Aleje Ujazdowskie
| Aleja Ujazdowskie | |
|---|---|
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|
 |
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| Aleja Ujazdowski from the south | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Warsaw |
| District | Downtown |
| Created | 18th century |
| Hist. Names | Lindenallee, Siegesallee, Aleja Stalina |
| Connecting roads | Plac Trzech Krzyży, Ulica Belwederska |
| Cross streets | Ulica Wilcza, Ulica Jana Matejki, Ulica Piękna, Ulica Fryderyka Chopina, Aleja Róż, Plac na Rozdrożu (with Ulica Koszykowa and Aleja Wyzwolenia streets), Aleja Armii Ludowej, Aleja Jana Chrystiana Szucha, Ulica Agrykola, Ulica Bagatela |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , individual traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 1,600 meters |
The Aleja Ujazdowskie (German: Ujazdów-Allee or Ujazdowskie-Allee) is a street in Warsaw . This street is part of the Warsaw Royal Route , one of the oldest and most important traffic axes in the city. The avenue runs in the inner city district about 300 meters west and parallel to the Warsaw Vistula embankment (thus also parallel to the Vistula ) over a length of around 1,600 meters. The road begins in the north at Plac Trzech Krzyży and turns into Ulica Belwederska in the south at Belweder Palace . The avenue, which was badly damaged in the Second World War , is one of the most splendid streets in Warsaw, as there are not only important parks here, but also many former residences as well as today's embassies and ministerial offices.
history
In the years 1724 to 1731 part of today's Aleje Ujazdowskie was laid out and laid out as a way of the cross (called: Droga Kalwaryjska ) under Augustus the Strong . The route of the path was based on a design by Joachim Daniel von Jauch and consisted of 14 chapels with the stations of Jesus Christ on the western side. Around 1770 this path was entered into the baroque spatial planning of the time as part of a larger road to be laid out; at this time the chapels were also demolished.
The starting point of the new planning based on a design by August Fryderyk Moszyński was the Ujazdów Palace , from which an avenue was built between 1768 and 1773, leading to today's Plac Na Rozdrożu . This square served as a distributor, from here streets stretched out in a star shape in all directions. The layout of this square corresponded to the French town planning of the time; On the exiting streets, further round squares were created - also based on the French model (including today's traffic roundabouts Plac Zbawiciela , Plac Unii Lubelskiej and Plac Jedności Robotniczej ). The name Al. Ujazdowskie received the new street around 1784. In the final phase of the Kingdom of Poland , the section between Plac Na Rozdrożu and Ulica Piękna was considerably expanded, so that Plac Ujazdowski (German: Ujazdów Square) was built here, in its place in the years From 1893 to 1896 the Ujazdów Park , which still exists today, was laid out.
In 1766, the avenue led over Plac Na Rozdrożu to the Belvedere Palace. Even then there was an important park in Warsaw on the east side of the street - the Łazienki Park .
19th century
At the beginning of the 19th century, the construction of city residences and smaller palaces on Ujazdowski Allee, which served as the seats of Warsaw aristocrats and entrepreneurs. The botanical garden was established in 1818 . On October 7, 1825, the wealthy Polish officer Stanisław Śleszyński of the Order of Basilian acquired a large, until then largely undeveloped area on the west side of the Aleje. Here he set up an amusement park, the Dolina Szwajcarska (German: Swiss valley ), named after the no longer existing arbor in the Swiss style , which opened in 1827. On a small part of the property he had a palace ( Śleszyński Palace ) built for himself. The park located on Ulica Fryderyka Chopina today only exists in a rudimentary form.
Construction activity on the street increased in the second half of the century; Many representative buildings in the eclectic architectural style were built - especially on the west side of the street. At the end of the 19th century, the Aleje were the most elegant promenade in Warsaw.
In 1857 gas lamps were installed on the avenue and in 1879 sewers began to be laid along the street. A horse-drawn tram was set up in the 1890s and was later electrified. The rails of this railway did not run in the middle of the street, but on both sides of the Aleje.
A Church of St. Anne, which stood at the confluence of Ulica Bagatela, was demolished in the 19th century. In it was the tomb of Marcello Bacciarelli . On May 1, 1890, the Aleje was the scene of the first mass demonstration in Warsaw. Around 10,000 workers protested here. The rally was broken up by Russian Cossack units.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, upper- class tenement houses were built on both sides of the section between Plac Trzech Krzyży and Ulica Wilcza . After the establishment of the Second Polish Republic , many of the older residential buildings were used as the seat of envoys and ambassadors.
World War II and post-war period
During the German occupation in World War II, the Aleje belonged to the so-called “German” district; the Polish population was evacuated. The street was named Lindenallee (Polish: Aleja Lipowa ) later Siegesallee (Polish: Aleja Zwycięstwa ). After the planned destruction of large parts of Warsaw, the Aleje were to become part of the new city to be built according to the Pabst plan .
On October 5, 1939, a victory parade of German troops was held in the Aleje, in which Adolf Hitler took part. His grandstand was by the fence facing Ujazdów Park. Some of the oldest color photos of Warsaw were taken on the occasion of the parade. On February 1, 1944, a fatal assassination attempt on the SS and police leader of Warsaw, Franz Kutschera, was carried out on the Aleje at number 23/25 . A memorial stone on the side of the road today commemorates the action of the Szare Szeregi . During the fighting as part of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, the Aleje and most of the buildings were destroyed (mostly by fire).
The post-war reconstruction work lasted until the mid-1950s. After Stalin's death , the street was renamed Aleja Stalina in 1953 . On October 27, 1956, it got its historic name back. After the war, earlier and other embassies moved into buildings on the Aleje, including Switzerland, the United States, Great Britain, New Zealand, Bulgaria and Lithuania. The new buildings of the French, Canadian and German embassies are located in the immediate vicinity of the Aleje (and the Sejm ). There are other embassies in cross streets such as Aleja Róż (India) or Ulica Fryderyka Chopina (Norway). Embassy departments of Japan and Belgium ( Flanders ) are located in Dom Dochodowy at the beginning of the avenue.
After the war, the tram line that had been running on the Aleje was shut down. Trolleybuses operated in their place until March 5, 1967, and since then only normal regular bus services. From 1971 to 1974 an expressway was built between Aleja Ż Wirki i Wigury and the Praga district east of the Vistula . This busy city motorway, called Trasa Łazienkowska , crosses under the Aleje at Plac Na Rozdrożu . There are entrances and exits to Aleje and Plac Na Rozdrożu .
In 2009 the pavements of the Aleje were extensively renovated. A cycle path was also created. For around 18 million zlotys , 242 trees were planted and 20,000 square meters of granite slabs were laid.
On August 15, a military parade takes place annually on the Aleje on the occasion of the Polish Army Day (Polish: Święto Wojska Polskiego ). The park gate to Łazienki Park is regularly used for photo exhibitions. This is one of the reasons why the east side of the Aleje, from Ujazdów Park to the Belweder Palace, is a very popular promenade for the Warsaw population, especially in summer.
Course and construction objects
Despite the high degree of destruction of the buildings on the Aleje in the Second World War, around 95% of the pre-war buildings have been preserved thanks to extensive reconstruction of the old buildings in the 1950s. In addition to the United States Embassy built in 1962, a 10-story residential building on Jana Matejki Street (Aleje Ujazdowskie 34) and the Ministry of Justice building on Fryderyka Chopina Street , no major new buildings were built here after the war. In the 2000s, carefully integrated new buildings and additions to various historical buildings were built.
East side of the road (north to south)
- Plac Trzech Krzyży
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 28 - Former high school for "Queen Jadwiga" (Polish: Dawny Gmach Gimnazjum im. Królowej Jadwigi ), today a training center for teachers (Polish: Centralny Ośrodek Doskonalenia Nauczycieli )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 26 - Ksawery Pusłowski's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Ksawerego Pusłowskiego )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 24 - Apartment building "To the Giants" (Polish: Kamienica pod Gigantami )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 22 - Władysław Ławrynowicz's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Władysława Ławrynowicza ), also called the Dziekoński house after its architect Józef Pius Dziekoński
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 20 - tenement house
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 18 - tenement house
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 16 - tenement house
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 14 - Artichoke Palace , also called Marconi Palace (Polish: Pałac pod Karczochem ), now the seat of the Lithuanian embassy
- Ulica Jana Matejki , the cul-de-sac to Ulica Wiejska , where the government buildings of the Sejm, the Polish Senate and the newly built German embassy are located
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 6a - Lesser Palace also called Rembieliński Palace (Polish: Pałac Aleksandra Rembielińskiego )
- Ulica Piękna - cross street that leads past the embassies of Canada and France
- Ujazdów Park (Polish: Park Ujazdowski )
- Aleja Armii Ludowej flyover - built from 1971
- Ujazdów Castle (Polish: Zamek Ujazdowski )
- Agrykola Park
- Ulica Agrykola - pedestrian zone, separates Agrykola Park from Łazienki Park
- Łazienki Park
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 4 - Botanical Garden (Polish: Ogród Botaniczny ) with the observatory of the Warsaw University , formerly the Ujazdów Cemetery (Polish: Cmentarz Ujazdowski )
- Monument by Józef Piłsudski in the small square in honor of Jerzy Giedroyc (Polish: Skwer Jerzego Giedroyca )
- Belweder Palace
West side of the road (north to south)
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 51 - Aleksander Karszo-Siedlewski's tenement house, also called Anton Luciński's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Lucińskiego , today called Dom Dochodowy ), originally Karol Schneider's distillery (Polish: Kamienica Destylarni Wódek Karola Schneidera ), nowadays also the seat of the embassy New Zealand and Belgium (Flanders)
- Ulica Wilcza - westward street that joins Ulica Koszykowa
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 49 - Jan Kulikiewicz's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Jana Kulikiewicza ), today the seat of the Regional Association of Lawyers (Polish: Okręgowa Rada Adwokacka )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 47 - Ericsson House (Polish: Kamienica Ericssona )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 45 - Józef Monkiewicz's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Józefa Monkiewicza )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 43 - Władysław Umiastowski's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Władysława Umiastowskiego )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 41 - Ignacy Bernstein's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Ignacego Bernsteina )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 39 - Karnicki Palace with the German Historical Institute in Warsaw
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 37 - Anna Mikulicz-Radecka's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Anny Mikulicz-Radeckiej )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 33/35 - Dziewulski Palace , today the seat of the Bulgarian embassy
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31 - United States Embassy Building
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 27 - Villa Rau , today the seat of the Swiss Embassy
- Ulica Piękna - one of the few cross streets
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 25 - Śleszyński Palace
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 23 - Leszczyński Palace used as the embassy building of Yugoslavia and Serbia until the 2000s
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 21 - seat of the Hungarian embassy
- Ulica Fryderyka Chopina , cul-de-sac to Ulica Mokotowska
- Monument by Stefan Rowecki
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 19 - Henryk Kołobrzeg-Kolberg's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Henryka Kołobrzega-Kolberga ), today the seat of various institutions
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 17 - Mikołaj Szelechow's tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Mikołaja Szelechowa )
- Aleja Róż - a side street laid out in 1877, which was named after a rose garden that was located here
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 15 - Eliza Wielopolska's palace (Polish: Pałacyk Wielopolskich , also called Willa Róż ), the seat of the British embassy until 2010
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 13 - Sobański Palace (Polish: Pałac Sobańskich , also called Willa Anieli Bławackiej ), today the seat of an employers' association
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 11 - seat of the Polish Ministry of Justice (Polish: Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości ), formerly the seat of the NKVD
- Plac Na Rozdrożu - with Ulica Koszykowa and Aleja Wyzwolenia streets going west
- Aleja Armii Ludowej flyover
- Alea Jana Chrystiana Szucha - the cul-de-sac to Plac Unii Lubelskiej and Ulica Puławska
- Roman Dmowski Monument
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 9 - Headquarters of the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau (Polish: Centralne Biuro Antykorupcyjne ), formerly the building of the Main Inspectorate of the Polish Armed Forces
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 7 - Headquarters of the Central Crime Laboratory of the Police Headquarters (Polish: Centralne Laboratorium Kryminalistyczne Komendy Głównej Policji )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 1/3/5 - seat of the Polish Council of Ministers (Polish: Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów ), formerly barracks of the cadet corps named after Alexander Wassiljewitsch Suvorov
- Ulica Bagatela - the cul-de-sac to Plac Unii Lubelskiej , where the Swedish Embassy is located
No longer existing buildings (on both sides, from north to south)
Some buildings were not rebuilt, especially after the Second World War. They were replaced by new buildings or open spaces.
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 31 - Wernicki-Villa (Polish: Willa Wernickiego ), not rebuilt after the war, today part of the grounds of the US Embassy
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 29 - Stanisław Lilpop's (Polish: Willa Stanisława Lilpopa ) villa , which was the seat of the United States Embassy before the war. Not rebuilt after the war, instead a new building for the embassy was built here.
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 21 - Rzyszczewski Palace (Polish: Pałac Rzyszczewskiego )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 19 - Spokorny tenement house (Polish: Kamienica Spokornego ), former southern corner building of Aleja Róż, today a square with a monument by Stefan Rowecki
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 18 - tenement house of the Taubenhaus family (Polish: Kamienica Taubenhausa ), adjoined the Lesser Palace to the south, not rebuilt after the war, today there is a small park here
- Aleje Ujazdowskie 12 - Orthodox Church of St. Michael the Archangel (Polish: Cerkiew św. Michała Archanioła Archistratega ). The church existed from 1894 to 1923, after its demolition the Łobzowianek Pavilion (Polish: Pawilon Łobzowianka ) stood here until 1935 , which was replaced by a statue of Piłsudski. Today there is a driveway to Aleja Armii Ludowej here
Trivia
The Polish writer Bolesław Prus moved the house of the Łęcki family to Aleje in his important novel "Lalka" ( The Doll ), which was created between 1887 and 1889, about the unhappy love between a bourgeois merchant and a noblewoman.
literature
- Julius A. Chroscicki, Andrzej Rottermund: Architectural Atlas of Warsaw. 1st edition. Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 216.
- Janina Rukowska: Travel guide to Warsaw and surroundings. 3. Edition. Sport i Turystyka, Warsaw 1982, ISBN 83-217-2380-2 , p. 88.
Web links
- Aleje Ujazdowskie ( Memento of August 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on the City of Warsaw website
- Website of the inner city district of Warsaw ( Memento of October 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- Aleje Ujazdowskie in Warszawa-Wikia
- List of foreign representations in Poland ( memento of October 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), on the website of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in Polish)
- On the history of Aleje Ujazdowskie , with various historical photos (in Polish)
References and comments
- ↑ The Polish adjective form is often adopted in German
- ↑ Until the 1860s the road was singular form Aleja Ujazdowska called, from then on, the nationalized plural form Ujazdów Avenue A
- ↑ a b according to Peter H. Baumgarten (Head): Poland. Baedeker Allianz travel guide. Verlag Karl Baedeker, Ostfildern 1993, ISBN 3-87504-542-4 , p. 417
- ^ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Color photo of Adolf Hitler when the Victory Parade was accepted on October 5, 1939
- ↑ A small section has had this name since the end of the war
- ↑ as in this stretch Aleja Armii Ludowej named
- ↑ Krzysztof Śmietana: Page no longer available , search in web archives: Granitowy salon w Alejach Ujazdowskich at Gazeta.pl Warszawa from August 19, 2009 (Polish)
- ↑ Memorial Day of the Polish Army on the occasion of the anniversary of the Battle of Warsaw in 1920
- ↑ The renovation of Dom Dochodowy , however, aroused public criticism
- ↑ according to Information on the embassy history on the website of the British Embassy in Poland
Structure of the approximately 10 km long Warsaw Royal Route (Polish: Trakt Królewski ) from north (city center) to south (Wilanów)
Coordinates: 52 ° 13 ′ 14 " N , 21 ° 1 ′ 29.8" E