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{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1818–1830)}}
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{{nihongo|'''Bunsei'''|文政}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era| Japanese era name]]|年号,|''nengō'',|lit. "[[year]] name"}} after ''[[Bunka]]'' and before ''[[Tenpo|Tenpō]]''. This period spanned the years from [[1818]] through [[1830]]. The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Ninko of Japan|Ninkō]]''-tennō''|仁孝天皇}}.
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

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{{nihongo|'''Bunsei'''|文政}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era| Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Bunka]]'' and before ''[[Tenpō]]''. This period spanned the years from April 1818 through December 1830.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Bunsei''" {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 92|page=92}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Ninko of Japan|Ninkō]]''-tennō''|仁孝天皇}}.


==Change of era==
==Change of era==
* {{nihongo|'''''Bunsei gannen'''''|文政元年}}; [[April 22]], [[1818]]: The new era name was created to mark the enthronement of the emperor Emperor Ninko in ''Bunka'' 15.
* '''April 22, 1818''' ({{nihongo|''Bunsei gannen''|文政元年}}): The new era name was created to mark the enthronement of the emperor Emperor Ninko in ''Bunka'' 15.


The new era name was drawn from an aphorism attributed to the ancient Chinese emperor, Great [[Emperor Shun|Shun]] (大舜): "Shun reads the Heavens, and so brings together all seven governments" (舜察天'''文'''、斉七'''政''').
The new era name was drawn from an aphorism attributed to the ancient Chinese emperor, Great [[Emperor Shun|Shun]] (大舜): "Shun reads the Heavens, and so brings together all seven governments" (舜察天'''文'''、斉七'''政''').


==Events of the ''Bunsei'' era==
==Events of the ''Bunsei'' era==
* '''''Bunsei 5''''' ([[1822]]): Edo was struck with 150 earthquake tremors over three days.<ref name="h63">Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [http://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yokohama+burning&sig=rbgbEDXJV5fht4wdSD1HBoAMANg#PPA63,M1 ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II,'' p. 63.]</ref>
* '''1822''' (''Bunsei 5''): Edo was struck with 150 earthquake tremors over three days.<ref name="h63">Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II'', p. 63.]</ref>
* '''''Bunsei 6''''' ([[August 11]], [[1823]]): German flora- and fauna-taxonomist [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]] arrives at [[Dejima]] as new physician for the Dutch trading post in Nagasaki harbor. ''[[Bakufu]]'' policy in this era was designed to marginalize the influence of foreigners in ''Bunsei'' Japan; however, an unintended and opposite consequence of ''[[sakoku]]'' was to enhance the value and significance of a very small number of thoughtful observers like von Siebold, whose writings document what he learned or discovered first-hand. Von Siebold's published accounts and unpublished writings provided a unique and useful perspective for [[Orientalists]] and [[Japanologists]] in the 19th century; and his work continues to be rigorously examined by modern researchers today.<ref>Screech, T. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822,'' p. 73.</ref>
* '''August 11, 1823''' (''Bunsei 6, 6th day of the 7th month''):<!-- NengoCalc 文政六年七月六日 --> German flora- and fauna-taxonomist [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]] arrives at [[Dejima]] as new physician for the Dutch trading post in Nagasaki harbor. ''[[Bakufu]]'' policy in this era was designed to marginalize the influence of foreigners in ''Bunsei'' Japan; however, an unintended and opposite consequence of ''[[sakoku]]'' was to enhance the value and significance of a very small number of thoughtful observers like von Siebold, whose writings document what he learned or discovered first-hand. Von Siebold's published accounts and unpublished writings provided a unique and useful perspective for [[Orientalists]] and [[Japanologists]] in the 19th century; and his work continues to be rigorously examined by modern researchers today.<ref>Screech, T. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822'', p. 73.</ref>
* '''''Bunsei 13''''', on the 25th day of the 7th month ([[August 13]], [[1830]]): Earthquake at Kyoto (Latitude: 35.000/Longitude: 136.000), no [[Richter Scale]] magnitude suggested by available data.<ref>Online "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)</ref>[http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov ...Click link for NOAA/Japan: Significant Earthquake Database]
* '''August 13, 1830''' (''Bunsei 13, 25th day of the 6th month''):<!-- NengoCalc 文政十三年六月二十五日 --> Earthquake at Kyoto (Latitude: 35.000/Longitude: 136.000), no [[Richter Scale]] magnitude suggested by available data.<ref>[http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov "Significant Earthquake Database"] U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)</ref>

==Notes==
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{{Reflist|1}}


==References==
==References==
* Hammer, Joshua. (2006). ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II.'' New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]. {{ISBN|9780743264655}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67774380 OCLC 67774380]
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{{reflist|1}}
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Timon Screech|Screech, Timon.]] (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822.''] London: [[RoutledgeCurzon]]. {{ISBN|978-0-203-09985-8}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65177072 OCLC 65177072]


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===See also===
* Screech, Timon. (2006). '''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822.'' London.
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* ''[[An'ei]]'' – [[Carl Peter Thunberg]], [[Isaac Titsingh]]
* Siebold, Philipp Franz. (18__). ''Fauna Japonica.'' Leiden.
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* ''[[Genroku]]'' – [[Engelbert Kaempfer]]
* Siebold, Philipp Franz. (18__). ''Flora Japonica.'' Leiden.


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== External links ==
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====See also====
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* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ – historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
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* ''[[An'ei]]'' -- [[Carl Peter Thunberg]], [[Isaac Titsingh]]
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* ''[[Genroku]]'' -- [[Engelbert Kaempfer]]


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{{s-start}}
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====External links====
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* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

<center>
{| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|----- style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;text-align:right"
| Bunsei || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th || 5th || 6th || 7th || 8th || 9th || 10th || 11th || 12th || 13th
|----- style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"
| [[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]]
| [[1818]] || [[1819]] || [[1820]] || [[1821]] || [[1822]] || [[1823]] || [[1824]] || [[1825]] || [[1826]] || [[1827]] || [[1828]] || [[1829]] || [[1830]]
|}
</center>
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{{start box}}
{{succession box
{{succession box
|before=[[Bunka]]
| before = {{nihongo|[[Bunka]]|文化}}
|title=[[Japanese era name |Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Bunsei
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>{{nihongo|Bunsei|文政}}
|years=[[1818]] – [[1830]]
| years = 1818–1830
|after=[[Tenpo| Tenpō]]
| after = {{nihongo|[[Tenpō]]|天保}}
}}
}}
{{end box}}
{{s-end}}



{{Japanese era name}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bunsei}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bunsei}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1810s in Japan]]

[[Category:1820s in Japan]]

[[Category:1830s in Japan]]
{{Japan-era-stub}}

[[es:Era Bunsei]]
[[fr:Ère Bunsei]]
[[ko:분세이]]
[[ia:Bunsei]]
[[ja:文政]]
[[sv:Bunsei]]
[[zh:文政]]

Latest revision as of 17:52, 12 April 2024

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Bunsei (文政) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Bunka and before Tenpō. This period spanned the years from April 1818 through December 1830.[1] The reigning emperor was Ninkō-tennō (仁孝天皇).

Change of era[edit]

  • April 22, 1818 (Bunsei gannen (文政元年)): The new era name was created to mark the enthronement of the emperor Emperor Ninko in Bunka 15.

The new era name was drawn from an aphorism attributed to the ancient Chinese emperor, Great Shun (大舜): "Shun reads the Heavens, and so brings together all seven governments" (舜察天文、斉七政).

Events of the Bunsei era[edit]

  • 1822 (Bunsei 5): Edo was struck with 150 earthquake tremors over three days.[2]
  • August 11, 1823 (Bunsei 6, 6th day of the 7th month): German flora- and fauna-taxonomist Philipp Franz von Siebold arrives at Dejima as new physician for the Dutch trading post in Nagasaki harbor. Bakufu policy in this era was designed to marginalize the influence of foreigners in Bunsei Japan; however, an unintended and opposite consequence of sakoku was to enhance the value and significance of a very small number of thoughtful observers like von Siebold, whose writings document what he learned or discovered first-hand. Von Siebold's published accounts and unpublished writings provided a unique and useful perspective for Orientalists and Japanologists in the 19th century; and his work continues to be rigorously examined by modern researchers today.[3]
  • August 13, 1830 (Bunsei 13, 25th day of the 6th month): Earthquake at Kyoto (Latitude: 35.000/Longitude: 136.000), no Richter Scale magnitude suggested by available data.[4]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Bunsei" Japan Encyclopedia, p. 92, p. 92, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
  2. ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 63.
  3. ^ Screech, T. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, p. 73.
  4. ^ "Significant Earthquake Database" U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)

References[edit]

  • Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743264655; OCLC 67774380
  • Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
  • Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-203-09985-8; OCLC 65177072

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

Preceded by
Bunka (文化)
 Era or nengō
Bunsei (文政)
1818–1830 		Succeeded by
Tenpō (天保)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunsei&oldid=1218600949"