Field chamomile

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Field chamomile
Field chamomile (Anthemis arvensis)

Field chamomile ( Anthemis arvensis )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Genre : Chamomiles ( Anthemis )
Type : Field chamomile
Scientific name
Anthemis arvensis
L.

The Anthemis arvensis ( Anthemis arvensis ) is a plant species within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

description

Illustration from Koehler's medicinal plants
Cross-section through the flower cage with the medullary cage base and ray and tubular flowers
The basket base is narrow-conical to rounded.
Pinnate foliage
Habitus
The achenes are rounded in cross section and clearly longitudinally ribbed.
The chaff leaves are lanceolate and gradually pointed.

The field dog chamomile grows as a one to two-year herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 10 and 50 centimeters. It has branched, spreading or upright stems . The alternate leaves are multi-pinnate and do not give off a characteristic scent when rubbed.

The flowering period in Germany and Austria extends from June to September. The cup-shaped inflorescence has a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters. In contrast to real chamomile ( Matricaria recutita ), the bottom of the basket is pithy on the inside. The bracts are at the top with entire margins or roughly toothed. The flower head contains white ray flowers and yellow tubular flowers .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The field chamomile is a field weed , an archaeophyte , a cultural companion and an acidification indicator .

There is insect pollination and self-pollination .

The field dog chamomile shows various fruitiness, i. H. the marginal florets of the cups are about 1 mg twice as heavy as the central fruits. As sticky, the fruits are subject to animal spread , as their humps secrete a slime on the surface; in addition, people spread through soil.

Occurrence

Fields, fallow land and roadsides are preferred as locations, especially on lime-free, acidic soils. The field dog chamomile is a species of the Secalietea class nationwide; it often occurs in societies of the Aperion spicae-venti association. This type of plant is common across Europe .

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Anthemis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis
  • Anthemis arvensis subsp. acrochordona Briq. & Cavill. : It occurs in France, Italy and Sardinia.
  • Anthemis arvensis subsp. cyllenea (Halácsy) R. Fern. : It occurs in Greece.
  • Anthemis arvensis subsp. glabra (Rouy) Jeanm. : It occurs in Corsica.
  • Anthemis arvensis subsp. incrassata (Loisel.) Nyman : It occurs in southern Europe.
  • Anthemis arvensis subsp. sphacelata (C. Presl) R. Fern. : It occurs in Italy and Sicily.

Common names

The following other trivial names are or were used for this species, sometimes only regionally : Buttercups, Crotuntille ( Old High German ), Dickkopp ( Altmark ), Härnelchen, Heangskrokt ( Transylvania ), wild Hermel ( Silesia ), Hermeln, Hernlein, Hosennabelo (Old High German ), Hundsblume ( Eifel Dreis ), dog chamomile (Eifel), Hundsdille ( Middle Low German ), Hunenblomen ( Münsterland ), Hundskamellen ( Lower Weser ), Toad Cabbage , Kühaugen, Kühdille (Silesia), Leek ( Middle High German ), Ochsinnabe (Middle Low German ), Ochsinnabe (Middle Low German) ), Ox nals, beef eye and rotonabel.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  932 .
  2. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Anthemis ervensis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 31, online.

literature

  • Gunter Steinbach (Ed.), Bruno P. Kremer u. a .: wildflowers. Recognize & determine. Mosaik, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-576-11456-4 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Web links

Commons : Acker-Hundskamille  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files