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{{Short description|Body which oversees elections}}
{{Short description|Body which oversees elections}}
{{About|bodies which oversee elections|bodies which elect people to particular offices|Electoral college}}
{{About|bodies which oversee elections|bodies which elect people to particular offices|Electoral college}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2012}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2012}}
{{Politics sidebar|expanded=Organs of government}}
{{Politics sidebar|expanded=Organs of government}}
An '''election commission''' is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an '''electoral commission''',<ref name=AEC>{{cite web | url=http://www.aec.gov.au/ | title=Australian Electoral Commission | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> a '''central'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://electionresources.org/eastern.europe.html#LV | title=Elections to the Latvian Saeima (Parliament) | last=Alvarez-Rivera | first=Manuel | website=Election Resources on the Internet | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> or '''state election commission''',<ref name=SCVotes /> an '''election board''',<ref name=OSEB>{{cite web | url=https://www.ok.gov/elections/ | title=Oklahoma State Election Board | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> an '''electoral council'''<ref name=TSEC /> or an '''electoral court'''.<ref name="Brazil TSE">{{cite web | url=http://english.tse.jus.br/the-electoral-justice/the-electoral-justice-1/the-electoral-justice | title=Superior Electoral Court, Brazil (TSE) | access-date=December 15, 2018 | archive-date=November 16, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116143742/http://english.tse.jus.br/the-electoral-justice/the-electoral-justice-1/the-electoral-justice | url-status=dead }}</ref> Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral [[boundary delimitation]]. In [[federation]]s there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner{{According to whom|date=November 2021}}.
An '''election commission''' is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an '''electoral commission''',<ref name=AEC>{{cite web | url=http://www.aec.gov.au/ | title=Australian Electoral Commission | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> a '''central'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://electionresources.org/eastern.europe.html#LV | title=Elections to the Latvian Saeima (Parliament) | last=Alvarez-Rivera | first=Manuel | website=Election Resources on the Internet | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> or '''state election commission''',<ref name="SC"/> or an '''election board''',<ref name=OSEB>{{cite web | url=https://www.ok.gov/elections/ | title=Oklahoma State Election Board | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> an '''electoral council'''<ref name="TSEC"/> or an '''electoral court'''.<ref name="Brazil TSE">{{cite web | url=http://english.tse.jus.br/the-electoral-justice/the-electoral-justice-1/the-electoral-justice | title=Superior Electoral Court, Brazil (TSE) | access-date=December 15, 2018 | archive-date=November 16, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116143742/http://english.tse.jus.br/the-electoral-justice/the-electoral-justice-1/the-electoral-justice | url-status=dead }}</ref> Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral [[boundary delimitation]]. In [[federation]]s there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner{{According to whom|date=November 2021}}.


==Electoral models==
==Electoral models==
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==List of election commissions==
==List of election commissions==
{{Div col}}
*{{flag|Afghanistan}}
*{{flag|Afghanistan}}
**[[Independent Election Commission]] (defunct since 2021)
**[[Independent Election Commission]] (defunct since 2021)
**[[Election Complaints Commission]] (defunct since 2021)
**[[Election Complaints Commission]] (defunct since 2021)
*{{flag|Albania}} [[Central Election Commission of Albania|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Albania}}: [[Central Election Commission of Albania|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Argentina}}
*{{flag|Argentina}}
**[[Dirección Nacional Electoral]]
**[[Dirección Nacional Electoral]]
**[[Cámara Nacional Electoral]]
**[[Cámara Nacional Electoral]]
*{{flag|Australia}} [[Australian Electoral Commission]]<ref name=AEC />
*{{flag|Australia}}: [[Australian Electoral Commission]]<ref name=AEC />
**{{flag|Australian Capital Territory}} [[Australian Capital Territory Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Australian Capital Territory}}: [[Australian Capital Territory Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|New South Wales}} [[New South Wales Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|New South Wales}}: [[New South Wales Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Northern Territory}} [[Northern Territory Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Northern Territory}}: [[Northern Territory Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Queensland}} [[Electoral Commission of Queensland|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Queensland}}: [[Electoral Commission of Queensland|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|South Australia}} [[Electoral Commission of South Australia|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|South Australia}}: [[Electoral Commission of South Australia|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Tasmania}} [[Tasmanian Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Tasmania}}: [[Tasmanian Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Victoria}} [[Victorian Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Victoria}}: [[Victorian Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Western Australia}} [[Western Australian Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
**{{flag|Western Australia}}: [[Western Australian Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh Election Commission|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Bangladesh}}: [[Bangladesh Election Commission|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Belarus}} [[Central Election Commission of Belarus|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Belarus}}: [[Central Election Commission of Belarus|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Belize}} [[Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission|Elections and Boundaries Commission]]
*{{flag|Belize}}: [[Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission|Elections and Boundaries Commission]]
*{{flag|Bolivia}}
*{{flag|Bolivia}}
**[[Plurinational Electoral Organ]] (since 2010)
**[[Plurinational Electoral Organ]] (since 2010)
**''[[National Electoral Court of Bolivia|National Electoral Court]]'' (defunct since 2010)
**''[[National Electoral Court of Bolivia|National Electoral Court]]'' (defunct since 2010)
*{{flag|Belgium}} [[Federal Public Service Interior]]
*{{flag|Belgium}}: [[Federal Public Service Interior]]
*{{flag|Brazil}} [[Superior Electoral Court]]<ref name="Brazil TSE" />
*{{flag|Brazil}}: [[Superior Electoral Court]]<ref name="Brazil TSE" />
**[[Regional Electoral Courts]]
**[[Regional Electoral Courts]]
*{{flag|Cambodia}} [[National Election Committee (Cambodia)|National Election Committee]]
*{{flag|Cambodia}}: [[National Election Committee (Cambodia)|National Election Committee]]
*{{flag|Canada}} [[Elections Canada]]
*{{flag|Canada}}: [[Elections Canada]]
**[[Élections Québec]]
**[[Élections Québec]]
**[[Elections Alberta]]
**[[Elections Alberta]]
Line 65: Line 65:
**[[Elections Saskatchewan]]
**[[Elections Saskatchewan]]
**[[Elections Yukon]]
**[[Elections Yukon]]
*{{flag|Chile}} [[Electoral Service]]
*{{flag|Chile}}: [[Electoral Service]]
*{{flag|China }} (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) [[Election Committee (China)|Election Committee]]s for Local People's Congress elections only
*{{flag|China }} (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) [[Election Committee (China)|Election Committee]]s for Local People's Congress elections only
*{{flag|Colombia}} [[National Electoral Council of Colombia|National Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Colombia}}: [[National Electoral Council of Colombia|National Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Costa Rica}} [[Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica|Supreme Electoral Court]]
*{{flag|Costa Rica}}: [[Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica|Supreme Electoral Court]]
*{{flag|Cuba}} {{ill|National Election Council|es|Consejo Electoral Nacional de Cuba}}
*{{flag|Cuba}}: {{ill|National Election Council|es|Consejo Electoral Nacional de Cuba}}
*{{flag|Cyprus}} [[Central Elections Office]]
*{{flag|Cyprus}}: [[Central Elections Office]]
*{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Independent National Electoral Commission (DRC)|Independent National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}: [[Independent National Electoral Commission (DRC)|Independent National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Ecuador}}
*{{flag|Ecuador}}
**[[National Electoral Council (Ecuador)|National Electoral Council]]
**[[National Electoral Council (Ecuador)|National Electoral Council]]
**{{ill|Electoral Contentious Tribunal|es|Tribunal Contencioso Electoral}}
**{{ill|Electoral Contentious Tribunal|es|Tribunal Contencioso Electoral}}
*{{flag|Egypt}} [[High Elections Committee]]
*{{flag|Egypt}}: [[High Elections Committee]]
*{{flag|Ethiopia}} [[National Election Board of Ethiopia|National Election Board]]
*{{flag|Ethiopia}}: [[National Election Board of Ethiopia|National Election Board]]
*{{flag|Fiji}} [[Electoral Commission (Fiji)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Fiji}}: [[Electoral Commission (Fiji)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|France}} [[Constitutional Council of France|Constitutional Council]]
*{{flag|France}}: [[Constitutional Council of France|Constitutional Council]]
*{{flag|Germany}} [[Federal Returning Officer]]
*{{flag|Germany}}: [[Federal Returning Officer]]
*{{flag|Ghana}} [[Electoral Commission of Ghana|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Ghana}}: [[Electoral Commission of Ghana|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Guyana}} [[Guyana Elections Commission|Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Guyana}}: [[Guyana Elections Commission|Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Haiti}} [[Provisional Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Haiti}}: [[Provisional Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Hong Kong}} [[Electoral Affairs Commission]]
*{{flag|Hong Kong}}: [[Electoral Affairs Commission]]
*{{flag|Iceland}} [[National Electoral Commission of Iceland|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Iceland}}: [[National Electoral Commission of Iceland|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|India}} [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|India}}: [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Indonesia}} [[General Elections Commission (Indonesia)|General Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Indonesia}}: [[General Elections Commission (Indonesia)|General Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Iran}} [[Guardian Council]]
*{{flag|Iran}}: [[Guardian Council]]
*{{flag|Iraq}} [[Independent High Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Iraq}}: [[Independent High Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Ireland}} [[Electoral Commission (Ireland)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Ireland}}: [[Electoral Commission (Ireland)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Israel}} [[Central Elections Committee]]
*{{flag|Israel}}: [[Central Elections Committee]]
*{{flag|Italy}} [[Central Directorate for Electoral Services]]
*{{flag|Italy}}: [[Central Directorate for Electoral Services]]
*{{flag|Japan}} [[Central Election Management Council]]
*{{flag|Japan}}: [[Central Election Management Council]]
*{{flag|Jordan}} [[Independent Election Commission (Jordan)|Independent Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Jordan}}: [[Independent Election Commission (Jordan)|Independent Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Kazakhstan}} [[Central Election Commission (Kazakhstan)|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Kazakhstan}}: [[Central Election Commission (Kazakhstan)|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Kenya}}
*{{flag|Kenya}}
**[[Interim Independent Electoral Commission of Kenya|Interim Independent Electoral Commission]] (since 2008)
**[[Interim Independent Electoral Commission of Kenya|Interim Independent Electoral Commission]] (since 2008)
**''[[Electoral Commission of Kenya|Electoral Commission]]'' (defunct since 2008)
**''[[Electoral Commission of Kenya|Electoral Commission]]'' (defunct since 2008)
*{{flag|Kosovo}} {{ill|Central Election Commission (Kosovo)|sq|Komisioni Qendror i Zgjedhjeve (Kosovë)}}
*{{flag|Kosovo}}: {{ill|Central Election Commission (Kosovo)|sq|Komisioni Qendror i Zgjedhjeve (Kosovë)}}
*{{flag|Laos}} [[National Election Committee (Lao)]]
*{{flag|Laos}}: [[National Election Committee (Lao)]]
*{{flag|Liberia}} [[National Elections Commission of Liberia|National Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Liberia}}: [[National Elections Commission of Liberia|National Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Libya}} [[High National Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Libya}}: [[High National Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Macau}} [[Electoral Affairs Commission (Macau)]]
*{{flag|Macau}}: [[Electoral Affairs Commission (Macau)]]
*{{flag|Malaysia}} [[Election Commission of Malaysia|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Malaysia}}: [[Election Commission of Malaysia|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Malta}} [[Electoral Commission (Malta)|Electoral Commission]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Electoral Commission Malta |url=https}}//electoral.gov.mt/ |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref>
*{{flag|Malta}}: [[Electoral Commission (Malta)|Electoral Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electoral Commission of Malta Welcome to the portal of the Electoral Commission of Malta |url=https://electoral.gov.mt/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=electoral.gov.mt}}</ref>
*{{flag|Mexico}}
*{{flag|Mexico}}
**[[National Electoral Institute]]
**[[National Electoral Institute]]
**[[Federal Electoral Tribunal]]
**[[Federal Electoral Tribunal]]
*{{flag|Moldova}} [[Central Election Commission of Moldova|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Moldova}}: [[Central Election Commission of Moldova|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Myanmar}} [[Union Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Myanmar}} [[Union Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Nepal}} [[Election Commission of Nepal|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Nepal}}: [[Election Commission of Nepal|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Netherlands}} {{ill|Electoral Council|nl|Kiesraad}}
*{{flag|Netherlands}}: {{ill|Electoral Council|nl|Kiesraad}}
*{{flag|New Zealand}} [[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|New Zealand}}: [[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Nicaragua}} [[Supreme Electoral Council of Nicaragua|Supreme Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Nicaragua}}: [[Supreme Electoral Council of Nicaragua|Supreme Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Nigeria}} [[Independent National Electoral Commission of Nigeria|Independent National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Nigeria}}: [[Independent National Electoral Commission of Nigeria|Independent National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|North Korea}} [[Central Election Committee (North Korea)]]<ref>{{cite web| url =https}}//kcnawatch.org/newstream/1551958353-863379939/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C-%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84/|trans-title=Report of the Central Election Committee| agency=[[Korean Central News Agency]]| access-date = 7 March 2019| date = 7 March 2019 | script-title=ko}}중앙선거위원회 보도| language = ko|title=Newstream}}</ref>
*{{flag|North Korea}}: [[Central Election Committee (North Korea)]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of Central Election Committee in DPRK Issued |url=https://dprktoday.com/abroad/news/13883?lang= |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=dprktoday.com}}</ref>
*{{flag|Northern Cyprus}} [[High Electoral Board]]
*{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}: [[High Electoral Board]]
*{{flag|Norway}} [[Norwegian Directorate of Elections]]
*{{flag|Norway}}: [[Norwegian Directorate of Elections]]
*{{flag|Pakistan}} [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Pakistan}}: [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Palestine}} [[Elections_in_Palestine#Central_Elections_Commission|Central Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Palestine}}: [[Elections in Palestine#Central Elections Commission|Central Elections Commission]]
*{{flag|Philippines}} [[Philippines Commission on Elections|Commission on Elections]]
*{{flag|Philippines}}: [[Philippines Commission on Elections|Commission on Elections]]
**Once a winner is proclaimed, only these tribunals can rule on election matters
**Once a winner is proclaimed, only these tribunals can rule on election matters
***{{flag|Philippines}} [[Presidential Electoral Tribunal]] (entirely composed of the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]])
***{{flag|Philippines}}: [[Presidential Electoral Tribunal]] (entirely composed of the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]])
***|[[Senate Electoral Tribunal]]
***[[Senate Electoral Tribunal]]
***[[House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal]]
***[[House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal]]
***[[Regional Trial Court]]s for local officials
***[[Regional Trial Court]]s for local officials
*{{flag|Poland}} [[National Electoral Commission (Poland)|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Poland}}: [[National Electoral Commission (Poland)|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Portugal}} {{ill|National Elections Commission (Portugal)|pt|Comissão Nacional de Eleições}}
*{{flag|Portugal}}: {{ill|National Elections Commission (Portugal)|pt|Comissão Nacional de Eleições}}
*{{flag|Russia}} [[Central Election Commission of Russia|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Russia}}: [[Central Election Commission of Russia|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Singapore}} [[Elections Department]]
*{{flag|Singapore}}: [[Elections Department]]
*{{flag|Slovenia}} [[State Election Commission (Slovenia)|State Election Commission]] ''(Državna volilna komisija)''
*{{flag|Slovenia}}: [[State Election Commission (Slovenia)|State Election Commission]] ''(Državna volilna komisija)''
*{{flag|Somaliland}} [[National Electoral Commission (Somaliland)|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Somaliland}}: [[National Electoral Commission (Somaliland)|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|South Africa}} [[Independent Electoral Commission of South Africa|Independent Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|South Africa}}: [[Independent Electoral Commission of South Africa|Independent Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|South Korea}} [[National Election Commission of South Korea|National Election Commission]]
*{{flag|South Korea}}: [[National Election Commission of South Korea|National Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Spain}} [[Junta Electoral Central]]
*{{flag|Spain}}: [[Junta Electoral Central]]
*{{flag|Sri Lanka}} [[Election Commission of Sri Lanka]]
*{{flag|Sri Lanka}}: [[Election Commission of Sri Lanka]]
*{{flag|Sweden}} [[Election Authority of Sweden|Election Authority]]
*{{flag|Sweden}}: [[Election Authority of Sweden|Election Authority]]
*{{flag|Taiwan (Republic of China)}} [[Central Election Commission of the Republic of China|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Taiwan}}: [[Central Election Commission (Taiwan)|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Tanzania }} [[National Electoral Commission (Tanzania)|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Tanzania }}: [[National Electoral Commission (Tanzania)|National Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Thailand}} [[Election Commission of Thailand|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Thailand}}: [[Election Commission of Thailand|Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Tunisia}} [[Independent High Authority for Elections]]
*{{flag|Tunisia}}: [[Independent High Authority for Elections]]
*{{flag|Turkey}} [[Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey]]<ref name=TSEC>{{cite web | url=http}}//www.ysk.gov.tr/en/welcome/1788 | title=T.C. Yüksek Seçim Kurulu | trans-title=Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
*{{flag|Turkey}}: [[Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey]]<ref name="TSEC">{{Cite web |title=YSK Web Portal |url=https://www.ysk.gov.tr/en/supreme-election-council/1841 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.ysk.gov.tr}}</ref>
*{{flag|Ukraine}} [[Central Election Commission of Ukraine|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|Ukraine}}: [[Central Election Commission of Ukraine|Central Election Commission]]
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} [[Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}: [[Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|United States}}
*{{flag|United States}}
**[[Election Assistance Commission]], serves as a national clearinghouse and resource regarding election administration, establishes best practices, and provides financial aid to state electoral systems.
**[[Election Assistance Commission]], serves as a national clearinghouse and resource regarding election administration, establishes best practices, and provides financial aid to state electoral systems.
**[[Federal Election Commission]], regulates campaign finance legislation
**[[Federal Election Commission]], regulates campaign finance legislation
**[[Electoral Commission (United States)|Electoral Commission]], a special commission for the [[1876 United States presidential election|1876 presidential election]]
**[[Electoral Commission (United States)|Electoral Commission]], a special commission for the [[1876 United States presidential election|1876 presidential election]]
**{{flag|Florida}} [[Florida Election Commission]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http}}//www.fec.state.fl.us | title=Florida Elections Commission | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|Florida}}: [[Florida Election Commission]]
**{{flag|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii Elections Commission]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https}}//elections.hawaii.gov/about-us/boards-and-commissions/elections-commission/ | title=Office of Elections}} Elections Commission}} About Us | website=State of Hawaii | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|Hawaii}}: [[Hawaii Elections Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=State of Hawaii Office of Elections |url=https://elections.hawaii.gov/about-us/boards-and-commissions/elections-commission/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |website=Elections Commission}}</ref>
**{{flag|Illinois}} [[Illinois State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https}}//www.elections.il.gov/ | title=Illinois State Board of Elections | access-date=December 15, 2018 | archive-date=June 21, 2019 | archive-url=https}}//web.archive.org/web/20190621154554/https}}//www.elections.il.gov/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
**{{flag|Illinois}}: [[Illinois State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Elections |url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |website=Illinois State Board of Elections |archive-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621154554/https://www.elections.il.gov/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**{{flag|Maryland}} [[Maryland State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https}}//elections.maryland.gov | title=Maryland, The State Board of Elections | website=Maryland.org}} State of Maryland | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|Maryland}}: [[Maryland State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryland State Board of Elections |url=https://elections.maryland.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=elections.maryland.gov}}</ref>
**{{flag|New York}} [[New York State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https}}//www.elections.ny.gov | title=New York State, Board of Elections | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|New York}}: [[New York State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Elections |url=https://www.elections.ny.gov/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |website=New York State Board of Elections}}</ref>
**{{flag|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https}}//www.ncsbe.gov/index.html | title=North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|North Carolina}}: [[North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page {{!}} NCSBE |url=https://www.ncsbe.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=North Carolina State Board of Elections}}</ref>
**{{flag|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma State Election Board]]<ref name=OSEB />
**{{flag|Oklahoma}}: [[Oklahoma State Election Board]]<ref name=OSEB />
**{{flag|Puerto Rico}} [[State Elections Commission of Puerto Rico|State Elections Commission]]
**{{flag|Puerto Rico}}: [[State Elections Commission of Puerto Rico|State Elections Commission]]
**{{flag|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina State Election Commission]]<ref name=SCVotes>{{cite web | url=https}}//www.scvotes.org/about-sec | title=SC State Election Commission}} About Us | website=SCVotes | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|South Carolina}}: [[South Carolina State Election Commission]]<ref name=SC>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://scvotes.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=SC Votes - South Carolina Election Commission |language=en-US}}</ref>
**{{flag|Virginia}} [[Virginia State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https}}//www.elections.virginia.gov/board/index.html | title=Commonwealth of Virginia}} Department of Elections}} State Board of Elections | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|Virginia}}: [[Virginia State Board of Elections]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Virginia Department of Elections - Home |url=https://www.elections.virginia.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.elections.virginia.gov}}</ref>
**{{flag|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin Elections Commission]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https}}//elections.wi.gov | title=Wisconsin Elections Commission | access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref>
**{{flag|Wisconsin}}: [[Wisconsin Elections Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Wisconsin Elections Commission |url=https://elections.wi.gov/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=elections.wi.gov |language=en}}</ref>
*{{flag|Uruguay}} [[Electoral Court (Uruguay)|Electoral Court]]
*{{flag|Uruguay}}: [[Electoral Court (Uruguay)|Electoral Court]]
*{{flag|Venezuela}} [[National Electoral Council of Venezuela|National Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Venezuela}}: [[National Electoral Council of Venezuela|National Electoral Council]]
*{{flag|Vietnam}} [[National Election Council (Vietnam)]]
*{{flag|Vietnam}}: [[National Election Council (Vietnam)]]
*{{flag|Zimbabwe}} [[Zimbabwe Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
*{{flag|Zimbabwe}}: [[Zimbabwe Electoral Commission|Electoral Commission]]
{{Div col end}}


== Election commissions in Africa ==
== Election commissions in Africa ==

Latest revision as of 17:29, 18 March 2024

This article is about bodies which oversee elections. For bodies which elect people to particular offices, see Electoral college.
Part of the Politics series
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An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission,[1] a central[2] or state election commission,[3] or an election board,[4] an electoral council[5] or an electoral court.[6] Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner[according to whom?].

Electoral models[edit]

Independent model[edit]

In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa.

Branch model[edit]

In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch, and is usually a constitutionally-recognized separate branch of government, with its members appointed by either the executive or the legislative branch. Countries with an electoral branch include Bolivia, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua and Venezuela.

Mixed model[edit]

In the mixed-model there is an independent board to determine policy, but implementation is usually a matter for an executive department with varying degrees of supervision by the independent board. Countries with such a model include Cameroon, France, Germany, Japan, Senegal and Spain.

Executive model[edit]

In the executive model the election commission is directed by a cabinet minister as part of the executive branch of government, and may include local government authorities acting as agents of the central body. Countries with this model include Denmark, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia.

In the United States, elections for federal, state, and local offices are run by the executive branch of each state government.[7]

Judicial model[edit]

In the judicial model the election commission is closely supervised by and ultimately responsible to a special "electoral court". Countries with such a model include Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.

List of election commissions[edit]

Election commissions in Africa[edit]

As of 2021, 53 out of 55 African nations (save for Eritrea and Somalia, which do not hold elections) use or have used election commissions to organize and supervise their elections. First introduced in the Sudan in 1957, election commissions were created across the continent especially after many African nations introduced a system of multi-party democracy in the early 1990s.[17]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Australian Electoral Commission". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  2. ^ Alvarez-Rivera, Manuel. "Elections to the Latvian Saeima (Parliament)". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Home". SC Votes - South Carolina Election Commission. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  4. ^ a b "Oklahoma State Election Board". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  5. ^ a b "YSK Web Portal". www.ysk.gov.tr. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  6. ^ a b "Superior Electoral Court, Brazil (TSE)". Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  7. ^ "About Us". Florida Division of Elections. Florida Department of State. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  8. ^ "Electoral Commission of Malta Welcome to the portal of the Electoral Commission of Malta". electoral.gov.mt. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  9. ^ "Report of Central Election Committee in DPRK Issued". dprktoday.com. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  10. ^ "State of Hawaii Office of Elections". Elections Commission. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  11. ^ "Board of Elections". Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on 2019-06-21. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  12. ^ "Maryland State Board of Elections". elections.maryland.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  13. ^ "Board of Elections". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  14. ^ "Home Page | NCSBE". North Carolina State Board of Elections. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  15. ^ "Virginia Department of Elections - Home". www.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  16. ^ "Wisconsin Elections Commission". elections.wi.gov. 2022-04-04. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  17. ^ Marzin, Régis (2021). Les commissions électorales et le retour du multipartisme entre 1990 et 1994 en Afrique, Historique des commissions électorales de 1957 à 2021 (in French).

External links[edit]

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