Abitur in North Rhine-Westphalia
The Abitur in North Rhine-Westphalia has been a state-wide school leaving certificate since the 2007 Abitur class at grammar schools and comprehensive schools and in 2008 at the advanced training colleges of the second educational pathway , with which the general university entrance qualification is obtained.
Central high school diploma from 2007 to 2012
In North Rhine-Westphalia, the 2007 Abitur class graduated for the first time with nationally standardized tasks in the written Abitur subjects. Pupils who failed the Abitur in the previous year and had repeated grade 13 did not take the Central Abitur , but were given the Abitur tasks as before by their subject teachers. The reason for this was that they had not previously been prepared for the Central Abitur.
Course choices
The candidate takes a course in a subject for at least one half of the school year. To be eligible for the European Baccalaureate, the candidate must have two compartments as Advanced Placement (LK) and various subjects other than basic courses (GK) show. The two advanced course subjects and two of the basic course subjects form the four Abitur subjects in which the Abitur examination is taken. The first three Abitur subjects are written, centrally tested subjects, the fourth an orally tested subject, for which the corresponding subject teacher sets the tasks.
Overall, the four Abitur subjects must cover the following three areas of responsibility:
| Field of activity | subject | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
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linguistic - literary - artistic |
German | Compulsory subject |
| English |
foreign languages |
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| Latin | ||
| French | ||
| other foreign languages ( different depending on the school ) | ||
| art |
Compulsory: four semesters one literary-artistic subject (basic course) two in the youth academy. 10, two in the Jgstf. 11 or 12 |
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| music | ||
| literature | ||
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humanities , social sciences |
history |
Compulsory: two semesters of course history and two semesters of SoWi in the youth league. 11 and 12 if the additional course is not booked |
| Social Science (SoWi) | ||
| Geography | ||
| philosophy | not offered in all schools | |
| pedagogy | ||
| psychology | ||
| pedagogy | ||
| Law | ||
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mathematical - scientific - technical |
mathematics | Compulsory subject |
| biology |
Classical natural sciences mandatory: a classical natural sciences are consistently covered |
|
| chemistry | ||
| physics | ||
| Computer science | not offered in all schools | |
| Nutrition | ||
| technology | ||
| without assignment | religion | Compulsory: two semesters of the course in youth 11 and 12; Alternative: philosophy |
| Sports | Compulsory subject |
Linguistic or scientific focus
Either a linguistic or a scientific focus must be set. This means that either two foreign languages or two scientific and technical subjects must be chosen. While it is compulsory to choose a classical natural science (biology, chemistry or physics), the second subject, which makes up the focus, can be any subject from the natural science-technical subject group except mathematics. It is not prescribed which of the two scientific and technical subjects is chosen in writing. In both areas of focus, four courses from one of the two foreign languages or natural sciences and the two courses from 13.1 and 13.2 in the second (depending on the focus) must be included in the overall qualification.
If you choose the natural science focus, you have to write exams in a foreign language and a natural science, with a foreign language focus you have to write exams in both foreign languages, but not in natural science.
Point system
All grade points that the examinee achieves in the qualification phase and the Abitur examinations together make up the overall qualification. These are included in the calculated average Abitur grade, which can later be decisive for admission to universities (see Numerus clausus ).
| Points | Note in words | Grade (with tendency) | Raw points | Note definition | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15th | very good | 1+ | 95% | The services particularly meet the requirements. | |
| 14th | 1 | 90% | |||
| 13 | 1− | 85% | |||
| 12 | Well | 2+ | 80% | The services fully meet the requirements. | |
| 11 | 2 | 75% | |||
| 10 | 2− | 70% | |||
| 9 | satisfying | 3+ | 65% | The services correspond to the requirements in general. | |
| 8th | 3 | 60% | |||
| 7th | 3− | 55% | |||
| 6th | sufficient | 4+ | 50% | The services show deficiencies, but on the whole still meet the requirements. | |
| 5 | 4th | 45% | |||
| 4th | weak sufficient 1 | 4− | 39% | The services show deficiencies and only meet the requirements with restrictions. 1 | deficit area |
| 3 | inadequate | 5+ | 33% | The services do not meet the requirements, but show that the necessary basic knowledge is available and the deficiencies can be remedied in the foreseeable future. | |
| 2 | 5 | 27% | |||
| 1 | 5− | 20% | |||
| 0 | insufficient | 6th | 0% | The services do not meet the requirements and even the basic knowledge is so incomplete that the deficiencies cannot be remedied in the foreseeable future. | not used |
1 = Contrary to the official definition of the grade “poorly sufficient”, a course with this grade is not considered passed; the services do not meet the requirements.
Single-digit points are to be written with a leading zero.
Course evaluation
In the advanced courses and the written basic courses, two exams are written every semester. Basic courses can be chosen in writing or orally. German, a foreign language, mathematics and another subject from the field of natural sciences or languages must be chosen in writing in any case. For each quarter there is an Other Collaboration Grade (“SoMiNo”, i.e. oral collaboration, written and practical work without exams and technical work). The overall grade for the semester of the course then results from the overall written grade, which is combined with the overall grade for the other participation.
How the overall course grade is determined from the individual grades is not prescribed in detail. A system that the subject teacher could use for this is the following: In the case of diverging interim results, the other participation is decisive; in the case of broken overall results, the tendency of the 2nd quarter determines whether the results are rounded up or down.
1st quarter Other employee grade / oral grade 9 points (satisfactory plus, 3+) First exam: 6 points (sufficient plus, 4+) total: (9 + 6) / 2 = 7.5 points, the oral grade is decisive so 8 points (satisfactory, 3)
2nd quarter Other employee grade / oral grade 11 points (good) Second exam 10 points (good -) total: (11 + 10) / 2 = 10.5 points, the oral grade is the decisive factor 11 points (good, 2)
Overall grade: (8 + 11) / 2 = 9.5; increasing tendency in the 2nd quarter, i.e. 10 points (good minus, 2-)
It should be noted that arithmetic calculation of the final course grade, as shown in the example here, is expressly not permitted according to the training and examination regulations for the upper school level (cf. § 13 Paragraph 1 APO-GOSt).
Abitur approval
In order to be admitted for the Abitur, one must have achieved a total of 110 points in the basic course area and 70 points in the advanced course area (half-year 12.1 to 13.1) in the qualification phase. This is an average of 5 points per course, which corresponds to a straight 4. In the advanced course area, the LK in 12.1 and 12.2 are scored twice and those in 13.1 are scored three times: With 5 points each, this results in two LK in 12.1 and 12.2 10 points × 2 × 2 = 40 points, in 13.1 10 points × 3 = 30 points, together so 70 points. Regardless of this, a maximum of 7 (8 if more than 37 courses are included), of which a maximum of three are in the advanced course area as a deficit, may be included. Deficits count from weak sufficient (4 points) and lower. One course corresponds to one half of the course taken. A compulsory course that is graded with 0 points (= unsatisfactory, 6) is considered not taken and leads to exclusion from the A-levels.
Abitur exams
Written exams
Written exams are held in the first three Abitur subjects with centrally set tasks. If the grade of the exam in a written subject deviates by more than 4 points from the average rating in this subject from the four semesters of grades 12 and 13, the student must take an additional oral examination in this subject. The student can also volunteer for an oral exam to improve their overall grade.
The pupils and teachers are entitled to a selection of tasks in each subject; in the subject German, for example, there are three proposed tasks (four until 2009), in modern foreign languages two, in social sciences three, one of which is selected for processing. In the natural sciences, selections are made via teachers and / or the examinees. The selection time is 30 minutes. Since 2018, however, the students have been able to keep the additional exam suggestions in their place, which means that the selection time expires. The working time in the basic course is an additional three hours, in the advanced course 4 hours 45 minutes.
The evaluation takes place “in a given criteria-based assessment procedure”, which was created centrally and is attached to the tasks. The breakdown of the student performance to be achieved is based on a catalog of criteria, which shows the individual criteria both a maximum number of points and the range of requirements. The maximum number of points that can be achieved per task is set in advance and printed on the examination papers. This criteria-based assessment is binding. The first and second corrections are still not carried out centrally, but rather the first correction by the respective subject teacher and the second correction within the school.
Requirement areas are the nationwide uniform classification of individual cognitive performance of the examinee in exams. The system is known from the social and linguistic sciences. Requirement area I corresponds to the field of comprehension / understanding, requirement area II to the field of analysis / analysis, and requirement area III to the field of evaluation / evaluating, commenting, developing hypotheses. The assignment of individual work orders to the corresponding requirement areas can be found in specialist operator lists. The mere fact that a criterion belongs to a certain requirement area does not determine its degree of difficulty or its weighting.
There is a second corrector for each correction. According to § 34 APO-GOSt, the second corrector is a specialist teacher appointed by the higher school supervisory authority, but who is not necessarily employed at another school. Neither the names of the candidate and the first corrector nor the result of the first corrector have to be kept secret from the second corrector. If the grades of the first and second correction differ by less than 4 points, the arithmetic mean of both grades is calculated; there is no longer an "agreement" between the two correctors that was customary in the past. If there is a difference of four or more points, a third-party corrector is called in.
Oral exam
The oral exams are not held centrally. Apart from the deviation tests, the oral test is taken in the fourth Abitur subject. The tasks are worked out by the subject teacher as before, but still have to meet the requirements of the Abitur. In the case of an oral examination, three teachers must be present in addition to the examinee himself: the subject teacher who holds the examination, a teacher from the same student body who takes the minutes, and a third teacher who chairs the subject and does not have to be from this subject. In addition, with the consent of the examinee, it is possible for one or more students from the next year to attend the examination as silent observers. Teaching staff at the school can sit in on the exam without the candidate's consent.
Calculation of the average of the Abitur certificate
The overall qualification (total number of points) achieved with the Abitur is made up of:
- 30 basic courses from the qualification phase in simple evaluation
- four advanced courses from Q1 in double evaluation
- four advanced courses from Q2 in double evaluation
- the results of the four Abitur exams in five-fold evaluation
A maximum number of points of 900 (below G8) can be achieved, of which 360 in the basic course area, 240 in the advanced course area and 300 in the Abitur area. The 30 basic courses are made up of the compulsory courses that must be taken, of which a maximum of two courses from the artistic-literary field and a maximum of three sports courses (cf. § 28 APO-GOSt B).
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Overall qualification
Max. 900 points |
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Basic course area
Max. 360 points |
Advanced course area
Max. 240 points |
High school graduation area
Max. 300 points |
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Conversion of the overall qualification into an average grade
The average grade in the Abitur results from the number of points for the overall qualification (with a maximum of 840 points):
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Abitur for those born before 2007
The Abitur before 2007 was basically the same as the Central Abitur in 2007, except that the tasks were not set centrally but by the relevant specialist teachers. However, the tasks had to be sent to the responsible district government beforehand, where the suitability of the tasks was checked. Depending on the subject, up to three proposals had to be submitted, of which up to two were accepted. These suggestions were made as an examination task.
Abitur from 2013
The Abitur in 2013 (school year 2012/2013) was a double Abitur, in which two years graduated from high school, one of the 13 school years (G9) and one that had only completed twelve years (G8). Since 2014, the students of the grammar schools only needed twelve school years for the Abitur , while comprehensive schools continued to offer an Abitur after 13 school years. This transitional procedure met with criticism from many sides because it was feared that the state of North Rhine-Westphalia would not be able to provide twice as large a number of study places or training places. Since 2020, the Abitur has been the rule again after thirteen school years.
Calculation of the average of the Abitur certificate
The overall qualification (total number of points) achieved with the Abitur is made up of:
Block 1:
- eight advanced courses in double evaluation
- 27 to 32 basic courses from the qualification phase in simple valuation
The total of points from block 1 is calculated using the formula . P is the sum of the points in the courses and S is the number of relevant courses (advanced courses are counted twice). In block 1, a minimum number of 200 points is required and a maximum number of 600 points is possible.
Block 2:
- The results of the four examination subjects in fivefold, in the case of special learning performance in fourfold. If an oral examination is carried out in a follow-up examination, the evaluation ratio changes to 2 (written examination) to 1 (oral examination).
In block 2, a minimum number of 100 points is required and a maximum number of 300 points is possible.
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Overall qualification
300-900 points |
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Block 1 (qualification phase)
200–600 points |
Block 2 (Abitur area)
100-300 points |
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Conversion of the points into an average grade
- The point average is calculated using the formula .
- A point average of 15 points is assigned to the average grade of 0.666…. 0 points are assigned to the average grade of 5.666…. Between these two limit values is then linearly interpolated , as a formula: .
- Average grades better than 1.0 are devalued to 1.0. Without this step, the best possible high school diploma would be 0.667.
Inspection of examination documents
Former pupils are entitled to inspect the examination documents within a period of ten years due to the data protection act.
See also
Web links
- Education portal North Rhine-Westphalia
- Everything about the central high school diploma in North Rhine-Westphalia in the education portal NRW under standard assurance
- Further materials on z. B. Abitur topics can be found on the learn: line NRW
- Abitur calculator for NRW
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- ↑ cf. APO GOSt § 33 ( Memento from March 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 129 kB)
- ↑ APO-GOSt B (as of July 1, 2011) for high schools from the 2010/2011 school year or comprehensive schools from the 2011/2012 school year (PDF) schulministerium.nrw.de. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
- ↑ Central Abitur NRW - FAQ . Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved on May 22, 2019.
- ↑ http://www.abiturvornahm.nrw/muendliche-pruefung/
- ↑ Student rights for the Abitur exams