Allenrolfea

Allenrolfea
	Allenrolfea occidentalis
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily :	Salicornioideae
Tribe :	Salicornieae
Genre :	Allenrolfea
Scientific name
	Allenrolfea
	Kuntze

Allenrolfea is a genus of plants in the foxtail family(Amaranthaceae). They are shrubby salt plants with fleshy, apparently articulatedstemsand greatly reduced leaves and flowers. The three or so species are common in North and South America.

description

Illustration of Allenrolfea patagonica

Allenrolfea occidentalis on a salt lake in Death Valley

Vegetative characteristics

The Allenrolfea styles are subshrubs or shrubs with upright or lying down growth. The richly branched stems appear articulated and glabrous and fleshy.

The alternate leaves are fleshy, glabrous, reduced to small, broad triangular scales, in the lower part encompassing the stem, with entire margins and pointed.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are arranged in a spiral in terminal, sham-eared inflorescences . The cymes each contain three or five flowers in the axilla of a fleshy, shield-shaped, later sloping bract .

The flowers are hermaphroditic. The inflorescence consists of four to five connected bracts , the angular free lobes of which are trimmed at the top. The one or two stamens protrude from the flower envelope. There are two to three scars .

Fruits and seeds

The egg-shaped fruit is compressed, its membranous pericarp is not overgrown. The upright seeds are brown or reddish-brown, elongated, with a smooth surface. There is abundant nutrient tissue. The embryo is semi-circular.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 9.

Occurrence

Of the three Allenrolfea species, one is common in North America from the southwestern United States to Mexico , and the other two are only found in Argentina in South America .

They colonize sandy elevations in salt flats and clay pans . In the United States, they grow at altitudes of 1,000 to 1,700 meters.

Systematics

The genus Allenrolfea was established in 1891 by Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze . With this he replaced the invalid name Spirostachys S. Watson , (this is illegitimate because Spirostachys Sond. Already existed). The type species is Allenrolfea occidentalis . The generic name honors the English botanist Robert Allen Rolfe .

The genus Allenrolfea includes three species:

Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Watson) Kuntze : It is distributed in North America in the southwestern US states of Arizona , California , Idaho , New Mexico , Nevada , Oregon , Texas as well as Utah and Mexico .
Allenrolfea patagonica (Moq.) Kuntze : It occurs only in Argentina .
Allenrolfea vaginata (Griseb.) Kuntze : It occurs only in Argentina.

The genus Allenrolfea is closely related to the genus Heterostachys , which is also common in the New World. Their common lineage developed very early (in the Early to Middle Oligocene ), in the same period as the early Eurasian lineages of the Salicornieae . Presumably they reached America long before any other American representative of the Salicornieae.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Leila M. Shultz: Allenrolfea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 321 (English). , online.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gudrun Kadereit, Ladislav Mucina, Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae): diversification, biogeography, and evolutionary trends in leaf and flower morphology. In: Taxon , Volume 55, Issue 3, 2006, p. 624.
^ Allenrolfea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b FO Zuloaga, O. Morrone, MJ Belgrano, C. Marticorena, E. Marchesi (eds.) 2008: Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107 (1-3): i-xcvi, 1-3348. Allenrolfea patagonica .
↑ ^a ^b FO Zuloaga, O. Morrone, MJ Belgrano, C. Marticorena, E. Marchesi (eds.) 2008: Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107 (1-3): i-xcvi, 1-3348. Allenrolfea vaginata .
^ Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze: Revisio Generum Plantarum , 2, 1891, pp. 545-546. First description scanned at BHL.
^ Allenrolfea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 29, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Allenrolfea - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikispecies: Allenrolfea - Species Directory

[FoNA-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Leila M. Shultz: Allenrolfea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 321 (English). , online.

[Kadereit-2] Gudrun Kadereit, Ladislav Mucina, Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae): diversification, biogeography, and evolutionary trends in leaf and flower morphology. In: Taxon , Volume 55, Issue 3, 2006, p. 624.

[IPCN-3] Allenrolfea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Zuloaga_p-4] FO Zuloaga, O. Morrone, MJ Belgrano, C. Marticorena, E. Marchesi (eds.) 2008: Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107 (1-3): i-xcvi, 1-3348. Allenrolfea patagonica .

[Zuloaga_v-5] FO Zuloaga, O. Morrone, MJ Belgrano, C. Marticorena, E. Marchesi (eds.) 2008: Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107 (1-3): i-xcvi, 1-3348. Allenrolfea vaginata .

[Kuntze-6] Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze: Revisio Generum Plantarum , 2, 1891, pp. 545-546. First description scanned at BHL.

[tropicos-7] Allenrolfea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 29, 2016.