Broad-leaved hollow tooth

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Broad-leaved hollow tooth
Broad-leaved hollow tooth (Galeopsis ladanum), illustration

Broad-leaved hollow tooth ( Galeopsis ladanum ), illustration

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Lamioideae
Genre : Hollow tooth ( Galeopsis )
Type : Broad-leaved hollow tooth
Scientific name
Galeopsis ladanum
L.

The Broad hollow tooth ( Galeopsis ladanum ) is a plant of the genus hollow tooth ( Galeopsis ) in the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae).

Other names are or were Ackerhohlzahn , Ackerandorn , Ackerhanfnessle ( Bernese Oberland ), red Alyssenkraut , brown Andorn ( Silesia ), Beschreikraut (Henneberg), Daun or Daunle ( Lucerne ), Klaffen (Bernese Oberland), Kornlugt (Lucerne), Kornwirt , Kornwuth ( Alsace ), Lüge (Lucerne) and Siskin (Henneberg).

description

The broad-leaved hollow tooth is an annual herbaceous plant ( therophyte ) that usually reaches heights of 10 to 40 (to 80) cm. Its upright, branched stem has downwardly lying downy hairs ( trichomes ) and dark-headed glands above. The stalked leaves are 6 to 16 mm wide and have three to seven large teeth on both sides.

Zygomorphic flowers

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The carmine-red and 2 cm long corolla is twice as long as the calyx . The corolla tube protrudes little from the chalice. The calyx tube is clearly annoyed, loosely protruding and hairy with glands. The calyx hairs are smooth or finely dotted.

The flowering period is between June and October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Occurrence

The broad-leaved hollow tooth occurs in western Eurasia and is introduced in North America. In Europe, the northern limit of its closed area in southern Scandinavia is around 62 ° north latitude, individual occurrences occur up to around 68 ° north latitude. To the south it is found from the Pyrenees (isolated occurrences to southern Spain) via southern Italy to Bulgaria. It was introduced to the British Isles.

The broad-leaved hollow tooth needs an alkaline subsoil. It inhabits rock rubble heaps and railway gravel, more rarely stony fallow land. In the eastern part of the Central European lowlands, in the low mountain ranges and alpine areas with basic soils , it rarely grows, but sometimes in loose stands. It rises in the Alps to altitudes of around 2000 meters. It is a character species of the rock rubble and rubble societies (Thlaspietea rotundifolii).

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies in this species:

  • Narrow-leaved hollow tooth ( Galeopsis ladanum subsp. Angustifolia (Ehrh. Ex Hoffm.) Gaudin ; Syn .: Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. Ex Hoffm. ): It occurs in Europe and earlier also in Morocco.
  • Galeopsis ladanum subsp. carpetana (Will.) O.Bolòs & Vigo : It occurs in Spain.
  • Galeopsis ladanum subsp. ladanum : It occurs from Europe to Central Asia.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christoph Needon, Johannes Petermann, Peter Scheffel, Bernd Scheiba, plants and animals , Urania-Verlag Leipzig Jena Berlin, 16th edition 1987, ISBN 3-332-00111-6 , page 108
  2. ^ Carl Jessen , The German Folk Names of Plants , Verlag von Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 157
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  801 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Galeopsis ladanum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 16, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Broad-leaved hollow tooth ( Galeopsis ladanum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files