recording producer ||
+| ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]'' || 2003 || PlayStation 2 || Editor, US recording producer ||<ref name="RPGsite"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles]]'' || 2004 || GameCube || Special thanks ||
@@ Line 92: / Line 94: @@
 | ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney]]'' || 2005 || Nintendo DS ||  ||
 |-
-| ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]'' || 2006 || PlayStation 2 || Also US recording producer ||
+| ''[[Final Fantasy XII]]'' || 2006 || PlayStation 2 || Also US recording producer || <ref name="PAX"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Blue Dragon (video game)|Blue Dragon]]'' || 2007 || Xbox 360 || Lyricist, "Eternity" ||
@@ Line 110: / Line 112: @@
 | ''[[Vanquish (video game)|Vanquish]]'' || 2010 || PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 || Editor ||
 |-
-| ''[[Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together]]'' || 2011 || PlayStation Portable ||  ||
+| ''[[Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together]]'' || 2011 || PlayStation Portable ||  ||<ref name="RPGsite"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Final Fantasy V]]'' || 2011 || PlayStation Network || Translation support ||
@@ Line 116: / Line 118: @@
 | ''[[Rhythm Thief & the Emperor's Treasure]]'' || 2012 || Nintendo 3DS ||  ||
 |-
-| ''[[Guild (video game series)#Crimson Shroud|Crimson Shroud]]'' || 2012 || Nintendo 3DS ||  ||
+| ''[[Crimson Shroud]]'' || 2012 || Nintendo 3DS ||  ||
 |-
 | ''[[Anarchy Reigns]]'' || 2013 || PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 ||  ||
@@ Line 122: / Line 124: @@
 | ''[[The Wonderful 101]]'' || 2013 || Wii U ||  ||
 |-
-| ''[[Final Fantasy XII#International Zodiac Job System|Final Fantasy XII The Zodiac Age]]''<ref>{{cite tweet|user=kajipro|author=Kajiya Productions|number=740386355021156352|date=8 June 2016|title=We're happy to announce that @aokajiya and @josephreeder are working on Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age! #ff12 #FINALFANTASY}}</ref> || 2017 || PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows || ||
+| ''[[Final Fantasy XII#International Zodiac Job System|Final Fantasy XII The Zodiac Age]]''|| 2017 || PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows || || <ref>{{cite tweet|user=kajipro|author=Kajiya Productions|number=740386355021156352|date=June 8, 2016|title=We're happy to announce that @aokajiya and @josephreeder are working on Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age! #ff12 #FINALFANTASY}}</ref>
 |-
 | ''[[428: Shibuya Scramble]]'' || 2018 || Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 || Editor  ||
 |-
 | ''[[Ori and the Will of the Wisps]]'' || 2020 || Microsoft Windows, Xbox One || Writer ||
+|-
+| ''[[Humanity (video game)|Humanity]]'' || 2023 || Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5 || Writer ||
 |}
@@ Line 139: / Line 143: @@
 ! scope="col"|{{abbr|Ref.|References}}
 |-
-| ''[[Guin Saga]]'' || 2003–2008 || Novel || [[Kaoru Kurimoto]] || Novel series; translated with Elye Alexander ||
+| ''[[Guin Saga]]'' || 2003–2008 || Novel || [[Kaoru Kurimoto]] || Novel series; translated with Elye Alexander ||<ref name="LOCT"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Samurai Deeper Kyo]]'' || 2004–2007 || Manga || [[Akimine Kamijyo]] || Volumes 6–21; translated with Rich Amtower ||
@@ Line 145: / Line 149: @@
 | ''[[Shaolin Sisters]]'' || 2005 || Manga || [[Narumi Kakinouchi]] || Volumes 1–5; translated with Rich Amtower ||
 |-
-| ''[[Dr. Slump]]'' || 2005–2009 || Manga || [[Akira Toriyama]] || Translated with Rich Amtower ||
+| ''[[Dr. Slump]]'' || 2005–2009 || Manga || [[Akira Toriyama]] || Translated with Rich Amtower||<ref name="LOCT"/>
 |-
 | ''[[List of Fullmetal Alchemist light novels|Fullmetal Alchemist]]'' || 2005–2007 || Novel || [[Makoto Inoue (author)|Makoto Inoue]] || Light novel series; translated with Rich Amtower ||
 |-
-| ''[[The Twelve Kingdoms]]'' || 2007–2010 || Novel || [[Fuyumi Ono]] || Light novel series; translated with Elye Alexander ||
+| ''[[The Twelve Kingdoms]]'' || 2007–2010 || Novel || [[Fuyumi Ono]] || Light novel series; translated with Elye Alexander ||<ref name="LOCT"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Brave Story]]'' || 2007 || Novel || [[Miyuki Miyabe]] || ||
@@ Line 165: / Line 169: @@
 | ''[[Harmony (novel)|Harmony]]'' || 2010 || Novel || [[Project Itoh]] || ||
 |-
-| ''[[The Devotion of Suspect X]]'' || 2011 || Novel || [[Keigo Higashino]] || Translated with Elye Alexander ||
+| ''[[The Devotion of Suspect X]]'' || 2011 || Novel || [[Keigo Higashino]] || Translated with Elye Alexander ||<ref name="library"/>
 |-
 | ''[[Rocket Girls 2: The Last Planet]]'' || 2011 || Novel || Hōsuke Nojiri || ||
@@ Line 173: / Line 177: @@
 | ''[[10 Billion Days & 100 Billion Nights]]'' || 2011 || Novel || [[Ryu Mitsuse]] || Translated with Elye Alexander ||
 |-
-| ''[[Salvation of a Saint]]'' || 2012 || Novel || Keigo Higashino ||  ||
+| ''[[Salvation of a Saint]]'' || 2012 || Novel || Keigo Higashino || Translated with Elye Alexander ||
 |-
 | ''Malice'' || 2014 || Novel || Keigo Higashino ||  ||
@@ Line 199: / Line 203: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Alexander O.}}
-[[Category:1973 births]]
+[[Category:21st-century American translators]]
-[[Category:21st-century translators]]
 [[Category:American male voice actors]]
-[[Category:American translators]]
 [[Category:American video game designers]]
 [[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]
@@ Line 209: / Line 211: @@
 [[Category:Japanese–English translators]]
 [[Category:Living people]]
-[[Category:People from Tokyo]]
+[[Category:Writers from Tokyo]]
 [[Category:American subtitlers]]
 [[Category:Video game localization]]
-[[Category:Writers from Vermont]]
+[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Authority control databases
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National	United States
Artists	MusicBrainz