Albert Bisschop

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Albert Bisschop (* in Lübeck ; † June 11, 1468 in Bruges ) was a German long-distance merchant from Lübeck in Flanders .

Life

Epitaph of Albert Bisschop in Lübeck Cathedral
Inscription tablet of the epitaph (1468)
Traffic light of Albert Bisschop in Lübeck Cathedral

No information is available about Albert Bisschop's training or early career. He worked as a merchant in Bruges from 1452. The Hansekontor in Bruges was in the period from 1453 to 1457 only in Deventer , then in Utrecht . On May 25, 1457 Bisschop is mentioned in a decision of the Lübeck Council. In 1459 at the latest, he donated a sand-lime stone relief from Utrecht for the St. Mary's Altar in Lübeck Cathedral , donated (and not preserved) in 1375 by Canon Albert von Stralendorff . According to an older art historical view, the image of Mary shows the enthroned Mother of God with child, the name saint of the founder, Bishop Albertus Magnus of Regensburg, while the more recent art history sees the figure as Saint Anthony , and Saint Dorothea and Albert Bisschop himself as the kneeling founder . He made a will on March 19, 1459 in Lübeck , which is preserved in the archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck . In 1461 he donated an Eternal Lamp to Lübeck Cathedral as a bronze traffic light from a Flemish workshop with a Middle Low German inscription and reference to the Middle Low German inscription panel in Gothic minuscule under the image of the Virgin, which, however, was only placed after his death. On November 12, 1462, the Lübeck Bishop Arnold Westphal, together with the cathedral chapter, issued an acknowledgment of receipt / receipt for 200 marks due to the Marientides , which had been invested in the farm and mill by Ritter von Buchwald in Sierhagen . This foundation is also mentioned in the inscription panel. The certificate is now also in the archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck. In 1465 Albert Bisschop is one of two merchants of the third Lübeck in the council of the German merchant in Bruges. In 1467 he is recorded as a senior man of the Hansekontor in Bruges. He died in Bruges in 1468 and was buried in front of the altar of the St. Nicholas Chapel of the Carmelite Church, the church and the meeting room of the Hanseatic merchants in Bruges. The Carmelites and the relatives of the German merchant in Bruges cherished his memory every year before Pentecost.

Drawing (1889) of the bronze traffic light with Bisschop's coat of arms

After his death in 1468, the inscription plaque with content related to the bronze traffic light under the image of Mary he donated was added as a foundation. The plaque shows the coat of arms of Albert Bisschop at the bottom right. It shows a three stars occupied rafters having a dry branch includes. It can also be found on the bronze traffic light, also a Flemish work, but with a bishop's cap in the upper field. The composition of the image of the Virgin Mary and the added inscription panel give the impression of an epitaph ; it is one of the early and rare in northern Germany representatives of a type whose direct comparison pieces can be found in the southern Netherlands, especially in Bruges . Together with the canopy , the epitaph as a dorsal function also served as a retable . The original location was in the first yoke from the west of the northern ambulatory opposite the old sacristy ; 1965 on the north side of the second nave pillar to the north aisle.

literature

  • Uwe Albrecht , Ulrike Nürnberger, Jan Friedrich Richter , Jörg Rosenfeld, Christiane Saumweber: Corpus of medieval wood sculpture and panel painting in Schleswig-Holstein Volume II: Hanseatic City of Lübeck, the works in the urban area. Ludwig, Kiel 2012, ISBN 978-3-933598-76-9 . Pp. 122-124, No. 21
  • Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns : The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Issued by the building authorities. Volume III: Church of Old Lübeck. Dom. Jakobikirche. Aegidia Church. Verlag von Bernhard Nöhring, Lübeck 1920, pp. 9–304. (Unchanged reprint 2001: ISBN 3-89557-167-9 ), pp. 199–201, 275–277
  • Heinrich Dormeier : The lay foundation system in late medieval parish churches: merchants, corporations and Marian veneration in Lübeck , in: The parish in the late Middle Ages ( Enno Bünz , Gerhard Fouquet (ed.)), Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2013, pp. 279-340
  • Antje Grewolls: The chapels of the north German churches in the Middle Ages: architecture and function. Ludwig, Kiel 1999, ISBN 3-9805480-3-1
  • Hildegard Vogeler : Madonnas in Lübeck. An iconographic directory of the medieval representations of the Virgin Mary in the churches and former monasteries of the old town and the St. Anne's Museum. Museum for Art and Cultural History of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Lübeck 1993, p. 136 No. 73
  • Reinhard Karrenbrock: Epitaph of the businessman Albert Bisschop in: Jan Friedrich Richter (Ed.): Lübeck 1500 - Art metropolis in the Baltic Sea region , catalog, Imhoff, Petersberg 2015, pp. 256-258 (No. 31)

Web links

Commons : Albert Bisschop  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Niederstadtbuch 1457 Ascensionis domini , quoted from Wilhelm Ebel : Lübecker Ratsurteile , Volume 1: 1421–1500
  2. ↑ Albrecht, Corpus II , p. 123; not stucco like the Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Free and Hansestadt Lübeck , Volume III, p. 200 write; Hildegard Vogeler is somewhat more reserved with regard to the figure of Albertus Magnus , since the attributes are too undifferentiated .
  3. ↑ The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, p. 94; 129
  4. ↑ So most recently Karrenbrock, Lit.
  5. ↑ The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, p. 201
  6. ^ Archives of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, call number 1459.03.19, Bisschop (Bisschupp)
  7. ↑ The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, p. 276
  8. ↑ According to the architectural and artistic monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, page 276/277
  9. ^ The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, p. 201 with reference to the Hanseatic Document Book
  10. ↑ The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, p. 201 with reference to Hansisches Urkundenbuch, Volume 9 Nos. 229, 388
  11. ↑ The Carmelite Monastery existed from 1258 until it was completely destroyed by the Calvinists in 1579. There is no engraving with the view of this building. The somewhat confused city map by the painter and sculptor Marcus Gerards the Elder in 1562 alone gives a certain idea of ​​the structure of the building. After John Weale: Quarterly Papers on Architecture , Volume 1, 1844, p. 65 ( digitized version )
  12. ↑ The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, p. 201 with reference to Hansisches Urkundenbuch, Volume 9 No. 534
  13. ↑ Otto Fellinger: The Carmelite Order and the German Merchant in the Middle Ages. Cologne 1914, p. 43 ff (p. 53) ( digitized version )
  14. ↑ Rosemarie Wesnigk: Design language Lübeckischer inscriptions in Der Wagen 1953, p. 74-83 (p. 78 ff.)
  15. ↑ see above and the architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Volume III, p. 200 ff .; 276 ff.
  16. ^ Albrecht, Corpus II , p. 124
  17. ^ Photo of the situation before the air raid on Lübeck in 1942 at Photo Marburg
personal data
SURNAME Bisschop, Albert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German long-distance merchant in Flanders
DATE OF BIRTH 14th century or 15th century
PLACE OF BIRTH Lübeck
DATE OF DEATH June 11, 1468
Place of death Bruges