Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan
Town of Qu'Appelle | |
|---|---|
![Main Street, Qu'Appelle during its heyday, shortly after 1905[1]](/wiki/File:Main_Street_Qu%27Appelle.jpg) Main Street, Qu'Appelle during its heyday, shortly after 1905[1] | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  Saskatchewan |
| Region | Saskatchewan |
| Census division | 6 |
| Rural Municipality | South Qu'Appelle |
| Post office Founded | 1882 |
| Incorporated (Village) | N/A |
| Incorporated (Town) | February 20, 1903[2] |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Allan Arthur |
| • Town Manager | Carol Wickenheiser |
| • Governing body | Qu'Appelle Town Council |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4.22 km2 (1.63 sq mi) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 648 |
| • Density | 153.4/km2 (397/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CST |
| Postal code | S0G 4A0 |
| Area code | 306 |
| Highways | Highway 1 |
| Website | Town of Qu'Appelle |
Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, is a town with considerable historic significance located on Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline, some Template:Mi to km east of the provincial capital and southern metropole of Regina.
Qu'Appelle held long-term terminus status for the Canadian Pacific Railway and major distribution centre. The town is situated amid a lush rolling parkland setting, with intermittent coulees which result in gentle valleys with their steady-flowing creeks. Aspen bluffs surround the occasional slough creating a picturesque locale both in summer and winter which is notable across the region. Qu'Appelle thrived as a settlement area due to its ready access to ample water.
Qu'Appelle had at one stage been credibly anticipated to be a major metropole by both the federal government of Canada — it was under serious consideration by the federal government for district headquarters of the District of Assiniboia and territorial headquarters of the North-West Territories — and the Church of England. The Church of England (now the Anglican Church of Canada), which for a time designated Qu'Appelle the cathedral city for the Diocese of Qu'Appelle. The Diocese of Qu'Appelle geographically corresponded precisely to the provisional District of Assiniboia in the North-West Territories.[3]
Political events, however, passed Qu'Appelle entirely by and when Lieutenant-Governor Edgar Dewdney elected the locale of his own landholdings at what was to become Regina some Template:Mi to km to the west of Qu'Appelle as his Territorial capital, Qu'Appelle's significance other than in historical terms eventually largely lapsed.
History
Like many small Canadian prairie towns, Qu'Appelle has enjoyed a considerably more lively past than present; Qu'Appelle, however, has in particular been a near-miss throughout its unfortunate history.
It was — as demonstrated by its now entirely historical commemoration as the historical see city of the Anglican Diocese of Qu'Appelle — at one point the obvious choice as the capital of the North-West [sic] Territories.
The choice of Regina as the Territorial headquarters was a national scandal in the 1880s: there was an "obvious conflict of interest" in Lieutenant-Governor Edgar Dewdney's promoting of Pile-of-Bones as the territorial headquarters.[4] Pile-of-Bones was the historic name of Regina. Until 1897, when responsible government was accomplished in the Territories,[5] the lieutenant-governor and council governed by fiat and there was little legitimate means of challenging such decisions outside the federal capital of Ottawa, where the Territories were remote and of little concern.
Founding and naming
Founded as Troy in 1882,[6] for a time Qu'Appelle appeared likely to be the administrative headquarters for the District of Assiniboia, corresponding to the southern portion of the later province of Saskatchewan.
When the Canadian Pacific Railway arrived in 1884 the new town was renamed Qu'Appelle Station from its initial name of Troy[7] and in 1902 the name was changed to South Qu'Appelle. There was longstanding confusion as to the name "Qu'Appelle," which also referred to the former Hudson's Bay Company fort town in the Qu'Appelle Valley, to the northeast of Qu'Appelle; in 1911 the two communities agreed to rationalise the confusion in their names by deeming the then-Canadian Pacific Railway station site as Qu'Appelle and the town in the valley as Fort Qu'Appelle.[7]
North-West Rebellion
Qu'Appelle attained national prominence in 1885 during the North-West Rebellion. Until the construction of the Qu’Appelle, Long Lake, and Saskatchewan Railway in 1890 linked Regina with Saskatoon and Prince Albert, Qu'Appelle was the major debarkation and distribution centre and General Middleton, who billeted in the Queen's Hotel, made it the marshalling point to the locus of the Rebellion in the northwest, for troops arriving from eastern Canada by train.[7]
Many Qu'Appelle children of the late 19th and early 20th centuries recounted frightening encounters with angry Cree and "half breeds" — nowadays the latter, actually not strictly speaking francophone Métis but Bungee-speaking Countryborn, would be deemed Anglo-Métis — who not unreasonably bore a considerable grudge against white settlers in the Qu'Appelle region.
Early town life
Early residents of Qu'Appelle included numerous English remittance men whose cultured backgrounds contributed significantly to the life of the town in the early days: amateur theatricals and musical evenings were a regular feature of winter social life.
As in Fort Qu'Appelle, town life in many ways resembled that of an Indian hill station during the British Raj. Perhaps improbably in so small a community but indicative of the not always tolerant and inclusive social mores of early settlement in the Canadian west, discrete neighbourhoods of Qu'Appelle were generally called "Germantown" and "Breedville," the latter in racist early reference to the prairie Anglo-Métis, whom white settlers at the time called "half-breeds," a term now considered disparaging, and generally avoided.[8]
The fine yellow brick town hall and "opera house" remains in use; its companion building, Qu'Appelle High School, built in similar style in identical yellow brick, closed in 1973 and was demolished in 1975. The Queen's Hotel built in 1884 and surviving, latterly largely as a town pub, until its destruction by fire in 2003.[7] At one point the town contained a train station, some half-dozen grain elevators, a bank, post office, butcher, two general stores, a hardware store, pharmacy, hotel (and "beverage room," in the terminology of the early 20th century Canadian West), barber shop, firehall, law office, numerous service stations, several cafés, cinema (later converted to a grocery store, now closed) and a covered rink.[9] In the 1890s there was also "a flour mill, a creamery, a felt and boot factory."[7]
The Qu'Appelle Anglican Diocese maintained the St John's College Farm immediately to the west of town.[10] By 1910 the town's population had risen to nearly 1,000.[7] But the farming hinterland was also far more densely populated than today and with travel to Regina usually a matter of a train journey and domestic transport mostly by horsedrawn conveyances. Qu'Appelle was an important local business, shopping and distribution centre which, indeed, staged an annual summer fair.[11]
To a great extent these amenities have lapsed. The rationalisation by the grain companies of their depots for buying grain from farmers and the resulting disappearance of Qu'Appelle's grain elevators have hastened the process of decline as even the regular visits by farmers to town to deliver grain have ceased.
"Progress"
The Qu'Appelle Progress, the town newspaper, began production at the very outset of Qu'Appelle's establishment and maintained publication till the mid-60s, originally providing substantive news as to national and international events when access to wider news organs was not locally available. Latterly it devolved to a local community paper, largely subsisting on reports from farm wives as to the waning hinterland rural communities as substantive civic events in Qu'Appelle became less newsworthy, with community reporters phoning in accounts of events in such now entirely historic rural communities as Inglewood and Springbrook.
Increasingly, however,
- family farms were consolidated — the Dominion Lands Act, 1872 provided for farms of 160 acres — ¼ section[12] — but the Depression of the 1930s made it clear that while this might have been enough land for a family farm in Ontario, it was not nearly enough in the dryland farming conditions of the prairies;
- the rural population which Qu'Appelle had served declined;
- rural churches and schools closed — churches disappeared in the 1950s; all rural schools were closed in June, 1963 and farm children thereafter bused to town school; little trace of either now remains — and
- rural community life lapsed.
By the time such rural communities had passed into their brief history, Heber Ellis, the editor and publisher of The Progress had also reached the end of his life and The Progress died with him.
Churches and community events
In Qu'Appelle's early days, churches constituted a major focus of community social as well as religious life through the year. Social events involving the whole community occurred when the town organised
- May Day celebrations on May 1,
- Victoria Day fireworks on May 24,
- a parade for Dominion Day on July 1,
- a summer agricultural fair in July,[13]
- school plays and concerts at Christmas and in the spring,[14]
- amateur community concerts and theatricals in the "opera house" in the Town Hall;
- cricket matches and
- hockey games in the indoor community rink.
But the town's churches — Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyerian, Methodist (later United Church, comprising all the Methodists and the majority of the Presbyterians) and, after the 1925 church union, the continuing Presbyterian congregation — mounted parish, congregational, Sunday School and other events through the year which were a focus of social activity for members of the four religious denominations of the town.
Church of England
In anticipation of its presumed eventual urban importance the Anglican ecclesiastical province of Ruperts Land designated the village of Qu'Appelle as the cathedral city of the new diocese of Qu'Appelle (which retains that name, though the historic association with the town of Qu'Appelle other than as a subsidiary congregation of the parish of Indian Head is long past); St Peter's, the pro-cathedral, was built in 1885; its stone rectory next door is now in private hands, the church (as with the other three denominations) having long since withdrawn any full-time residential clergy from the town.
Bishop Adelbert Anson, the first Bishop of Qu'Appelle, from 1884, cultivated a relationship between Qu'Appelle and his home Diocese of Lichfield in England and with wealthy friends there, who briefly took on both Diocese of Qu'Appelle as a mission field and the parish of St Peter's Pro-Cathedral as a particular focus of interest. Much of the early development of the St John's College Farm and the furnishing of St Peter's Pro-Cathedral is attributable to that early connection.[15]
The diocese briefly operated a training facility for Anglican clergy in the town and the St John's College Farm, a model farm immediately to the west of town, although Bishop Burn, who lacked Bishop Anson's connections with patrons in the Diocese of Lichfield, closed both of these facilities in 1895; the parish church of St Peter's, however, continued as the pro-cathedral for southern Saskatchewan until 1944.[7]
The original Bishop's Court, the official residence of the diocesan bishop, was also in Qu'Appelle though moved by John Burn, the second bishop of Qu'Appelle, to Indian Head, some Template:Mi to km to the east of Qu'Appelle, in 1896 when he also closed the college as it early became apparent that
- (a) diocesan debt was becoming disproportionate to anticipated resources in the largely non-Anglican District of Assiniboia and
- (b) the sponsoring Diocese of Lichfield in England was unwilling to underwrite the expenses of such programs indefinitely.[16]
Early on, the bishop's residence was further relocated to the diocesan property in Regina which has itself now been sold and is being redeveloped for commercial and residential use as the declining Anglican Church has been forced to rationalise its resources. Still, when Bishop Burn died he was buried in Qu'Appelle Cemetery, where his grave monument remains the largest. Ultimately, with the ecclesiastical hierarchy and the provincial metropole long since having been removed to Regina, pro-cathedral status was removed from St Peter's, Qu'Appelle and conferred on St Paul's, Regina in 1944.
(However, even Regina's continuing status as an episcopal see city and that of St Paul's, Regina as a cathedral may now be in doubt as the further declining Anglican Church rationalises its increasingly top-heavy episcopal structure.[17])
Presbyterian Church in Canada, Methodist Church of Canada; The United Church of Canada
Qu'Appelle Methodist Church opened in 1883 as part of a circuit that included Edgeley Methodist Church;[18] Knox Presbyterian Church was built in 1884.[7] The Presbyterian and Methodist congregations merged in 1925 to become a congregation of the United Church of Canada, maintaining the Presbyterian church building as its facility and with the minister of Qu'Appelle Methodist Church continuing at the now-Knox United.[19]
The Presbyterians of Qu'Appelle were so substantial a body that when a non-concurring minority of their congregation seceded and re-constituted themselves a separate continuing Presbyterian congregation, building a separate meeting house on Main Street for their re-named St Andrew's Presbyterian Church,[20] those who went into the union still constituted a majority of the United Church congregation and both were able to maintain a vital presence in the town for many years.
For a generation the church union issue raised hackles in Qu'Appelle among uniting and non-concurring Presbyterians and many firm friendships were sundered; nowadays as elsewhere in Canada, as the matter has passed into history and matters of denominational affiliation have largely become moot in Canada's increasingly secular society, the issue is largely forgotten.
Roman Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception
The Roman Catholics, many of them of French Canadian and German antecedents, built the fine Immaculate Conception Church on Main Street in 1906 (consecrated in 1907) in the same yellow brick as the town hall and school, the pro-cathedral and numerous houses and Main Street businesses, which once characterised the town's not-unimpressive yellow brick style.
Immaculate Conception parish began in 1886; its original church building survives as a private residential dwelling. Whereas Presbyterian and Methodist, and later United, Churches maintained rural congregations in which farm families locally worshipped, Roman Catholics came to town for Sunday Mass and liturgical festivals and from the outset the Catholic church in Qu'Appelle had a substantial constituency. Now by far the largest church building in the town of Qu'Appelle and certainly with the most vital surviving congregation, albeit also long since without a resident clergyman, it seats up to 225.[21]
Decline
The catastrophe of Lieutentant-Governor Edgar Dewdney nominating Pile-of-Bones, later Regina, as his Territorial Capital only Template:Mi to km to the east of Qu'Appelle on the CPR mainline was only the first of the disasters to befall Qu'Appelle. Bishop Burn's closing of the Qu'Appelle Model Farm and transfer of Bishop's Court from Qu'Appelle to Indian Head in 1895 accelerated the decline and thereafter Qu'Appelle's pretentions as the would-be metropole for the District of Assiniboia were comprehensively dispelled.
The Anglican metropole was first transferred to Indian Head and then to Regina; by the 1960s the CPR Railway station, the grain elevators, the Post Office, the Royal Bank of Canada, the Red and White grocery store, the Hamblin general store, the barber shop and three gas stations remained; these were not to last beyond 1970.
The theatre building on Main Street briefly was turned into a general store in the 1960s when the Red & White Store closed but this soon ended. The bypassing of Qu'Appelle by Highway 10 to the Qu'Appelle Valley, the closing of the grain elevators and the gas stations, the high school and all the remaining grocery stores determinatively spelled the end of Qu'Appelle as a viable commercial centre.
Economy
For a time Qu'Appelle commerce was saved from moribundity by local farmers bringing their grain to sell in the several now-demolished grain elevators and by Regina cottagers passing through en route to the Qu'Appelle Valley: until 1968 when Highway No. 10 cut across directly from Balgonie to the Valley the route from Regina to the Valley was by Highway No. 1 to Qu'Appelle and then north on Highway 35.[7] In recent years Qu'Appelle has enjoyed a mild resurgence as a result of commuters from Regina discovering it as a bedroom community — the town council for a time advertised lots for sale at one dollar as a means of attracting new residents, and several mobile homes in town are the result; according to the Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
about 80% to 90% of the town’s workforce drive to and from the city each day
— McLennan, David. [7]
— however, the once solidly built up main street is now almost entirely lined with vacant lots and abandoned buildings.
As late as the 1960s there were still a hospital, post office, butcher, Red & White grocery store, general store, barbershop and several garages, including Royalite and BA stations on the trans-Canada highway and two garages in town operated by the Kuntz and Kraus families. The historic Queen's Hotel, built in 1884 and perhaps the last of the major commercial structures of Main Street, burned to the ground in 2003.[7]
James Hamblin School, the town primary school built in the 1960s and named for the proprietor of the long-operating (but now long-defunct) Main Street general store, remains in operation with nine staff and an enrolment of 156 in 2007.[22] The Saskatchewan library association maintains a travelling library in the Town Hall's former "Opera House" with internet access to the province-wide collection and facilities for ordering books from such collection: one notes by contrast with the otherwise sadly depleted resources of today's Qu'Appelle by comparison with the burgeoning community of the past, this perhaps one vastly improved facility. Lady Tweedsmuir's library project afforded Qu'Appelle's impoverished residents a modest library facility during the Depression; Qu'Appelle today need no longer depend on such provident society charitable facility. The theatre on Main Street across the street from the Kraus Esso service station briefly enjoyed a second life as a general store during the 1960s when James Hamblin's general store closed on his death but it lasted only for a decade.
At present there remains a small business core including a print shop, tattoo parlour (!) and analytical laboratory.[7] The Odd Fellows, long a local service club, is long gone, but there still is a Masons lodge, a Lions Club, the Community Players and a Historical Society.[23] No substantial retail establishments yet remain, however, and Qu'Appelle residents must repair to Indian Head, Fort Qu'Appelle or Regina to provision their households.
Education
Bishop Anson established a boys school, agricultural and theological college in the late 1880's. St. John's College dissolved shortly ater his departure in 1893.[2] December 5, 1884 saw the creation of the first two school districts in the Northwest Territories; Moose Jaw School District #1 and Qu'Appelle School District #2. The wood frame 2 or 3 classroom school house gave way to a 2-1/2 storey brick school with full basement in 1906. November 27, 1964 saw the opening of the 9 classroom brick school house named James Hamblin School.[2] The elementary school education from kindergarden to grade 9 is currently provided by James Hamblin School, a part of the Qu'Appelle Valley School Division No. 139.[24]
Governance
The town of Qu'Appelle, was incorporated February 20, 1903.[2] The municipal affairs are handled by the town mayor and council. The current mayor is Arthur Allan.[25] The rural municipality Of South Qu'Appelle No 157 office is located at 17 Qu'Appelle St, Qu'Appelle and provides municipal rural affairs to the small localities of Avonhurst, Edgeley, Grassmere, Green Haven, Qu'Appelle Airport, St. Joseph's, and St. Josephs Colony.[26]
Qu'Appelle exists within the federal electoral district of Regina—Qu'Appelle. The last federal election was held in this area on Monday, January 23, 2006 and the next election day is Tuesday, October 14, 2008.[27]
Provincially, the area is within the Constituency of Indian Head-Milestone. It is currently represented by the Honourable Don McMorris.<[28]
Geography
Qu'Appelle is located in the Indian Head Plain of the Aspen Parkland ecoregion.[29] This is an area with lush rolling grasslands, interspersed with aspen tree bluffs and sloughs. In the 1800's Qu'Appelle was located at the hub of several red river land trails. The Wood Mountain - Fort Qu'Appelle trail provided access north to ort Qu'Appelle via Qu'Appelle . The Fort Ellice - Old Wives trail connected Manitoba to Regina and easterly destinations via Qu'Appelle. When the CPR arrived in 1882, the Troy (Qu'Appelle) - Prince Albert trail served for freight and stagecoach to the north west and onwards to Edmonton.[30] Qu'Appelle is currently located on Saskatchewan Highway 35 and the Trans Canada Highway. The Indian Head Bird Sanctuary is located within Template:Km to mi of Qu'Appelle to the east. The McLean Recreation Site is located Template:Km to mi from Qu'Appelle to the west.[31] This park is closer than Katepwa Point Provincial Park Template:Km to mi, Valley Centre Recreation Site Template:Km to mi, Lebret Recreation Site Template:Km to mi and Echo Valley Provincial Park Template:Km to mi away. Natural features of Egg Lake, Template:Km to mi; Springbrook Creek, Template:Km to mi; The Fishing Lakes, Template:Km to mi and Strawberry Lakes Template:Km to mi are near Qu'Appelle.[32]
Climate
| Climate data for Qu'Appelle | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Source: Enviroment Canada [33] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
According to the Canada 2001 Census the community profile was as follows:
- Population in 2001 — 648
- Population in 1996 — 632
- 1996 to 2001 population change (%) — 2.5
- Total private dwellings — 290
- Population density per square kilometre — 153.4
- Land area (square km) — 4.22
- N/A = Data Not Available
Notable people from Qu'Appelle
- Neil Schell, actor was born 24 April 1957, in Qu'Appelle. He has starred in a variety of television series and movies such as most recently A Little Thing Called Murder, 2006 and Cabin Pressure / Hijack'd, 2006.[34]
- George H. V. Bulyea, Canadian politician moved to Qu'Appelle, District of Assiniboia, Northwest Territories in 1893. Here he engaged in the furniture, flour, and feed businesses until 1907. He also wrote an official handbook regarding the Northwest Territories.[35]
- Vernon Barford, (10 September 1876 - 22 April 1963) organist, choirmaster, teacher homesteaded and organist in the Qu'Appelle district between 1895 and 1900.[36]
- Edward Rawlinson, (June 2, 1912–1992), born in Qu'Appelle showed leadership in broadcasting across several radio stations to Saskatchewan and was the youngest Chartered Accountant in Canada.[37]
Area statistics
- Lat (DMS) 50° 33' 00" N
- Long (DMS) 103° 53' 00" W
- Dominion Land Survey Section 21 - Township 18 - Range 14 West of the 2nd Meridian
- Time zone (cst) UTC-6
See also
Notes
- ^ Note: (a) the extraordinarily wide main street, in contemplation of the town's anticipated metropolitan importance; (b) the grain elevator (one of several) adjacent to the CPR tracks at the south end of Main Street; (c) the substantially brick rather than timber buildings, anticipating permanent importance for the town; (d) the signs and canvass awnings of the commercial establishments, indicating the considerable vitality of trade and commerce in turn-of-the-twentieth-century Qu'Appelle; (e) the fully occupied commercial lots along the street, since the 1950s incrementally vacated; (f) the horse-drawn vehicles drawn up along the street at the time of an obviously early-morning photo-shoot.
- ^ a b c d Qu'Appelle Historical Society (2006), Qu'Appelle : footprints to progress: a history of Qu'Appelle and district, republished online University of Calgary, Université Laval: Our Roots Nos Racines, p. 27
- ^ The Diocese of Qu'Appelle remains largely the same now as then, though a strip of the diocese which fell over the 1905 boundary between the new provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta was ceded to the Diocese of Calgary in the 1970s.
- ^ Pierre Berton, The Last Spike: The Great Railway 1881-1885 (Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 1973), 120.
- ^ David J. Hall, "North-West Territories," The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
- ^ "Item Display - Post Offices and Postmasters - Library and Archives Canada". Collections Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McLennan, David. "Qu'Appelle". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. CANADIAN PLAINS RESEARCH CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF REGINA. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ See Maria Campbell, Halfbreed (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1973)
- ^ Note photo of covered rink and equipment at Saskatchewan Settlement Experience: Life on the Prairies - Hockey
- ^ Photo at Saskatchewan Settlement Experience: "This group of people gathered for a picnic at St. John's College Farm in Qu'Appelle." Retrieved 13 July 2007.
- ^ Saskatchewan Settlement Experience: Photograph of Qu'Appelle Fair, 1898. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ^ Elizabeth Mooney, "Dominion Lands Act / Homestead Act," Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan, Retrieved 18 September 2008.
- ^ Note photo of display of cattle at the Qu'Appelle Fair, 1898 at [1].
- ^ Note photo of school concert in the "opera house" (in the Town Hall), 1920 at [2]
- ^ [Qu'Appelle Historical Society, Qu'Appelle: footprints to progress: a history of Qu'Appelle and district], Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, Qu'Appelle Historical Society, 1980.
- ^ [3] Anglican bishops of Canada: Qu'Appelle. Retrieved 6 May 2007.
- ^ "Church Maps Could Be Re-Drawn," Anglican Journal, 1 April 2007 Retrieved 28 April 2007.
- ^ Meredith Banting Best, Our roots: Early history of Saskatchewan churches, Book I (Regina: self-published, 1975), p.143. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
- ^ Best, p.146.
- ^ "St Andrew's Presbyterian Church," Town of Qu'Appelle website. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
- ^ Town of Qu'Appelle website.
- ^ Qu'Appelle Valley School District website. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ^ Town of Qu'Appelle website. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ^ "School locator". Qu'Appelle Valley School Division No. 139. Baragar Demographics. Baragar Online. 1990–2008. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ "Town of QU'APPELLE". Municipal Directory System. Government of Saskatchewan. 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "4706034 - South Qu'Appelle No. 157, geographical codes and localities ,2006". Statistics Canada. 2006-07-03. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Voter Information Service -". Elections Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "CTI". Retrieved 2008-09-18.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Fung, Ka-iu; Barry, Bill (1999), Atlas of Saskatchewan (Celebrating the Millenium Edition ed.), Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan, ISBN 0-88880-387-7
{{citation}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Shillington, C. Howard (1985), Historic Land Trails of Saskatchewan, West Vancouver, BC: Evvard Publications, ISBN 0-9692565-0-7
- ^ "radius of 20 km (12 mi) of Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan:". GeoNames Query - Current Names : Radius - Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan. Government of Canada. 2008-09-18. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, Canada". This is the world as we know it. Government of Canada. 2008-09-18. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); Text "Traveling Luck World Index" ignored (help) - ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000". The Green LaneTM,Environment Canada's World Wide Web Site. Government of Canada. 2004-02-25. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) [4] - ^ "Neil Schell". IMDb.com, Inc. 1990–2008. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ "The Honourable George H.V. Bulyea,1905-15". Lieutenant Governors. Heritage Communty Foundation. 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Vernon Barford". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Canadian Plains Research Center (2006). "Rawlinson, Edward A. (1912–92)". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. CANADIAN PLAINS RESEARCH CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF REGINA. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); Text "Search Results" ignored (help)
External links
- Postcard views of Qu'Appelle at the turn of the 20th century
- Saskatchewan Settlement Experience. Photos of early settlement, including in Qu'Appelle
- Town of Qu'Appelle website
- Sask Biz - Qu'Appelle
Places adjacent to Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | ||||||||||||||||
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50°32′28″N 103°52′26″W / 50.541°N 103.874°W
- ^ Adamson, J (Tuesday, 11-Nov-2003). "Saskatchewan, Canada, Rand McNally 1924 Indexed Pocket Map Tourists' and Shippers' Guide". Online Historical Map Digitization Project. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)