Académie Carmen

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James McNeill Whistler reads from The Art of Making Enemies at the Académie Carmen. An illustration by Cyrus Cuneo for Pall Mall Magazine , 1906
James McNeill Whistler between schoolgirls at the Académie Carmen. An illustration by Cyrus Cuneo for Pall Mall Magazine , 1906
Pink and Gold: The Neapolitan (Carmen Rossi) by James McNeill Whistler, ca.1897, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
James Abbott McNeill Whistler by Alice Pike Barney , 1898, Smithsonian American Art Museum
Self-Portrait by Frederick William MacMonnies , 1898–1906, Art Institute of Chicago
Self-portrait by Alfons Mucha , 1900, Mucha Museum
Inez Eleanor Addams, b. Bate by Clifford Addams, 1906, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

The Académie Carmen was a private art academy in the Quartier Notre-Dame-des-Champs in Paris at Passage Stanislas No. 6 (now Rue Jules-Chaplain ) in the 6th arrondissement and from 1900 in the Quartier Montparnasse on Boulevard du Montparnasse No. 134 in 14th arrondissement . It existed from October 1898 to April 1901.

The academy

James McNeill Whistler decided to help Carmen Rossi open an art school in Paris. Carmen suggested that the school be named Académie Whistler and promoted the school under that name, but Whistler ultimately decided on the name Académie Carmen . Whistler wanted painting to teach and for the teaching of the sculpture is explained Frederick William MacMonnies ready early. A little later, Alfons Mucha was hired as a teacher for a course in drawing . The rooms needed for the school were found in passage Stanislas No. 6, directly opposite the studio of Émile Auguste Carolus-Duran . This was followed by announcements in the London Pall Mall Gazette , in the national Daily Chronicle based in London, in the London Morning Post and in the New York Herald , which had a European edition based in Paris in addition to the American edition. But Carmen Rossi also made sure beforehand, as I said, and also afterwards that the new school was a topic of conversation in the artistic circles of Paris.

The school opened at the beginning of October 1898. There were separate male and female classes with twenty students each. The women's classes were on the ground floor and the men's classes on the first floor. After a little over a month there were already sixty students. Unlike other schools, the rules were strict. It was forbidden to smoke, sing or speak. No pictures were allowed to hang on the walls. This caused dissatisfaction among some students. Some did not like the fact that Whistler only came once a week and otherwise left the students alone with their work. Soon there were only 40 students left, but those who stayed accepted the rules and Whistler's teaching methods. When the women at Carmen Rossi had to pay twice as much for school as the men, Whistler put a stop to this and appointed Inez Bate to the massière , who from now on took care of the school's financial affairs and the needs of the students. In 1899 MacMonnies left school, so that from now on sculpture was no longer taught. And Mucha's drawing course was also dropped because Mucha accepted a time-consuming large commission in 1899, for the preparation of which he first had to travel to the Balkans to sketch impressions. In the spring of 1900 the school moved to 134 Boulevard du Montparnasse . Inez Bate and Clifford Addams were married. In October 1900, Carmen Rossi left the school to Inez Addams, who continued it with just one course in model painting for women. Since Whistler could no longer attend school for health reasons, the school was closed on April 6, 1901 on his instructions.

Some artists who met at the academy later married, for example Inez Bate and Clifford Addams in 1900, Brenetta Herrman and Earl Stetson Crawford in 1902, Nell Marion Tenison and Cyrus Cuneo in 1903, Grace Mitchell and Paul Henry and Alice Woods and Eugene Paul Ullman.

In 1906, Cyrus Cuneo created seven illustrations for his article Whistler's Academy Of Painting. Some Parisian Recollections. ( Whistler's Academy of Painting. Some Paris Recollections. ) In Pall Mall Magazine Vol. XXXVIII, published November 1906.

Carmen Rossi

Carmen Rossi (* approx. 1879 in Gallinaro ), born Caira , apparently married to an Italian piano tuner , was probably the first model for James McNeill Whistler in Paris in 1891. In January 1892, she appeared to be thirteen, according to Whistler. According to another, perhaps not so certain, source, she first modeled for him when she was eight years old. Carmen, also Carmela , was a cousin of the three Caira sisters, who also worked as models in Paris and opened the Académie Vitti in 1894 . In 1891 an edition of lithographs was published from a drawing by Whistler, in which Carmen was a model, with the title Draped figure, standing , in 1893 Liegende draped figure appeared and in 1893 and 1894, lithographs with the title Small draped figure, leaning appeared in several editions . Whistler portrayed her in 1895. The painting was titled Purple Note: Carmen by Whistler and is now called Carmen Rossi . He also painted it in 1897. She could have told him that she came from Naples, because the picture is titled Pink and Gold: The Neapolitan . Approx. In 1897 she worked as a model in the Académie Julian and around the same time had a liaison with Natalie Clifford Barney , the eldest daughter of the painter Alice Pike Barney . Approx. In 1898, Carmen's Rossi's apparently somewhat fuller appearance appeared on Whistler's Violet and Rosa: Carmen laughs and harmony in pink and green: Carmen . Alice Pike Barney also painted them in the late 90s. In 1898 Carmen Rossi founded the Académie Carmen with Whistler, which she directed under Whistler's supervision.

In 1900 she had a liaison with the student Sarah Whitney. She handed over the management of the school to Inez Addams and opened a wine shop a little later.

In October 1901, James McNeill Whistler discovered that Carmen Rossi had sold his paintings from his Paris studio to the Paris art dealer Charles Hessele. He did not take any legal action against her. Inez and Clifford Addams, who had both rented a studio in the Académie Vitti building at 49 Boulevard Montparnasse , tried to locate Carmen Rossi and looked for the pictures. In June 1902, Carmen Rossi agreed to help Whistler buy back the portrait of her Pink and Gold: The Neapolitan . The price rose because the picture had changed hands several times in the meantime. Carmen Rossi was also planning a move. According to Joseph Pennell , the American art collector Charles Lang Freer followed Carmen Rossi to Rome and bought Whistler's paintings there.

James McNeill Whistler died on July 17, 1903. On November 25, 1903, Carmen Rossi had Whistler's paintings, drawings, prints and letters auctioned at the Hôtel Drouot . She said she received most of it as payment for unpaid bills to Whistler and that she also took some out of Whistler's trash . Among the works was the oil painting Nocturne in blue and silver: The lagoon, Venice and a dozen drawings in which Carmen was a model, naked, draped or in composition with other things.

In June 1904 appeared in the American Art Magazine Brush and Pencil Articles Whistler's model and her relicts ( Whistlers model and its relics ), who reported on the auction and Carmen Rossi not exactly represented in the best light.

Teacher

Known students

  • Lucien Abrams (1870-1941)
  • Clifford Addams (1876-1942)
  • Frederick Clay Bartlett (1873-1953)
  • Inez Eleanor Bate (from June 27, 1900 Inez Eleanor Addams) (1898–1927) - She was appointed Massière by Whistler and later headed the school from October 1900 to April 6, 1901.
  • Carlotta Blaurock (1866-1959)
  • Simon Bussy (1870-1954)
  • Emilia Cimino Folliero (1854-after 1935)
  • Blendon Reed Campbell (1872-1969)
  • Alson S. Clark (1876-1949)
  • Esther Mabel Crawford (1872-1958)
  • Cyrus Cuneo (1880–1916) (father of Terence Cuneo )
  • Edward Dufner (1872–1957)
  • Hugo Melville Fisher (1878-1946)
  • Mary Foote (1872-1968)
  • Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874–1939)
  • Louise Elizabeth Garden MacLeod (1857–1944)
  • Lillian Genth (1876-1953)
  • Hans Albrecht von Harrach (1873–1963)
  • Paul Henry (1876-1958)
  • Brenetta Herrman (from 1902 Brenetta Herrman Crawford) (1876–1956)
  • Ilka Howells Dufner (from 1903 Ilka Howells Renwick Dufner) (1876–1942)
  • Paul Henry (1876-1958)
  • Henry Salem Hubbell (1870-1949)
  • Mary Hughitt Halliday (1866-1957)
  • Louise Williams Jackson (1872-1939)
  • John Christen Johansen (1876–1964)
  • Gwen John (1876-1939)
  • Lydia Longacre (1870-1951)
  • Lucia Kleinhans Mathews (1870–1955) (wife of Arthur Frank Mathews )
  • Anna Petrovna Ostroumowa-Lebedewa (1871–1955)
  • Alice Pike Barney (1857-1931)
  • Ambrose McCarthy Patterson (1877-1967)
  • Grace Mitchell (1868–1953) (from 1903 Grace Henry)
  • Mary Augusta Mullikin (1874–1964)
  • Ida Nettleship (1877-1907) (she was the wife of Augustus John )
  • Lawton S. Parker (1868-1954)
  • Caroline Peart (1870-1963)
  • Bessie W. Philip
  • Gwen Salmond (1877–1958) (sister of John Salmond and Geoffrey Salmond )
  • Muriel Smith - She was also a model for James McNeill Whistler
  • Earl Stetson Crawford (1877-1965)
  • William Ostis Swet (1859-1938)
  • Nell Marion Tenison (1867–1953) (from 1903 Nell Marion Cuneo, mother of Terence Cuneo)
  • Eugene Paul Ullman (1877-1953)
  • Mary van der Veer (1865-1945)
  • Emmi Walther (1860-1936)
  • Charles Henry White (1878-1918)
  • Sarah Whitney
  • Alice Woods (from 1903 Alice Woods Ullman) (1871–1959)

literature

See also

Other Paris art schools

Web links

Commons : Académie Carmen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Name Académie Whistler in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  2. ↑ Name Académie Carmen in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  3. ↑ Reference to Alfons Mucha's drawing course at the Mucha Foundation (English)
  4. ↑ Pall Mall Gazette in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  5. ↑ Daily Chronicle in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  6. ^ Morning Post and New York Herald in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  7. ↑ Pages 311 and 312 in Whistler: A Life for Art's Sake (English)
  8. ↑ Under the third picture, second paragraph (English)
  9. ↑ Page 312 in Whistler: A Life for Art's Sake (English)
  10. ↑ Page 468 down and 469 up in the Dictionary of Artists' Models (English)
  11. ↑ MacMonnies below in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  12. ↑ Mucha 1899 (English)
  13. ↑ Mucha 1900 (English), pictures from 1899 and 1900
  14. ↑ Model drawing course Inez Addams in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  15. ↑ Entry in Writings by & about James Abbott McNeill Whistler by Don Carlos Seitz (English), 1910 (digitized online)
  16. ↑ Four pictures described under Posthumous portraits , 1905 a, b, c and d (English)
  17. ↑ Piano tuner Rossi in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  18. ^ Print of a drawing from 1901
  19. ↑ Carmen Caira in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  20. ↑ Carmen Rossi biography in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  21. ↑ Brush and Pencil (English) from 1904, page 182 (digitized online)
  22. ↑ Cousin of the three Caira sisters (below) (Italian page in Google Translate )
  23. ↑ Draped figure, standing , description on the left
  24. ↑ Lying, draped figure
  25. ↑ Lying, draped figure , description on the left
  26. ↑ Small draped figure, ajar ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  27. ↑ Information ( Memento from November 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the painting Carmen (Rossie) (English)
  28. ↑ Image of the painting on the website of the Hill-Stead Museum (below)
  29. ↑ Biography Carmen Caira (Carmen Rossi) (English)
  30. ↑ Third section below
  31. ↑ Natalie Clifford Barney (English)
  32. ↑ Illustration ( Memento from November 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) by Violet and Rosa: Carmen laughs
  33. ^ Illustration ( memento of November 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) of Harmony in Pink and Green: Carmen
  34. ↑ Mentioned in Dictionary of Artists' Models
  35. ↑ wine shop in Dictionary of Artists' Models (English)
  36. ↑ Wine shop in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  37. ↑ Boulevard Montparnasse No. 49 in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  38. ↑ Carmen Rossi in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  39. ^ Letter from Clifford Addams to Whistler in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  40. ↑ Carmen Rossi in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  41. ↑ Carmen Rossi in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  42. ↑ Whistler's Model and her Relicts (English) from Brush and Pencil from 1904 (digitized online)
  43. ↑ Muriel Smith in The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler (English)
  44. ↑ Muriel Smith on page 2 below and page 3 in James McNeill Whistler in context: essays from the Whistler Centenary Symposium, University of Glasgow, 2003 (2008) (English) (digitized online)
  45. ↑ Nigel Thorp : Whistler and his students at the Académie Carmen , details (English)