Hasan Tahsini

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Hasan Tahsini

Hasan Tahsini (* 1811 in Filiates , † 1881 in Istanbul ), Albanian  and Hoxha Tahsim ( Turkish Hoca Tahsin Efendi ) was a Albanians astronomer , physicist , psychologist and philosopher . He was the first rector of Darülfünun , the first university of the Ottoman Empire , and co-founder of the Central Committee for the Defense of Albanian Rights . Tahsini is honored as one of the most important scholars in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.

The poet Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan , an acquaintance of Fâik Âli Ozansoy , brother of Suleyman Nazif , was also influenced by Hodscha Tahsim .

Early life

Hasan Tahsini was born in 1811 in the village of Ninat in Saranda County (then part of the Ottoman Empire) as a member of the Çamen des Epirus . His father Osman Efendi Ruschiti was a member of the ulema . When Tahsini was young, he worked as a teacher for the sons of Hayrullah Efendi , the deputy minister of education and training of the Ottoman Empire. Hayrullah Efendi later appointed Tahsini to the staff of the Ottoman School in Paris , where Tahsini taught Turkish and religious studies, at the same time served as imam of the Ottoman embassy and studied mathematics and science at the University of Paris . He was a student in Paris for twelve years after he was sent there by Reschid Pasha who wanted to create a Western European ulema elite. In 1869, after completing his studies, Tahsini returned to the Ottoman Empire to bury the body of Fuad Pasha , who had died in Nice .

Darülfünun University

In 1870 Hasan Tahsini became the first rector of the newly founded Darülfünun University, where he gave lectures on physics, astronomy and psychology. The government appointed Tahsini its rector because it was believed that he could strike a balance between Western European and Muslim methods and worldviews. However, while Tahsini was still doing his research, his unrestricted liberalism and his supposed relationship with Freemasonry meant that he was often criticized by conservative Ulema circles. The attacks against Tahsini began when he was conducting experiments to illustrate the concept of vacuum to his students . Repeating a classic 17th-century experiment by Robert Boyle, Tahsini placed a pigeon under a bell jar and emptied the container, suffocating the pigeon, showing the existence of a vacuum. Conservative circles viewed Tahsini's experiment as evidence of witchcraft and the practice of sorcery. After the experiment, he was a fetva for heretics declared and the University expelled : He was banned from giving lectures. The university was also closed for a short period as Jamal ad-Din Afghani , another professor influenced by Tahsini, endorsed his theories.

Works

Hasan Tahsini wrote the first Turkish-language treatise on psychology, entitled Psychology, or the Science of the Soul , a work influenced by modernism, and the first Turkish book whose title included the word psychology . He also wrote the first Turkish-language book on modern astronomy, which was also the first popular science book in Turkish. Other works by Tahsini in the Turkish language are a translation of Constantin François de Chassebœuf's Loi Naturelle . Together with Sami Frashëri , one of the most important personalities of the Albanian National Awakening , he developed his own alphabet for the Albanian language . According to Tahsini, the alphabet was developed in such a way that each letter required the fewest hand movements to write.

Tahsini was also a member of the Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights , established in Istanbul in 1877.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Demetres Tziovas: Greece and the Balkans: identities, perceptions and cultural encounters since the Enlightenment . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003, ISBN 0-7546-0998-7 , pp. 63 ( online in Google Book Search).
  2. ↑ a b George Gawrych: The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 . IBTauris, 2006, ISBN 1-84511-287-3 , pp. 184 ( online in Google book search).
  3. ↑ a b c d e Nikki Keddie : Scholars, saints, and Sufis: Muslim religious institutions in the Middle East since 1500 . University of California Press , 1972, ISBN 0-520-02027-8 , pp. 39 ( online in Google Book Search).
  4. ↑ Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu : Science, technology, and learning in the Ottoman Empire: Western influence, local institutions, and the transfer of knowledge . Ashgate / Variorum, 2004, ISBN 978-0-86078-924-6 , pp. 44 ( online in Google Book Search [accessed April 9, 2011]).
  5. ↑ a b c d Serif Mardin: The genesis of young Ottoman thought: a study in the modernization of Turkish political ideas . Syracuse University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8156-2861-7 , pp. 223 ( online in Google Book Search).
  6. ↑ George Shouksmith: Psychology in Asia and the Pacific: status reports on teaching and research in eleven countries . Unesco Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1990, p. 10 ( online in Google Book Search).
  7. ^ Robert Elsie : Albanian literature: a short history . IBTauris & Company, Limited, 2006, ISBN 1-84511-031-5 , pp. 75–76 ( online in Google Book Search).
personal data
SURNAME Tahsini, Hasan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hoxha Tahsim, Hoca Tahsin Effendi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Albanian scientist and activist
DATE OF BIRTH 1811
PLACE OF BIRTH Filiates
DATE OF DEATH 1881
Place of death Istanbul