al-Chatib al-Baghdadi
Abū Bakr Ahmad ibn ʿAli ibn Thabit ibn Ahmad ibn Mahdi asch-Shāfiʿī ( Arabic أبو بكر أحمد بن علي بن ثابت, DMG Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Ṯābit , known as al-Chatib al-Baghdadi ( Arabic الخطيب البغدادي al-Chaṭīb al-Baġdādī 'The Preacher from Baghdad'); born May 10, 1002 in Hanikiya near Baghdad ; died September 5, 1071 in Baghdad) was a Sunni scholar and historian from the Shāfiʿite school . Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani counts him among the most important scholars of hadith .
Live and act
Abū Bakr was born in 1002 in a village south of Baghdad, the son of an Islamic preacher . From his father and other sheikhs, he first learned the Koran , then hadiths and jurisprudence , but hadith studies were at the center of his interests throughout his life.
When he lost his father at the age of 20, he moved to Basra to deepen his knowledge of hadith, and on this occasion he was probably also in Kufa . Three years later, in 1024, he set off on a second journey and reached Nishapur . While passing through, he collected further hadith material in Rayy and Isfahan , where he had received a letter of recommendation for Abu Nuʿaim from his teacher in Baghdad , and also reached Hamadan and Dinawar . According to his own testimony, he returned to Baghdad in 1028. In the following years he became a famous preacher and sought-after expert in the field of hadith. He had initially belonged to the Hanbalite school of law , but then turned to the Shafiites and thus incited the hatred of the followers of Ahmad ibn Hanbal . With the support of Caliph al-Qa'im and his vizier , he was able to give a series of lectures in the Al-Mansur mosque in Baghdad, where he never missed the opportunity to make malicious remarks about the Hanbalites.
On his pilgrimage over Syria from 1053 to 1054 , he stayed in Mecca for a few months . After the successful rebellion of al-Basasiri against the Abbasid vizier , al-Khatib fled to Damascus in 1059 . For eight years he held numerous lectures there, mainly in the Umayyad mosque , and also visited other Syrian cities such as Sur . Via Tripoli and Aleppo he returned to Baghdad, which had come under the rule of the Seljuks , and died there on September 5, 1071. With great sympathy among the population, he was found next to the grave of the Sufi Bishop al-Hafi (around 761-841 ) buried.
His main work is Ta'rich Baghdad . This is a biographical reference work based on hadiths on over 8000 theologians, poets, lawyers and writers on the "History of Baghdad, the City of Peace", including an extensive topographical introduction. In addition, more than 80 works are attributed to him in some traditions, although his authorship is partly controversial.
Works (selection)
- Ta'rich Baghdad madinat as-salam : "History of Baghdad, the city of peace"
- al-Kifaya fi ma'rifat usul 'ilm ar-riwaya : early work on hadith studies praised by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani as an influential source.
- Kitāb takyid al-'ilm : On the writing of knowledge
- al-Mu'tanif fi takmilat al-Mu'talif wa 'l-muchtalif : Correct spelling and pronunciation of names
- al-Asma 'al-mubhama fi' l-anba 'al-muhkama : Persons not mentioned by name in hadiths
- ar-Rihla fi talab al-hadith : Rihla (travel report) about the search for traditional sayings and actions of the Prophet Mohammed
Individual evidence
- ↑ ZVAB
- ↑ Leigh Hedger, Indiana University: Oral History: Written text, and Preserving a Connection with the Past
literature
- Rudolf Sellheim : Article Al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī , in Encyclopaedia of Islam , Second Edition. Vol. IV, pp. 1111-1112.
Web links
- Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle (beginning of article)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Baghdadi, al-Chatib al- |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Chaṭīb al-Bagdādī, al-; Abū Bakr Ahmad ibn ʿAli ibn Thabit ibn Ahmad ibn Mahdi al-Shāfiʿī (original name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Shafiite scholar |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 10, 1002 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hanikiya near Baghdad |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 5, 1071 |
| Place of death | Baghdad |