List of French phrases

This page lists English translations of French phrases used in English texts and presumed to be understood by the English reader.

A

à propos: regarding

j'accuse !: "I accuse!" — title of an open letter by Émile Zola exposing the Dreyfus affair

aide de camp: "camp assistant"; assistant to a senior military officer

aide-mémoire: "memory aid"; an object or memorandum to assist in remembrance, or a diplomatic paper proposing the major points of discussion

allez !: "go!", as in "go team!"

ancien régime: the previous administration/government/reign. It is often used both in English and French to mean pre-Revolution France, as it was referred to as such by the revolutionaries.

appellation contrôlée: supervised use of a name. For the conventional use of the term, see Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée

après nous, le déluge: "after us, the flood"; that is, things will be disastrous after we have gone (or died). Attributed to Madame de Pompadour, mistress of Louis XV of France

au contraire: on the contrary

avec plaisir: my pleasure (lit. "with pleasure")

B

beau geste: literally "noble gesture"; gracious gesture; also, a gesture noble in form but meaningless in substance

beaucoup: plenty, lots of, much; merci beaucoup: thanks a lot

bel esprit (pl. beaux esprits): literally "fine mind"; a cultivated, highly intelligent person

belles-lettres: literally "fine letters"; literature regarded for its aesthetic value rather than its didactic or informative content; also, light, stylish writings, usually on literary or intellectual subjects

bien fait!: literally "well done"; used to express schadenfreude when someone is well-deservedly punished

bon appétit: literally "good appetite"; enjoy your meal

bon mot: well-chosen word(s), particularly a witty remark

bon vivant: one who enjoys the good life, an epicurean

bon voyage: "have a nice trip" (as in, 'I wish you a pleasant trip')

bonne chance: "good luck" (as in, 'I wish you good luck')

bric-a-brac: small ornamental objects, less valuable than antiques; a collection of old furniture, china, plate and curiosities. Cf. de bric et de broc, corresponding to our "by hook or by crook", and brack, refuse.

C

ça ne fait rien: "it doesn't matter"

cause célèbre: literally "famous case", but used to refer to any long-running social, legal and political situation involving public campaigning on one or both sides.

c'est bon: "that's good"

c'est la vie: "that's life"

c'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre: "it is magnificent, but it is not war" — quotation from Marshal Pierre Bosquet commenting on the charge of the Light Brigade

c'est pas grave: "it doesn't matter, it's not a big deal" (informal)

chacun a son goût / chacun à son goût / chacun ses goûts / à chacun son goût [all are used]

"to each his (their) own"

Champs Elysées: literally "Elysian Fields"; actually the name of a major street radiating from the Arc de Triomphe in Paris

Châteaux en Espagne: literally "castles in Spain"; used to mean imaginary projects, often with little hope of realisation (means the same as "castles in the air" or "pie in the sky"). Refers to when Marshall Du Guesclin enticed excess mercenaries with dreams of spanish territories to invade Spain and get slaughtered

cherchez la femme: "look for the woman", in the sense that, when a man behaves out of character or in an otherwise apparently inexplicable manner, the reason may be found in his trying to cover up an illicit affair with a woman, or to impress or gain favour with a woman. First used by Alexandre Dumas (père) in the third chapter of his novel Les Mohicans de Paris (1854).

Chevalier d'Industrie: one who lives by his wits, specially by swindling

comme ci, comme ça: "like this, like that"; or some people might say "so and so"

comme il faut: Being in accord with conventions or accepted standards; proper.

contretemps

hitch, delay
argument, disagreement

coup de foudre: a sudden unexpected event, such as: a thunderbolt; a "bolt from the blue"; love at first sight

coup de grâce: a killing blow (literally "blow of mercy")

coup d'état: a sudden blow to a state (normally a sudden, often violent, regime change)

crème de la crème: best of the best (or "cream of the crop")

cri du cœur: an impassioned outcry, as of entreaty or protest

cul-de-sac: literally "bottom-of-the-bag" or "arse-of-the-bag"; refers to a dead-end street (or no through road)

Ceux-qui rient le vendredi, pleureront le dimanche: Those who laugh on Friday will cry on Sunday

D

d'accord: in accord; agreed; sure; OK; of course

déjà entendu: a recent addition to English language meaning "already heard"

déjà lu: literally "already read"; meaning already reading a piece of music or text

déjà vu: "already seen"; seeing something you have seen again, probably in similar settings

les boules: (vulgar) literally "the balls"; meaning that whatever you are talking about is dreadful

le droit du seigneur: literally "the right of the lord"; the purported right of a lord in feudal times to take the virginity of one of his vassals' brides on her wedding night (in precedence to her new husband). Note that French don't use the expression "droit du seigneur" to designate this hypothetical custom, but the expression "droit de cuissage".

de rigueur: necessary according to etiquette, protocol or fashion

E

élan vital: literally "vital ardor"; the vital force hypothesized by Henri Bergson as a source of efficient causation and evolution in nature; also called "life-force"

éminence grise: literally "grey eminence"; refers to a publicity-shy person with little formal power but great influence over those in authority

encore: more, still, yet; encore une fois: once more, again

en masse: in a mass or group, all together

en principe, 'oui': literally "in principle, 'yes'". Actually a bureaucratic and circumlocutional way of saying 'no'

esprit de corps: team spirit

esprit de l'escalier: from "wit" and "stairs"; thinking of a witty remark too late; hindsight or afterwit or "afterism" ("a concise, clever statement you don't think of until too late")

être plus royaliste que le roi: lit. "to be more royalist than the king", i.e. to be more enthusiastic than the cause deserves

l'État, c'est moi !: "I am the state!" — attributed to the archetypal absolute monarch, Louis XIV of France

excusez-moi !: excuse me!; can be used sarcastically (depends on the tone)

excusez le mot !: excuse the word!; if a certain word has negative connotations (for example, a word-joke at a time of grief)

F

fait accompli: the thing is done, it is too late discuss whether to do it

faux: false, ersatz, fake.

faux pas: literally "false step"; a violation of accepted, although unwritten, social rules

femme fatale: literally "fatal/deadly woman"; an attractive woman who seduces and takes advantage of men in order to achieve personal goals after which she discards of or abandons the victim. Used to describe an attractive woman with whom a relationship is likely to result, or has already resulted, in pain and sorrow

fier d'être: proud of being; "French, and proud to be so"

fin de saison: literally "end of season"; marks the end of an extended (annual) period during which business increases significantly, most commonly used for the end of summer tourism

fin de siècle: "end of the century"; relating to the culture pertaining at the end of the 19th century

flâneur: an aimless idler

foie gras: fatty liver; usually the liver of overfed geese, hence: pâté de foie gras, pâté made from goose liver

G

Gautier et Garguille: all the world and his wife (possibly derived from a 17th century French comic Hugues Guérin, who performed under the stage name Gautier-Garguille, though it is likely that he in turn may have taken this pseudonym from earlier 16th century recorded sayings: prendre Gautier pour Garguille: "to take Gautier for Garguille", that is to mistake one person for another; il n'y a ni Gautier, ni Garguille: "he is neither Gaultier nor Garguille", that is, 'he is no-one')

les goûts et les couleurs ne se discutent pas: "tastes and colours are not argued over"; one does not argue over differences in taste, to each his own

grand projet: literally "large project"; usually a government funded large scale civil engineering or technology project executed for prestige or general social benefit, and not immediately (if ever) profitable

H

haute couture: Paris-based custom-fitted clothing; literally "high sewing"

honi soit qui mal y pense: The motto of the British Order of the Garter, literally: "shamed be the person who thinks evil of it". Note that modern French writes honni whereas the motto still uses the Old French honi.

hors concours: "out of the running"; used to describe someone who is a non-competitor, especially in love

hors de combat: prevented from fighting, usually by injury; literally "out of combat"

hors d'œuvre: appetizer (starter) ; literally "outside of the work" (of the main meal)

huis-clos: the huis clos is a term which indicates an enclosed space such as a room or cell.

I

idée fixe: an obsession or fixed attitude. In the Asterix books by Goscinny & Uderzo, Asterix's dog is named Idéfix in French and Dogmatix in English. The 19th century French composer Hector Berlioz used the term to denote a musical idea (normally a short melodic phrase), representing something or someone extra-musical, that was subject to limited development during the course of the work; very similar to Richard Wagner's use of so-called leitmotifs

J

Jacques Bonhomme: a name given to a French peasant as tamely submissive to taxation. Also the pseudonym of the 14th century peasant leader Guillaume Caillet

J'sais pas (pronounced 'SCH — EH' pas): "I don't know"; modern, colloquial form of "Je ne sais pas"

Je m'en fous: "I don't care" (somewhat rude, on the language level of "I don't give a damn")

je ne regrette rien: "I regret nothing" (from the title of a popular song sung by Édith Piaf: "Non, je ne regrette rien"). Also the phrase the UK's then Chancellor of the Exchequer Norman Lamont chose to use to describe his feelings over the events of September 16 1992 ('Black Wednesday')

je ne sais quoi: "I don't know what"; used to mean a certain, indescribable or indefinable 'something' which distinguishes the object in question from others which are superficially similar

je ne sais pas: "I don't know"

Jeunesse Dorée (Jeunesse Doree): literally "gilded youth"; name given to a body of young dandies who, after the fall of Robespierre, strove to bring about a counter-revolution. Today used for any offspring living an affluent lifestyle

joie de vivre: "joy of life", "joy of living"

Je suis: I am...

K

L

laissez les bons temps rouler: "let the good times roll": never actually used in French, and wouldn't mean anything if it was.

laissez-faire: "let do"; often used within the context of economic policy or political philosophy, meaning leaving alone, or non-interference

legerdemain: from Old French leger de main, "light of hand"; used to mean sleight of hand usually in the context of deception or the art of stage magic tricks

lèse majesté: an offense against a sovereign power; or, an attack against someone's dignity or against a custom or institution held sacred (from the Latin "crimen laesae maiestatis": the crime of injured majesty)

lieu: "instead", originally derived from Latin locus ("place"); in lieu of: "instead of", "in the place of". For example, "In lieu of flowers, donations can be made to the deceased's charity of choice." This is illustrated for instance in the English word "lieutenant", which literally means "place-holder"

Louis Quinze: specifically "Louis XV" (of France); or, more generally, relating to the rococo style of furniture, architecture and interior decoration popular during his reign (which lasted almost 60 years from 1715 to 1774)

M

maître d': a shortening of maître d'hôtel, meaning "master of the hall"; used to refer to a head waiter

mauvais quart d'heure: literally a 'bad quarter of an hour'. A short unpleasant or uncomfortable moment

ménage à trois: "household of three"; a romantic and/or sexual relationship consisting of three individuals in a single household, an arrangement of three individuals engaging in simultaneous sexual activity with one another

mise en scène: the process of setting a stage with regard to placement of actors, scenery, properties, etc.; the stage setting or scenery of a play; surroundings, environment

le moment suprême: "the supreme moment"; the climax in a series of events (for example at the unveiling of an art exhibition)

moue: a pursing together of the lips to indicate dissatisfaction, a pout

N

n'est-ce pas?: "isn't it?"

noblesse oblige: "nobility obliges"; those granted a higher station in life are obliged to extend (possibly token) favours/courtesies to those in lower stations

O

œuvre: "work", in the sense of an artist's work (as in, for instance, "I am studying Molière's great œuvre, Le Misanthrope"), and often, by extension, an artist's lifetime's achievements (for example "I am studying Molière's complete œuvre, including his great comedy of manners Le Misanthrope")

oh mon Dieu !: oh my God!

oui: yes

ouais: Yes, Yeah (informal)

P

passe-partout: a document or key that allows the holder to travel without hindrance from the authorities and enter any location

peut-être: perhaps, possibly, maybe

pièce de résistance: "piece of endurance" or "piece of staying power"; item that excels in quality and/or value from the rest of a collection

pièce d'occasion: "occasional piece"; item written or composed for a special occasion

pied-à-terre: "foot-on-the-ground" or "foothold"; a place to stay

pis-aller: "worse"; an undesirable option selected because the other choices were even worse

plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose: the more things change, the more they stay the same; often shortened to plus ça change

poseur: a person who pretends to be what he or she is not: an affected or insincere person: a wannabe

pourboire: "for drink"; gratuity, tip; donner un pourboire: to tip.

pour encourager les autres: "to encourage others"; said of an excessive punishment meted out as an example. The original is from Voltaire's Candide and referred to the execution of Admiral John Byng

prêt-à-porter: ready to wear clothing (off the shelf). Contrast with haute couture

Q

Quai d'Orsay: address of the French foreign ministry in Paris, used to refer to the ministry itself.

Quatorze juillet: "14th July", Bastille Day. The beginning of the French Revolution in 1789; used to refer to the revolution itself and its ideals. It is the french National Day.

Quelle horreur ! (often written in English as "quel horreur", which is not grammatically correct in French, as horreur is a feminine noun): "How awful!"

Qu'est-ce que c'est ?: What is this?

qui vive ?: literally "who would live?"; "who's there?" (used as a sentry's challenge to determine a person's political sympathies). "Sur le qui-vive" (literally "on the point of saying qui vive") — on the alert, vigilant.

quoi de neuf?: literally "What's new?" or "What's the news?". Often meant "What's up?" (Informal)

R

raison d'être: the basic reason or purpose to exist

raison d'état: reason of state

rendez-vous: appointment, meeting place

Rive Gauche: the left (southern) bank (of the River Seine in Paris). A particular mindset attributed to inhabitants of that area

roi fainéant: powerless king (literally "do-nothing king"); an expression first used about the kings of France from 670 to 752 (Thierry III to Childeric III), who had to do what their ministers told them. The term was later used about other royalty who had been made powerless, also in other countries, but lost its meaning when parliamentarism made all royals powerless

roman à clef: literally "novel with key"; a novel in which actual persons, places or events are depicted in fictional guise

RSVP: abbreviation of répondez, s'il vous plaît, which politely requests the recipient to reply to an invitation ("please respond")

S

Sacrebleu !: literally "Sacred blue!"; a stereotypical minced oath, which is an euphemism for Sacré Dieu ("Sacred God!"). Very dated in France and rarely heard.

sang-froid: literally "cold blood"; translates as keeping a cool head or a stiff upper lip. Also "cold-blooded" in the expression "meurtre de sang-froid" ("cool-blooded murder")

sans-culotte: literally "without knee-britches/trousers"; refers to lower-class Parisian republicans in the French Revolution, in modern use to those holding strong republican views

savoir-faire: literally "know how to do"; to respond appropriately to any situation.

sauve qui peut !: those who can should save themselves. Used as a pragmatic response to an accident. Roughly equivalent to the English "every man for himself"

soi-disant: literally "oneself saying"; means self-proclaimed, self-styled

Système D: literally "System D"; refers to a French concept that roughly translates to "resourcefulness", or "the ability to work around the system". The name derives from the "D" at the start of the verb débrouiller -- "to manage" or "to get by".

A typical phase using this concept would translate directly to "Thanks to System D, I got opera tickets at the last minute."

T

tant pis: too bad, what a shame

tête-à-tête: "head to head"; an intimate get-together or private conversation between two people

tour de force: "act of strength"; a brilliant feat

tout de suite: "at once", "immediately" (per Oxford English Dictionary). Sometimes shortened to tout d'suite (children may say tout suite, pronounced "too sweet")

très belle: very beautiful

U

V

vas-y !: Go Ahead! Used to encourage someone (pronounced vah-zee)

va-t'en !: imperative form, like above, literally meaning "Go from here" but translating more closely as "Go away". Used to tell someone that you don't require their presence.

vendu or vendus: sellouts, generally by apostates

vin de pays: literally "country wine"; wine of a lower designated quality than appellation controlée

vis-à-vis: "face-to-face"; opposed to, compared with, in relation to

Vive (...) !: literally "live"; as in "Vive la France !" (long live France), "Vive le Canada !" (long live Canada), or "Vive le Québec libre" (long live free Quebec, a sovereigntist slogan famously used by French President Charles de Gaulle in 1967 in Montreal).

voilà !: this word is one of the most common and familiar French words in the English language^{[citation needed]}. A compound word formed from voir (to see) and là (there), it would be translated literally as "see there". Though having more uses in French, in English it is usually used in the same way as "presto", or "ta-da", as in when presenting or making something.

voulez-vous coucher avec moi?: literally "do you want to lay with me?", means: "do you want to have sex with me?" Popularized by the song Lady Marmalade.

W

Y

Z

le zinc: bar/café counter

zut alors: a mild oath like "Darn it!"
zut zut et zut: darn darn and darn

External links

A

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F

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I

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See also

External links