Alexander Alexejewitsch Chernyshev

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Alexander Alekseyevich Chernyshov ( Russian Александр Алексеевич Чернышёв ; born August 9 . Jul / 21st August  1882 greg. In Lowen, Ujesd Gorodnja ; † 18th April 1940 in Leningrad ) was a Russian electrical engineer and university professor .

Life

Tschernyschow, son of a lawyer , graduated from the high school in Nemirow with a gold medal. He then studied from 1902 to 1907 at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute (PI) in the Department of Electromechanics , graduating as an electrical engineer. He stayed at the institute to prepare for teaching. In 1908 he became a laboratory assistant in the PI's electrical engineering laboratory . He developed devices for measuring the highest voltages and contributed to the establishment of the laboratory for high voltage . In 1913 he defended his dissertation on absolute measurements in high voltage networks . In the same year he was sent to the USA on a two-year scholarship from the Department of Industry and Commerce to study high voltage engineering. There he also studied the electrification of the railroad and some hydropower plants . After his return he set up the laboratory for radio technology and a radio telegraphy course at PI . At the same time, he was a consultant to the L. M. Ericsson factory.

from left: Iwan Wassiljewitsch Obreimow , Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow , Paul Ehrenfest , Abram Fjodorowitsch Joffe, Alexander Alexejewitsch Tschernyschow (1924)

After the October Revolution , teaching at the PI initially stopped. Chernyshev in his laboratory worked on improving the electron tube and invented two new types. In the autumn of 1918 he organized the new State Physics-Technical Institute (FTI) together with Abram Fjodorowitsch Joffe , in which Joffe headed the physical department as director and Tschernyschow headed the technical department as deputy director. At the same time Tschernyschow taught again at the PI and in 1919 was elected professor and head of the chair for radio technology.

Since the 1920s, Chernyshov made important contributions to the GOELRO electrification program with his studies of high-voltage networks . Using the 110 V - line he produced in 1922 the telephone line Moscow - Kashira . In 1929 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR).

In 1931 Chernyshev became director of the new Leningrad Institute of Electrophysics (LEFI). He developed devices for the transmission of images and was thus one of the pioneers of television . In 1932 a LEFI laboratory became the Institute for Telemechanics, which in 1935 became the Institute for Television. In 1932 Tschernyschow became a real member of the AN-SSSR. Chernyshev's work on automation led to the establishment of the Institute for Automation in December 1932. In 1933, the LEFI was merged with the FTI. The staff of the LEFI included Dmitri Apollinarijewitsch Roschanski , Yuri Borissowitsch Kobsarew , Alexander Nikolayewitsch Schchukin , Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Papaleksi , Vladimir Vasilievich Migulin , Valentin Petrovich Vologdin , Nikolai Nikolayevich Andreev and Boris Konstantinovich .

When the LEFI was taken over by the People's Commissariat of the Aviation Industry in 1935 and converted into the NII-9 research institute for the development of electromagnetic radiation weapons against aircraft, Chernyshev left the institute and concentrated on teaching at the PI's high-voltage engineering department. He became chairman of the all-union engineering company for energy technology and headed the commission for direct current of the AN-SSSR. To do this, in 1936 he became head of the gas discharge laboratory of the Moscow Energy Institute .

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Russian Academy of Sciences: Чернышев Александр Алексеевич (accessed January 19, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Russian Academy of Sciences: ЧЕРНЫШЕВ Александр Алексеевич (08/21 (08/9) .1882– 04/18/1940) (accessed January 19, 2019).
  3. ↑ Рогинский В. Ю .: Александр Алексеевич Чернышев, 1882–1940 . Nauka , Moscow 1998, ISBN 5-02-000763-3 .
  4. ↑ Chernyshev AA: Абсолютные измерения в высоковольтных цепях . тип. М.М. Стасюлевича, St. Petersburg 1913.
personal data
SURNAME Tschernyschow, Alexander Alexejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Чернышёв, Александр Алексеевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian electrical engineer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH August 21, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Lowen, Ujesd Gorodnja
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1940
Place of death Leningrad