Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Andrejew (physicist)

Nikolai Nikolayevich Andreyev ( Russian Николай Николаевич Андреев * July 16 ^{. Jul} / 28. July  1880 ^{. Greg} in Kurmani , Poltava Governorate , † 31 December 1970 in Moscow ) was a Ukrainian - Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Andreyev, son of a noble official, entered high school in 1890 and in 1893 in the 3rd Moscow Cadet Corps , which he graduated in 1898. Then he began studying at the Moscow Technical University . In 1899 he was excluded from studying for involvement in student unrest and banished to the Saratov governorate for a year , where he was under police supervision. After returning to Moscow, he worked in various positions and was a guest student at Moscow University (MGU) from 1900–1902 . He studied mathematics and translated a fundamental work by Henri Poincaré into Russian . Since he was unable to study at Russian universities, he went abroad in 1904 to study at the University of Göttingen . From 1906 he studied at the University of Basel , graduating in 1909 as Dr. phil. Since 1908 he was a member of the Société française de physique .

After his return in 1909, Andreyev taught physics at Moscow high schools. In 1910 he became an assistant in Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev's laboratory. In 1912 he became a laboratory assistant and in 1914 private lecturer at the physics and mathematics faculty of the MGU. During the First World War he headed the anti- gas laboratory and developed a gas dosimeter. To this end, he made attempts at the acoustic localization of approaching aircraft. In 1917 he defended his master's thesis .

After the October Revolution , Andreev was Professor of Theoretical and Practical Mechanics at Saratov University during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1919 .

In 1920 Andreyev became head of the laboratory at the Moscow State Institute of Experimental Electrical Engineering . In 1922 he became an active member of the new research institute for physics at MGU. In 1923 he organized the popular science magazine Iskra and edited it until 1927. 1924–1925 he worked again as a professor at the MGU.

In 1926 Andreyev became head of the acoustics department and deputy director of the Leningrad Laboratory of Physics and Technology, which in 1930 became the Institute of Electrophysics . In addition, he was a lecturer and then professor at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (LPI) until 1938. From 1930 he was editor-in-chief of the journal for technical physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). In 1933 he was elected a corresponding member of the AN-SSSR. In 1934 he was awarded a doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences with the entirety of his work without defending a dissertation . The main research areas were non-linear acoustics, sound propagation in thin layers and electromechanically active materials. Andrejew initiated the establishment of the Research Institute of the Music Industry , the Acoustics Chair of the Budyonny Military Academy of the Telecommunications Force and the Acoustics Laboratory for Building Acoustics for the Palace of the Soviets .

From 1940 Andreev worked in the Moscow Lebedev Institute for Physics of the AN-SSSR. During the German-Soviet War he led groups of scientists for the fleets on the Black Sea , the Caspian Sea and the Baltic Sea . In 1953 he became a full member of the AN-SSSR and department head of the Moscow Acoustics Institute of the AN-SSSR, which had just been founded on his initiative on the basis of the Acoustics Laboratory of the Lebedev Institute, and a member of the International Commission for Acoustics . 1955–1962 he was editor-in-chief of the Akustitscheski Schurnal .

In 1955 Andreyev signed the letter of the three hundred to the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union against Lysenkoism , which led to the resignation of Lysenko and his supporters from their leading positions and which was only published in Pravda in January 1989 with cuts .

In 1959 Andrejew received an honorary doctorate from the Technical University of Dresden . In 1960 he became an external member of the Polish Academy of Sciences .

The acoustics institute and a research ship were named after Andreev.

Honors

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1944)
• Order of Lenin (1945, 1950, 1953, 1970)
• Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1960)
• Hero of Socialist Labor (1970)

Web links

• Literature by and about Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Andrejew (physicist) in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Landeshelden: Андреев Николай Николаевич (accessed on February 22, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Большая российская энциклопедия: АНДРЕ́ЕВ Николай Николаевич (accessed February 22, 2019).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} АНДРЕЕВ, Николай Николаевич . In: Great Soviet Encyclopedia . tape II , 1926, p. 736 ( Wikisource [accessed February 22, 2019]).
4. ↑ JA Chramow: Andrejew Nikolai Nikolajewitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physicists: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka , Moscow 1983, p. 17 (Russian).
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} RAN: Андреев Николай Николаевич (accessed February 24, 2019).
6. ↑ Sakharov IK, Schumny WK : К 50-летию " Письма трёхсот " . In: Вестник ВОГиС . tape 9 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 12 ( ihst.ru [PDF; accessed on February 22, 2019]).