Abdülhak Hamid Tarhan

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Abdülhak Hamid Tarhan

Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan ( Ottoman عبد الحق حامد İA ʿAbdü'l-Ḥaḳḳ Ḥāmid ; * January 2, 1852 in the Istanbul district of Bebek ; † April 13, 1937 in Istanbul ) was an author , diplomat and politician of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey .

Family and childhood

Abdülhak Hâmid (he only used the name Tarhan since the introduction of the family name in Turkey in 1935 ) came from a respected family of religious scholars and doctors. His paternal grandfather, Abdülhak Molla , as well as his grandfather Büyük Hayrullah Efendi and older brother Mustafa Behçet Efendi were the Sultan's chief physicians ( Turkish hekimbaşı ). Abdülhak Hâmid's father Hayrullah Efendi was also a doctor and politician, but is best known today as a historian. His mother, Müntehâ Nasib Hanım, came from the Caucasus and had come to Istanbul as a slave .

At the age of ten, Abdülhak Hâmid accompanied his older brother Abdülhâlik Nasûhi Bey to Paris and attended a private school there for about a year and a half. He was also tutored by Hasan Tahsini . In 1864 he returned to Istanbul and the following year accompanied his father to Tehran , where he served as the Ottoman ambassador. After the unexpected death of his father a year later, the family returned to Istanbul.

Career

After the death of his father, Abdülhak Hâmid worked for several years at various government agencies, where he met the publicist and author Ebüzziya Tevfik , who brought him into contact with other writers such as Namık Kemal . In 1874 he married Fatma Hanım from the Pîrîzâde family.

From 1876 to 1878 Abdülhak Hâmid was second secretary at the Ottoman Embassy in Paris. Because of a play critical of the government, which he published during this time, the post was withdrawn from him, and he had to get by for several years without a permanent position, which brought him into economic difficulties. In 1880, however, he turned down a position offered to him as secretary at the embassy in Berlin.

In 1883 he went to Mumbai as Ottoman consul , where Indian culture exerted a great influence on his poetic work. Because of his wife's tuberculosis illness, he started with her in 1885 on the journey home to Istanbul; however, she died on the way. He processed his grief in poems like Makber ("The Grave").

On his return to Istanbul he got a job as the top secretary of the Ottoman embassy in London . In 1890 he married his second wife, the Englishwoman Nelly Clower. He continued his literary activity, but again came into conflict with the strict censorship under the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II and was initially dismissed. Thanks to the intervention of influential friends, he was reinstated and even promoted shortly thereafter, but had to undertake to refrain from any further publication of his works.

In 1895 he was transferred to The Hague for two years , but then returned to London. In 1906 he was appointed ambassador in Brussels . After Nelly's death, he married his third wife, Lucienne, a Belgian, there in 1911.

At the beginning of the second Ottoman constitutional period in 1908, Abdülhak Hâmid was allowed to publish again. After the fall of the Young Turkish government in 1912, however, he was dismissed from the diplomatic service and returned to Istanbul, where he lived through two more difficult years. From 1914 to 1918 he was a member of the Senate ( Meclis-i A'yân ). After the dissolution of parliament as a result of the Ottoman defeat in World War I and the Mudros armistice , he lived penniless in Vienna and only returned to Istanbul after the end of the Turkish War of Independence . Because of his services to his homeland, he received a monthly pension and an apartment in the Maçka Palas in Istanbul's posh Nişantaşı district .

In 1928 he was elected as a member of the Turkish parliament and held this office until his death in 1937. He is buried in the Zincirlikuyu cemetery in the Şişli district of Istanbul .

Works

Poems

  • Sahra (The Open Land, 1879)
  • Makber (The Grave, 1885)
  • Ölü (The Dead, 1885)
  • Hacle (The Bridal Chamber , 1886)
  • Bunlar Odur (That's them, 1885)
  • Divaneliklerim Yahut Belde (My Follies or the City, 1885)
  • Bir Sefirenin Hasbihali ( effusion of the heart of a dissolute girl, 1886)
  • Bala'dan Bir Ses (1912), Ottoman original version (PDF)
  • Validem (1913), Ottoman original version (PDF)
  • İlham-ı Vatan (1916)
  • Tayflar Geçidi (1917)
  • Ruhlar (1922)
  • Garam (1923).

Plays

  • Macera-yı Aşk (1873)
  • Sabr-u Sebat (1875)
  • İçli Kız (1875)
  • Duhter-i Hindu (1876)
  • Nazife (1876)
  • Nesteren (The Daffodil, 1878)
  • Tarık Yahut Endülüs'ün Fethi (Tarik or the Conquest of Andalusia, 1879)
  • Tezer Yahut Abdurrahman-ı Salis (1880)
  • Eşber (1880)
  • Zeynep (1908)
  • İlhan (1913)
  • Liberte (1913)
  • Finten (1916)
  • İbn-i Musa Yahut Zadülcemal (1917)
  • Sardanapal (1917)
  • Abdüllahi's Sağir (1917)
  • Yadigar-ı Harb (1917)
  • Hakan (1935)
  • Cünun-ı Aşk (1917)
  • Kanuni'nin Vicdan Azabı (1937).

memoirs

  • Abdülhak Hâmid'in Hatıraları ("Abdülhak Hâmids Memoirs"), edited by İnci Enginün. Dergâh Yayınları, Istanbul 1994, ISBN 975-7462-75-6 , a compiled edition of the following journal articles translated into Latin script:
    • Hayat ve Hatıratım ("My life and my memories", series of articles in the İkdam newspapers , January 28 to June 26, 1924, and Vakit , July 6, 1924 to March 17, 1925)
    • Üstad-ı Azam'ın Hususi Rûznamelerinden Sahifeler ("From the private diaries of the Great Master", article series in the newspaper Vakit , March 28 to May 10, 1925)
    • Eserlerimi Nasıl Yazdım ("How I wrote my works", series of articles in Resimli Ay magazine , No. 53–56, July – October 1928)

literature

German

Turkish

  • Emin Ali Çavlı: Abdülhak Hâmid'in doğum tarihi . In: Tarih Hazinesi - Tarih ve İlim Mecmuası (Şubat 1951), pp. 343-345. (Overview of various contradicting information on Tarhan's date of birth and clarification of the question on the basis of a document from his father.)
  • İnci Enginün: Abdülhak Hamid Tarhan'ın Tiyatroları I-VII , Dergâh Yayınları, 1998–2002.
  • İnci Enginün: Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan (1852–1937) . In: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi . Volume 1. (1988), pp. 207-210.
  • İhsan Sâfi: Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan: Hayatı, sanatı, eserleri, eserlerinden seçmeler . Hikmet Neşriyat, 2002.
  • İhsan Sâfi: Altın suyuna batırılmış bir hayat: Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan . Dergâh Yayınları, 2006, ISBN 975-995-032-4 .
  • Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar : XIX. asır Türk edebiyatı tarihi , reviewed and edited by Abdullah Uçman. 8th edition. YKY, İstanbul 2010, ISBN 978-975-08-1159-3 , pp. 449-528 (first published in 1949).

English

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h İnci Enginün: Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan (1852–1937) . In: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi . Volume 1. (1988), pp. 207-210, p. 207 there.
personal data
SURNAME Tarhan, Abdülhak Hâmid
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman author and politician
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH Istanbul
DATE OF DEATH April 13, 1937
Place of death Istanbul