Allophylus

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Allophylus
Allophylus cobbe, illustration

Allophylus cobbe , illustration

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family : Soap tree family (Sapindaceae)
Subfamily : Sapindoideae
Genre : Allophylus
Scientific name
Allophylus
L.

Allophylus is a plant genus in the family of the soap tree plants (Sapindaceae). The approximately 200 species arewidespreadin the tropics and subtropics .

description

Foliage leaf and, in the background, inflorescence of Allophylus africanus
Wood sample from Allophylus timoriensis

Appearance and leaves

The Allophylus species are always woody plants that usually grow as shrubs or rarely as trees or lianas .

The alternate leaves are stalked or almost sessile. The leaf blades are divided in the shape of a hand and consist of one to five leaf sections. The leaf margins are usually serrated, sometimes smooth. There are no stipules.

Inflorescences and flowers

Allophylus species are monoecious ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ) separate sexes. The lateral, zymous total inflorescences have the shape of racemose thyrses and can be composed of several racemose partial inflorescences. The supporting (bracts) and cover sheets (Brakteolen) are small and pfriemförmig or lanceolate.

The unisexual flowers are small, zygomorphic, and fourfold. Of the four sepals , the two outer ones are elliptical and slightly smaller and the two inner two are almost circular. The four petals form two pairs, the lower pair having scales at its base. The four-part disc has gland-like lobes with truncated or blunt upper ends. The male flowers usually contain eight, sometimes fewer, stamens that protrude above the crown and whose stamens are free or fused below their center. The female flowers contain a top permanent two- to three seldom shared or dreikammerigen ovary , the parts of which are almost spherical to obovate. Each ovary chamber / section contains only one ovule . The stylus is fused up to the top or mostly divided into two, rarely three parts almost to the base and ends in two to three back-curved scars.

Fruits and seeds

The split fruits disintegrate into two or three berry-like, almost spherical to obovate partial fruits, whereby often only one of them is fully developed. The exocarp is fleshy and juicy, and the endocarp is hard. The seeds have almost the same shape as the partial fruits and contain an arched and recurved embryo .

Chromosome numbers

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

distribution

The genus Allophylus has a wide distribution in the tropics and subtropics . There are around 100 species in the Neotropic . In Madagascar there are about 18 species, 17 of them only there. Around 15 species are listed for Ecuador and around 13 species for Bolivia. There are about eleven species in China . Only five species and one natural hybrid occur in Zimbabwe .

Some Allophylus species are listed on the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species .

Systematics

The genus Allophylus was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 348. Type species is Allophylus zeylanicus L.

A synonym for Allophylus L. is Schmidelia L. The genus Allophylus belongs to the subfamily Sapindoideae within the family Sapindaceae .

The genus Allophylus needs a taxonomic revision . Because the last scientific treatment of this genus by PW Leenhouts in A conspectus of the genus Allophylus (Sapindaceae) , In: Blumea , Volume 15, 1967, pp. 301–358, firstly, is long ago and secondly, it is based on problematic data.

There are about 200 Allophylus typologies:

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Nianhe Xia, Paul A. Gadek: Sapindaceae. : Allophylus , p. 21 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007 ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Allophylus at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Allophylus , 2008 in Madagascar Catalog .
  3. ↑ Carmen Ulloa Ulloa & Peter Møller Jørgensen: Allophylus in Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador .
  4. ↑ Allophylus in the Bolivia Checklist .
  5. ^ Entry in the Flora of Zimbabwe .
  6. ↑ Allophylus agbala in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: MB Ndjele, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus aldabricus in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2011. Posted by: World Conservation Monitoring Center., 1998 accessed on 11 October 2011. Allophylus bullatus in the endangered Red list species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: C. Hilton-Taylor & CM Pollock, 2004. accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus chirindensis in the Red list of threatened species of IUCN 2011. Posted by: World Conservation monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus dodsonii in the Red list of threatened species of the IUCN 2011. Posted by: J. Santiana & N. Pitman, 2004. Accessed 11 October 2011 . Allophylus hispidus in the endangered Red list species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: World Conservation monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus marque sensis in the Red list of threatened Ar th the IUCN 2011. Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus pachyphyllus in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2011. Posted by: World Conservation Monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011th Allophylus rapensis in the endangered Red list species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus rhoidiphyllus in the Red list of threatened species of the IUCN 2011. Posted by: AG Miller, 1998. Retrieved on 11 October 2011. Allophylus rhomboidalis in the endangered Red list species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus roigii in the Red list of threatened species of the IUCN 2011. Posted by: AE Areces -Mallea, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus zeylanicus in the Red list of threatened species of the IUCN 2011. Posted by: World Conservation monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011. Allophylus zim mermannianus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: J. Lovett & GP Clarke, 1998. Accessed October 11, 2011th
  7. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  8. ^ Allophylus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 9, 2017.
  9. ^ Allophylus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Allophylus  - collection of images, videos and audio files