Alpine bulrush

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alpine bulrush
Alpine bulrush (Juncus alpinus), illustration

Alpine bulrush ( Juncus alpinus ), illustration

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Rush Family (Juncaceae)
Genre : Rushes ( Juncus )
Type : Alpine bulrush
Scientific name
Juncus alpinus
Vill.

The alpine rush or mountain rush ( Juncus alpinus , synonym : Juncus alpinoarticulatus ) is a plant species from the rush family (Juncaceae) that occurs predominantly in the Alps on bog sites .

features

The alpine rush is a perennial , herbaceous plant with a short, horizontal creeping rhizome . It reaches stature heights of 10 to 70, rarely from 5 to 80 cm. The plant is bright green and grows loose grass.

The flower-bearing stems are smooth and round, or slightly compressed. At the base, they have 0 to 1 reddish to reddish brown, leaf -free leaf sheaths and 3 (rarely 2 to 5) stem leaves. Sterile shoots are leafy at the base. The leaf blades are approximately stalk-round, coarse, monotube and have transverse walls. The upper leaf sheaths have two short, clipped ears.

The inflorescence is terminal and is a branched, consisting of 25 to 50 heads Spirre . Their branches are upright, rarely bent back. The lowest bract is significantly shorter than the spirre. The flowers have no bracts and are available in 3- to 6-blooded, 3 to 4 mm wide head. The tepals are 2 to 3 mm long, equal or unequal in length and egg-shaped. The outer ones have a spiked tip below the tip. They are red to dark brown to almost black. The inner ones are blunt, have a distinct skin edge and are shorter than the fruit. The six stamens are about half as long as the perigone. The anthers are 0.4 to 0.7 mm long and shorter than the filaments. Flowering time is June to August, self-pollination predominates .

The capsule fruit is as long as or slightly longer than the perigone. It is triangular-egg-shaped, has a short spiked tip, is red to black-brown, shiny black at the tip and is single-fan. The seeds are 0.55 to 0.6 mm long and have a net surface.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Occurrence

The alpine rush is widespread in Central Europe south of the Danube and in the Upper Rhine area, north of it rare to scattered. In Schleswig-Holstein it is either extinct or lost. It is widespread in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere.

It grows in flat or spring moors , on damp mats, wet meadows and in ditches. It prefers wet, moderately nutrient-rich, mostly calcareous muddy and sandy alluvial soils. It occurs from the collines to the subalpine , rarely also in the alpine altitude range up to about 2000 m. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at Haldenwanger Eck in Bavaria up to 1900 meters above sea level.

In terms of plant sociology , it is an association character type of Juncetum alpini ( Caricion bicolori-atrofuscae ), but also occurs in societies of the associations Caricion lasiocarpae, Caricion fuscae or Agropyro-Rumicion.

Systematics

The following six subspecies can be distinguished:

  • Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. alpestris (Hartm.) Hämet-Ahti : It occurs in northern and northeastern Europe.
  • Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. alpinoarticulatus : It occurs from Europe to the Caucasus and in Morocco.
  • Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti : It occurs in Far Eastern Asiatic Russia and from subarctic North America to the central United States.
  • Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. fischerianus (Turcz. ex VIKrecz.) Hämet-Ahti : It occurs from north-east Europe to Far Eastern Asiatic Russia and in the Chinese province of Hebei.
  • Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. fuscescens (Fernald) Hämet-Ahti : It is found in the northern and central United States.
  • Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. rariflorus (Hartm.) Holub : It occurs from Northern Europe to Siberia.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 149 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 301.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Juncus alpinoarticulatus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 8, 2016.

Web links