Belwederska Street
| Belwederska Street | |
|---|---|
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| The Ulica Belwederska on the embankment of the Vistula, on the right the “Parkowa” hotel of the Council of Ministers | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Warsaw |
| District | Mokotów |
| Created | 17th century |
| Hist. Names |
Droga Królewska do Wilanowa , Aleja Belwederska , Sonnenstrasse |
| Connecting roads |
Aleje Ujazdowskie , Ulica Jana Sobieskiego |
| Cross streets | 8 on the east side, 6 on the west side |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , individual traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 1,300 meters |
The Ulica Belwederska (German: Belvedere-Straße ) is an approximately 1,300 meter long section of an important north-south traffic axis in Warsaw . The road, laid out in the 17th century, is part of the historical Warsaw Royal Route and connects Aleje Ujazdowskie with Ulica Jana III Sobieskiego - it overcomes the Warsaw Vistula embankment .
history
The street (probably more of a path) was built in the 17th century as part of a connection between Warsaw and Wilanów . At that time it was called Droga Królewska do Wilanowa (German: Royal Way to Wilanów ). From around the beginning of the 19th century until 1940 it was called Aleja Belwederska , which refers to the Belevedere Palace at the transition from Aleje Ujazdowskie to Belwederska . During the German occupation it was called Sonnenstrasse . After 1945 it was renamed Ulica Belwederska .
As early as 1593, a wooden church dedicated to Saints Anna and Margarete was built on today's road (on the edge of the Vistula embankment) . This building was demolished in 1818. In 1659 a palace for Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac was built in the neighborhood , which later became today's Belvedere.
City limits in the 18th century
In the 18th century, the city limits of Warsaw ran at this point approximately at the level of the Vistula embankment. Mokotów, which was not yet incorporated at the time, joined this to the west . In 1770 entrenchment fortifications were built, which included only a smaller section of the road. Outside the earth fortifications were buildings by Domenico Merlini , the court architect of King Stanislaus August Poniatowski .
The area between Ulica Puławska and Belwederska belonged to a large part of the Lubomirski family . A park extended from the various buildings (including the Szuster and Lubomirski Palais ) of the Lubomirskis on the Puławska to what is now Belwederska . In 1780 was Izabela Lubomirska of Simon Gottlieb train near today's Ulica Grottgera a pavilion shaped like a castle ruins create.
Belvedere Palace
Ministry of Defense
Archives of the Council of Ministers
Wilkoszewski Villa
Jaroszewicz Villa
Commercial area in the 19th century
Brick factories had already sprung up at Belwederska in the second half of the 18th century . The largest belonged to Merlini, and there were five other brick factories. After 1830 part of these brickworks came into the possession of Laurentius Mikulski. He had workers' houses built near them - the first of its kind in Warsaw. The mining of clay in pits and the construction of the necessary water channels led to the later creation of ponds, some of which are still preserved in Park Morskie Oko today.
Another big employer on Belwederska was a factory for the manufacture of dairy pots on the corner of Ulica Piaseczyńska called “K. Miller i Spółka ”. Around 100 workers were employed here.
In 1881 a nursing home for the paralyzed was built on the corner of Ulica Sułkowicka , which was run by the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Warsaw. The building was constructed according to the design by Jan Kacper Heurich . After 1899 a pavilion by Józef Pius Dziekoński was added here.
In part of the “Morskie Oko” park, a small amusement park called “Promenada” was created. There was also a restaurant of the same name there. Its owner, Koller, had a narrow-gauge railway line laid from here to the guard house of the Belvedere Palace . This railway was the origin of the narrow-gauge railway line Warsaw-Piaseczno operated from 1892 to 1957 from Plac Unii Lubelskiej in Warsaw via Wilanów and Powsin to Konstancin .
Bike races and later also car races were held on Belwederska .
Park "Morskie Oko"
Sikorski memorial stone
Memorial stone "Reduta Magnet"
Hotel "Hera" (1953)
Russian Embassy (1958)
Development in the 20th century
In 1908, Belwederska was connected to Warsaw's urban area as far as the transverse Ulica Promenada ; however, the area between Ulica Humańska and Ulica Dworkowa remained with the village of Mokotów. After independence , Belwederska was paved throughout.
The first tenement houses were built along Belwederska at the turn of the century. Between the world wars, single-family houses were built (in the good location near Łazienki Park , elegant villas, including the no longer preserved villa of General Władysław Sikorski on the corner of Turecka Street ) were built. In the 1930s, residential buildings for the Polish state social security were also built . Since the road was increasingly used by passenger transport, garages, petrol stations and workshops were also built, especially on the east side.
In the war year 1939 , only little was damaged here. However, some of the adjacent factories were destroyed in the fighting of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. Especially at the so-called "Magnet-Schanze" (Polish: Reduta AK Magnet Bruhn-Werke ), which owes its name to the electromechanical Bruhn-Werk (a supplier to the German Air Force ) on the corner of Promenada and Ulica Piaseczyńska . There were violent firefights between insurgents and German troops. The Polish unit O-2 of the "Baszta" regiment defended this position from August 17 to September 22, 1944.
After the war, many of the preserved monuments on the Belwederska were demolished. In 1952, the Zug castle ruins from the 18th century were destroyed. In 1966 the Sikorski villa was demolished and after 1970 the institution for the paralyzed, which led to protests by the population.
Development from the 1950s, formerly "Synthesa"
Russian Trade Mission (1976)
University (1980)
Hotel "Hyatt" (2002)
New apartment house (2010)
Course and construction objects
The Belwederska starts - from the city center coming - in a small square north of Belvedere Palace, where the Ujazdów Avenue end, and goes with the cross streets Ulica Chełmska or Ulica Dolna in the Ulica Jana Sobieskiego over. Another seven streets branch off from it on the east side and five streets on the west side. The southern part of Belwederska has three lanes, with the third lane being temporarily reserved for local public transport. In the northern section it consists of only two lanes each; the strip running to the south tapers to just one lane at the Belvedere Palace due to a lack of space.
East side of the road (north to south)
- Skwer Jerzego Giedroycia with a monument by Józef Piłsudski
- Belwederska 54/56 - Belvedere Palace
- To the west of the Łazienki Park
- Belwederska 52 - Archives of the Council of Ministers
- Parkowa Street , closed to public traffic
- Belwederska 46/50 - Parkowa Hotel of the Council of Ministers
- Aleksandra Sułkiewicza Street
- Belwederska / Sułkiewicza - Hotel "Belwederski", owner of the 3-star hotel from the 1970s is the hotel group WAM
- Belwederska 44 A - "Willa Wilkoszewskich" (German: Wilkoszewski-Villa ). The building was built between 1927 and 1928 based on a project by Józef Czajkowski. The irregular ensemble consists of a recessed, two-story main house with two small wing buildings that surround a small courtyard . The narrow southern wing building also has two floors, the larger one to the north only has one. Behind the main house there is a 600 square meter garden. The complex is a typical example of the Polish manor house style of the interwar period. On the facade there are decorative elements of Art Deco . The building has been empty for years and is accordingly neglected
- Belwederska 44 B (in the backyard of Belwederska 44 ) - "Willa Jaroszewicza" (German: Jaroszewicz-Villa ). Antoni Jaroszewicz's apartment building in the Italian style, built at the beginning of the 20th century, whose city residence was at 33 Marszałkowska Street . In 1927, Eugenia Lewicka, the then lover of Józef Piłsudski, lived in a four-room apartment here
- Belwederska 40/42 - The apartment house from the end of the 1930s impresses with its tight, functionalist architecture of the time. The architects of the building were Helena Syrkusowa and Szymon Syrkus . The lobbies were furnished with alabaster , some of which is still there
- Lądowa Street
- Belwederska 34/36/38 - 4 blocks of flats built from 1938 to 1939 according to plans by Janina and Jerzy Poznański by the Polish State Social Insurance Institution ZUS
- Belwederska 32 - Kamienica Grohmana (German: Grohman-Mietshaus ). Pre-war luxury apartment block designed by the architect Józef Steinberg. The building, which is now heavily soiled, has balanced proportions and a noble natural stone facade. It was damaged during the fighting in 1944. The last pre-war owner, Karol Grohman, is commemorated on a plaque
- Belwederska 26/30 - Hotel “Hera”. The property, which today belongs to the properties of the University of Warsaw and is used by it as a hotel, was built in 1953 as a student residence for the University of Social Sciences on the basis of a project by the architects Wacław Kłyszewski, Jerzy Mokrzyński and Eugeniusz Wierzbicki. Erected in the time of socialist-realistic architecture, echoes of modernism and Biedermeier can also be found here . The “Czarownica” (The Witch) restaurant is operated in the building
- Jurija Gagarina Street
- Belwederska 20/22 - Dom Książki "Uniwersus" (German: House of Books ). At this point there were buildings for the care of the paralyzed. There was also a wooden manor house - named after its owner, the director of a porcelain factory in Ćmielów, "Dworek Świętochowskiego" (German: Świętochowski House ). The buildings were demolished in the late 1960s. The House of Books was built here from 1975 to 1981 based on a project by the architects Leszek Sołonowicz, Ryszard Lisiewicz and Arkadiusz Starski. In the "Uniwersus" a large selection of Polish and Russian-language books was offered. In 1980 the three-story building received an award from the City of Warsaw. Today there are offices and various service providers in the building
- Belwederska 18a - Willa Neumanów (German: Neumann-Villa ). The villa was built from 1928 to 1929 based on a project by Marcin Weinfeld. A ceramic sundial on the facade is worth seeing . Today the upper-class restaurant "Różana" is located here, in which Angela Merkel was also a guest
- Ulica Sułkowicka . On the corner (Sułkowicka 3) is the "Willa Czerwona" (German: Rote Villa )
- Sułkowicka 2/4 - “Belvedere Residence”. This 10-storey building with 65 luxury apartments was built between 2005 and 2008 under the architects' office APAR and the developer LD Sp. Z oo . The building, which has a usable area of almost 20,000 square meters and is designed in the 1930s, features a winter garden under a glass dome and large mirrors and sculptures in the lobby area
- Belwederska 16 - Today there is an unsightly, two-story police car maintenance building (1st district headquarters) here. The original building was built in 1929 according to a project by the architect Edward Seyden Beutel, who set up a branch of the “Auto Koncern” company in a sensational avant-garde style. The company sold and repaired Chrysler and Fiat cars, among others . After the war, the original three-storey building was built on two floors, the previously elegantly structured front with garage entrances was walled up
- Belwederska / Nabielaka - Embassy of the Slovak Republic . This villa from the beginning of the 20th century, which was originally built for Paulina Wierzbicka, is located at Nabielaka 4 . It got its current appearance after a renovation in 1928. Before the war, the Sielce felt factory (Polish: Sielecka Fabryka Filców ) was located in the vicinity of the villa, producing cheap felt hats mainly for the rural population.
- Ulica Ludwika Nabielaka
- Belwederska 10 - pre-war tenement house
- Belwederska / Turecka - bust of Władysław Sikorski . The general's villa, which he lived in from 1923 to 1939, was located here. The work of the artist Bohdan Chmielewski was installed on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Sikorski on June 20, 1981. There is a small museum dedicated to him in the current building. Next to the rental block is a remnant of the wall of the former Sikorski villa with a memorial plaque
- Turecka Street
- Chełmska Street
West side of the road (north to south)
- Bagatela Street
- Klonowa Street
- Belwederska / Klonowa - Polish Ministry of Defense
- Belwederska 49 - Building of the Russian Embassy in Warsaw . Further objects were later built on the large grounds of the embassy built in the 1950s. This includes under the address
- Belwederska 25 - the Russian Trade Mission and the Russian Science and Culture Center . The Russian Consulate in Warsaw is located in the same building, albeit at number 25C
- Belwederska 23 - Hotel Hyatt Regency
- Ulica Spacerowa
- Belwederska 17 - a pre-war tenement house, part of the former Grottger district named after Artur Grottger
- Artura Grottgera Street
- Park “Morskie Oko” and the “Promenade Pond” (Polish: Staw Promenada ). The park, which extends from the embankment of the Vistula in Mokotów to the southeast, was created by Simon Bogumil Zug to complement a romantic garden and palace complex of the Izabela Lubomirska. In 1820 it passed into the possession of Anna Potocka. At that time it was known in French as “Mon coteau” (German: “My hill”). The lower part of the park, located near Belwederska, was leased in the 20th century to create the “Promenada” amusement park
- Belwederska / Promenada - Bruhn-Werk - Memorial stone honoring the achievements of the units of the Polish Home Army deployed here during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944
- Ulica Promenada
- Piaseczyńska Street
- Belwederska / Dolna - today there are apartment blocks from the 1950s and local retail outlets in a pavilion. Before the construction of this ensemble, the Synthesa Sp. Z oo factory was producing ether at this point , which led to considerable odor nuisance in the area. The chemical company was founded in 1895 and has been operating under the name “Synthesa” since 1931. After the war, first transferred to state ownership, the factory was demolished in the 1950s
- Ulica Dolna
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to a listing of historic street names in Warsaw from Trasbus.com , accessed on September 12, 2011
- ↑ incorporated today in the Warsaw district of Wilanów
- ↑ according to Information / Photos ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Twierdza.guide-warsaw.com (in Polish, accessed September 13, 2011)
- ↑ according to difficult to read inscription on the memorial stone on the Promenada
- ^ Józef Czajkowski (1872–1947) was a Polish painter, architect and educator
- ↑ according to Information Willa Wilkoszewskich bei Warszawa w obiektywie (in Polish, accessed on September 16, 2011)
- ↑ The investor and opera patron Antoni Jaroszewicz was a co-owner of the spa in today's Lithuanian Druskininkai . Here Eugenia Lewicka worked as a doctor, acc. Andrzej Garlicki, Romansy i awansy ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Interia.pl from January 16, 2008 (in Polish)
- ^ Eugenia Lewicka (1896–1931) was a Polish doctor and physiotherapist
- ↑ according to Andrzej Garlicki, Romansy i awansy at Polityka.pl from November 4, 2009 (in Polish)
- ↑ Karol Grohman († 1940) came from a family of industrialists in Łódź and was a co-founder of the “Lewiatan” employers' association
- ^ Marcin Weinfeld (1884–1965) was a Polish architect
- ↑ according to Information Belvedere Residence at Urbanity.pl (accessed on September 17, 2011)
- ↑ see historical photo ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the property from 1936 (accessed on September 14, 2011)
- ↑ Jan Bohdan Chmielewski (* 1927) is a Polish sculptor and professor emeritus at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
- ↑ Anna Potocka, b. Tyszkiewicz (1779–1867) was the daughter-in-law of Stanisław Kostka Potocki
- ↑ according to Article Zakłady Chemiczne "Synthesa" Spółka z oo ul. Dolna 4 at Made in Warszawa (in Polish, accessed on September 15, 2011)
literature
- Julius A. Chroscicki and Andrzej Rottermund: Architectural Atlas of Warsaw. 1st edition, Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 51f.
Web links
- Ulica Belwederska in the Warszawa Wiki
- Jerzy S. Majewski, Sielce wzdłuż Belwederskiej at Gazeta.pl from June 14, 2007 (in Polish)
- Belwederska at UTM Ulice Twojego Miasta (in Polish, September 17, 2011)
Structure of the approximately 10 km long Warsaw Royal Route (Polish: Trakt Królewski ) from north (city center) to south (Wilanów)
Coordinates: 52 ° 12 '27.4 " N , 21 ° 1' 48.9" E