Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura (2005)

Albert Bandura OC (born December 4, 1925 in Mundare , central Alberta , † July 26, 2021 in Stanford , California ) was a Canadian psychologist .

Life

Albert Bandura was born in December 1925 and was the only son in the family along with his five older sisters. Despite limited educational opportunities in his birthplace, Mundare (near Edmonton ) of around 400 residents, he developed independent and self-reliant learning, which helped him in his later career.

He received his bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of British Columbia in 1949 and then studied at the University of Iowa , where he received his master's degree in 1951 and his doctorate ( Ph.D. ) in psychology in 1952 . A year later he received a call to Stanford University , where he worked until the end. In 1974 he was elected President of the American Psychological Association .

Bandura was married to the nurse Virginia Belle (1921-2011) from 1952 until her death; the couple has two daughters.

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While at the University of Iowa , Bandura was influenced by the learning theorist Kenneth W. Spence, but Bandura's main interest remained clinical psychology .

His interest in learning psychology was aroused by the book Social Learning and Imitation by Neal E. Miller and Dollard (1941). These used the behavioristic learning theory as a basis to explain the phenomenon of social learning and imitation. Their assumptions on the subject dominated the psychological literature for nearly two decades. It was not until the early 1960s that Bandura began to change these explanations by speaking of learning by observation. He also applied this to aggressive behavior. Models are an important source of learning new behavior, learning from the model shapes behavior. For example, if you have saved certain reactions to hostile behavior, you have no other behavior.

His research with Richard H. Walters (1918-1967) was recorded in Adolescent Aggression (1959) and Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis (1973). Against the behaviorist theory, Bandura saw the source of aggressive behavior in imitation and in aggression research asserted the decisive role of social learning of aggressive behavior alongside instinct and frustration as its trigger. Bandura made a controversial experiment in 1961, the Bobo doll experiment , a milestone on the way to cognitive psychology . It showed how much adults shape the aggressive behavior of their children. Then he published Social Learning and Personality Development in 1963 .

Furthermore, he developed the concepts and formative terms self-efficacy expectation and social cognitive learning theory . The studies developed for this also form an important theoretical basis for the concept of patient competence .

Achievements and Awards

Bandura, who had worked at Stanford University since the 1950s , was considered one of the leading psychologists of the late twentieth century. He received numerous awards and recognitions for his work and was a member of various scientific societies.

In 1974 he was named president of the American Psychological Association . In 1980 he was accepted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . 1990, he was from the Free University of Berlin , the honorary doctorate awarded because it "... an understanding of meaningful learning processes, emotional processes and human behavior changes [has] improved significantly." In 2004 he was awarded the Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology of the American Psychological Association and an honorary professorship from the University of Athens. In 2008 he received the Grawemeyer Award in Psychology.

In 2014, Bandura was named Officer of the Order of Canada , Canada's highest honor for civilians. In early 2016 he was awarded the National Medal of Science .

Fonts (selection)

  • with Richard H. Walters: Adolescent aggression , New York: Ronald Press, 1959.
  • with RH Walters: Social learning and personality development , New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963.
  • Principles of behavior modification , New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969.
  • (Ed.): Psychological modeling: Conflicting theories , (Chicago 1971). Routledge 2017, ISBN 978-0202308487 .
  • Aggression: social learning analysis , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
  • Social learning theory , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
  • Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
  • (Ed.): Self-efficacy in changing societies , New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  • Self-efficacy: The exercise of control , New York: Freeman, 1997, 2002, ISBN 978-0716728504.
    • Learning on the model. Approaches to a social-cognitive learning theory. Klett, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-12-920590-X .
    • Social-cognitive learning theory. Klett-Cotta ( Concepts in Human Sciences ), Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-12-920511-X .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albert Bandura, Leading Psychologist of Aggression, Dies at 95 , nytimes.com, published and accessed July 29, 2021
  2. ↑ Palo Alto Online - Lasting Memories - Virginia Belle Bandura's memorial. Retrieved November 3, 2020 .
  3. ^ NE Miller, J. Dollard: Social Learning and Imitation . Yale University Press, New Haven 1941
  4. ^ Mundare childhood gave Order of Canada recipient skills for success. In: Edmonton Journal. December 29, 2014, accessed March 22, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Bandura, Albert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Canadian psychologist
BIRTH DATE 4th December 1925
PLACE OF BIRTH Mundare , Alberta , Canada
DATE OF DEATH July 26, 2021
PLACE OF DEATH Stanford , California