Election commission: Difference between revisions
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**{{flag|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma State Election Board]]<ref name=OSEB /> |
**{{flag|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma State Election Board]]<ref name=OSEB /> |
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**{{flag|Puerto Rico}} [[State Elections Commission of Puerto Rico|State Elections Commission]] |
**{{flag|Puerto Rico}} [[State Elections Commission of Puerto Rico|State Elections Commission]] |
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**{{flag|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina State Election Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://scvotes.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=SC Votes - South Carolina Election Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> |
**{{flag|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina State Election Commission]]<ref name=SC>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://scvotes.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=SC Votes - South Carolina Election Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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**{{flag|Virginia}} [[Virginia State Board of Elections]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Virginia Department of Elections - Home |url=https://www.elections.virginia.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.elections.virginia.gov}}</ref> |
**{{flag|Virginia}} [[Virginia State Board of Elections]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Virginia Department of Elections - Home |url=https://www.elections.virginia.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.elections.virginia.gov}}</ref> |
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**{{flag|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin Elections Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Wisconsin Elections Commission |url=https://elections.wi.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=elections.wi.gov |language=en}}</ref> |
**{{flag|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin Elections Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Wisconsin Elections Commission |url=https://elections.wi.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=elections.wi.gov |language=en}}</ref> |
Revision as of 16:55, 7 December 2023
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2012) |
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An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission,[1] a central[2] or state election commission,[3] an election board,[4] an electoral council[5] or an electoral court.[6] Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner[according to whom?].
Electoral models
Independent model
In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa.
Branch model
In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch, and is usually a constitutionally-recognized separate branch of government, with its members appointed by either the executive or the legislative branch. Countries with an electoral branch include Bolivia, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua and Venezuela.
Mixed model
In the mixed-model there is an independent board to determine policy, but implementation is usually a matter for an executive department with varying degrees of supervision by the independent board. Countries with such a model include Cameroon, France, Germany, Japan, Senegal and Spain.
Executive model
In the executive model the election commission is directed by a cabinet minister as part of the executive branch of government, and may include local government authorities acting as agents of the central body. Countries with this model include Denmark, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia.
In the United States, elections for federal, state, and local offices are run by the executive branch of each state government.[7]
Judicial model
In the judicial model the election commission is closely supervised by and ultimately responsible to a special "electoral court". Countries with such a model include Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
List of election commissions
- Afghanistan
- Independent Election Commission (defunct since 2021)
- Election Complaints Commission (defunct since 2021)
- Albania Central Election Commission
- Argentina
- Australia Australian Electoral Commission[1]
- Bangladesh Election Commission
- Belarus Central Election Commission
- Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission
- Bolivia
- Plurinational Electoral Organ (since 2010)
- National Electoral Court (defunct since 2010)
- Belgium Federal Public Service Interior
- Brazil Superior Electoral Court[6]
- Cambodia National Election Committee
- Canada Elections Canada
- Chile Electoral Service
- China (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) Election Committees for Local People's Congress elections only
- Colombia National Electoral Council
- Costa Rica Supreme Electoral Court
- Cuba National Election Council
- Cyprus Central Elections Office
- Democratic Republic of the Congo Independent National Electoral Commission
- Ecuador
- Egypt High Elections Committee
- Ethiopia National Election Board
- Fiji Electoral Commission
- France Constitutional Council
- Germany Federal Returning Officer
- Ghana Electoral Commission
- Guyana Elections Commission
- Haiti Provisional Electoral Council
- Hong Kong Electoral Affairs Commission
- Iceland National Electoral Commission
- India Election Commission
- Indonesia General Elections Commission
- Iran Guardian Council
- Iraq Independent High Electoral Commission
- Ireland Electoral Commission
- Israel Central Elections Committee
- Italy Central Directorate for Electoral Services
- Japan Central Election Management Council
- Jordan Independent Election Commission
- Kazakhstan Central Election Commission
- Kenya
- Interim Independent Electoral Commission (since 2008)
- Electoral Commission (defunct since 2008)
- Kosovo Central Election Commission (Kosovo)
- Laos National Election Committee (Lao)
- Liberia National Elections Commission
- Libya High National Election Commission
- Macau Electoral Affairs Commission (Macau)
- Malaysia Election Commission
- Malta Electoral Commission[8]
- Mexico
- Moldova Central Election Commission
- Myanmar Union Electoral Commission
- Nepal Election Commission
- Netherlands Electoral Council
- New Zealand Electoral Commission
- Nicaragua Supreme Electoral Council
- Nigeria Independent National Electoral Commission
- North Korea Central Election Committee (North Korea)[9]
- Northern Cyprus High Electoral Board
- Norway Norwegian Directorate of Elections
- Pakistan Election Commission
- Palestine Central Elections Commission
- Philippines Commission on Elections
- Once a winner is proclaimed, only these tribunals can rule on election matters
- Philippines Presidential Electoral Tribunal (entirely composed of the Supreme Court)
- |Senate Electoral Tribunal
- House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal
- Regional Trial Courts for local officials
- Once a winner is proclaimed, only these tribunals can rule on election matters
- Poland National Electoral Commission
- Portugal National Elections Commission (Portugal)
- Russia Central Election Commission
- Singapore Elections Department
- Slovenia State Election Commission (Državna volilna komisija)
- Somaliland National Electoral Commission
- South Africa Independent Electoral Commission
- South Korea National Election Commission
- Spain Junta Electoral Central
- Sri Lanka Election Commission of Sri Lanka
- Sweden Election Authority
- Taiwan (Republic of China) Central Election Commission
- Tanzania National Electoral Commission
- Thailand Election Commission
- Tunisia Independent High Authority for Elections
- Turkey Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey[5]
- Ukraine Central Election Commission
- United Kingdom Electoral Commission
- United States
- Election Assistance Commission, serves as a national clearinghouse and resource regarding election administration, establishes best practices, and provides financial aid to state electoral systems.
- Federal Election Commission, regulates campaign finance legislation
- Electoral Commission, a special commission for the 1876 presidential election
- Florida Florida Election Commission
- Hawaii Hawaii Elections Commission[10]
- Illinois Illinois State Board of Elections[11]
- Maryland Maryland State Board of Elections[12]
- New York New York State Board of Elections[13]
- North Carolina North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement[14]
- Oklahoma Oklahoma State Election Board[4]
- Puerto Rico State Elections Commission
- South Carolina South Carolina State Election Commission[15]
- Virginia Virginia State Board of Elections [16]
- Wisconsin Wisconsin Elections Commission[17]
- Uruguay Electoral Court
- Venezuela National Electoral Council
- Vietnam National Election Council (Vietnam)
- Zimbabwe Electoral Commission
Election commissions in Africa
This section possibly contains original research. (November 2021) |
As of 2021, 53 out of 55 African nations (save for Eritrea and Somalia, which do not hold elections) use or have used election commissions to organize and supervise their elections. First introduced in the Sudan in 1957, election commissions were created across the continent especially after many African nations introduced a system of multi-party democracy in the early 1990s.[18]
See also
- Electoral college, a body which elects a candidate to a particular office.
- Association of Central and Eastern European Election Officials
- Association of African Election Authorities
- Court of Disputed Returns
References
- ^ a b "Australian Electoral Commission". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
- ^ Alvarez-Rivera, Manuel. "Elections to the Latvian Saeima (Parliament)". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
- ^ [https https].
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help); Missing or empty|title=
(help)//www.scvotes.org/about-sec | title=SC State Election Commission}} About Us | website=SCVotes | access-date=December 15, 2018}} - ^ a b "Oklahoma State Election Board". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
- ^ a b "YSK Web Portal". www.ysk.gov.tr. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ a b "Superior Electoral Court, Brazil (TSE)". Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
- ^ "About Us". Florida Division of Elections. Florida Department of State. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ "Electoral Commission of Malta Welcome to the portal of the Electoral Commission of Malta". electoral.gov.mt. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ "Report of Central Election Committee in DPRK Issued". dprktoday.com. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ "State of Hawaii Office of Elections". Elections Commission. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Board of Elections". Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Maryland State Board of Elections". elections.maryland.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ "Board of Elections". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Home Page | NCSBE". North Carolina State Board of Elections. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ "Home". SC Votes - South Carolina Election Commission. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ "Virginia Department of Elections - Home". www.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ "Wisconsin Elections Commission". elections.wi.gov. 2022-04-04. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ Marzin, Régis (2021). Les commissions électorales et le retour du multipartisme entre 1990 et 1994 en Afrique, Historique des commissions électorales de 1957 à 2021 (in French).