Old Dettenheim

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Memorial stone in the former center of Alt-Dettenheim (2012)

Alt-Dettenheim is the current name for the village of Dettenheim , which was abandoned in 1813 because of its proximity to the course of the Rhine . The residents were relocated to Karlsdorf . Alt-Dettenheim is located in the Baden-Württemberg district of Karlsruhe in the area of ​​today's municipality of Dettenheim , which was created in 1975 as part of the regional reform from the merger of the municipalities of Liedolsheim and Rußheim and took over the name of the lost town in 1978.

Village and course of the Rhine

Course of the Rhine near Dettenheim between 1700 and 1880

Dettenheim was first mentioned in 788 in the Lorsch Codex . Around 1100 the monastery of Hördt , a monastery of the Augustinian canons , came into possession of rights in Dettenheim by donation. After the Reformation the monastery was secularized and Dettenheim became the property of the Electoral Palatinate .

The district of Dettenheim belonged exclusively to the Rhine lowlands . In the area, which is small compared to neighboring towns, dominated by forests; the proportion of fields and meadows was small. Dettenheim is one of the few fishing villages in the region. In 1577 the village had about 235 inhabitants; In 1744 their number had risen to 338.

In the first years of the Thirty Years War , Dettenheim, like other places in the area, was burned down. During the wars of the 17th century, some of the population fled to barrack settlements on remote and inaccessible Rhine islands. The existence of such a settlement on the then left bank of the Rhine Hochwald is documented for the beginning of the 18th century. In 1705, a St. Jacob's Church was rebuilt in the almost entirely Catholic place.

In the 1730s the Rhine broke from its previous course into the oxbow lake near Hördt . The new course of the river endangered the Electoral Palatinate towns of Hördt and Sondernheim further north . From 1739, both places demanded an average west of the location of Dettenheim. Reference was also made to the good fishing grounds of the new oxbow lakes that were created on average. In addition, the average should prevent the Rhine from breaking the loop in the event of a flood and the new river bed running through Dettenheim. Dettenheim rejected the average because of the division of the district and the endangerment of the place by pressurized water from the nearby Rhine, but could not prevail against Hördt and Sondernheim. A guide ditch was dug between 1756 and 1763, which the Rhine expanded into a full river bed in the following years.

According to the average, 80% of the Dettenheim district was to the left of the Rhine. This also included the Schanzenfeld, which was cleared before the middle of the 17th century as part of the expansion of the agricultural area. The Schanzenfeld was expanded at the end of the century; After the damming of the Hördter Altrhein in 1791, it was the only flood-safe field in Dettenheim. In 1801 the parts of the district on the left bank of the Rhine came to France in the Peace of Lunéville . In 1803 the land was confiscated by France; In addition, due to French claims, fishing in the Rhine was only possible to a limited extent. At the same time, Dettenheim was completely flooded during several major floods at the end of the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Relocation

In 1754 Dettenheim first asked to move the place. After severe destruction by a flood in 1778, relocation to the Spiegelbach on the left bank of the Rhine was discussed. Investigations showed that the average was the cause of the flooding. A report from the Electorate of the Palatinate from 1790 endorsed the relocation to the Spiegelbach; In a survey, 85 people from Dettenheim voted for and 22 against a move. The relocation failed due to further demands of the Dettenheimer.

After the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss Dettenheim belonged to Baden from 1803 . In March 1807 the citizens asked again to move the place. A commission, to which Johann Gottfried Tulla belonged, spoke out in 1812 in favor of relocating the place, since the banks of the Rhine near Dettenheim could only be paved with great effort. The initial planning for straightening the Rhine provided for a correction line that required Dettenheim to be relocated.

In August 1812, Grand Duke Karl Ludwig Friedrich von Baden agreed to move the place to the Altenbürg domain. Altenbürg, 15 kilometers east of Dettenheim near Bruchsal , had been proposed by Dettenheim; until 1803 the domain had served as a model estate and horse breeding facility for the Speyer bishops . Altenbürg was renamed Karlsdorf in April 1813 at the request of the residents and in honor of the Grand Duke; at present it belongs to the municipality of Karlsdorf-Neuthard .

Between spring and October 1813, the approximately 489 residents of Dettenheim moved to Altenbürg near Bruchsal . Many of the 68 half-timbered houses and other ancillary buildings such as barns were dismantled, transported by carts from Dettenheim to Karlsdorf and rebuilt there. For the transports, residents of neighboring places were called in to labor . The majority of the Dettenheim property was sold. Many buyers came from neighboring Liedolsheim, to which the right bank of the Rhine area of ​​the Dettenheim district was allocated in 1815.

Demolition, transport and reconstruction of the houses had to be financed by the residents of Dettenheim. Loans from the so-called local transfer office could be used, which had an interest rate of 5%. Numerous resettlers could not repay the loans, so that debts were reduced several times, most recently in January 1825. The parts of the Dettenheim district on the left bank of the Rhine belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . As compensation for these areas, the municipality received the Altenbürg domain as a district in November 1824.

Reuse

Gasthaus "Löwen" in Alt-Dettenheim (2012)

After the resettlement of the Dettenheimers, up to nine families from Graben settled . They had bought several houses and agricultural land, including the Dettenheimer Allmende . The attempt to settle failed because of further flooding after a few years: in 1818 almost all families had returned to Graben, and earlier Dettenheim houses were relocated to Graben. Only the host of the “Löwen” inn, first mentioned in 1711, stayed in Dettenheim; it is the only building in the former Dettenheim that has been preserved on site. Later, several new buildings were built in Dettenheim, including several brick factories in the 19th century . These continued the mining of alluvial clay, first mentioned in 1689, into the 20th century; In 1938 a brick factory was still producing two million bricks a year . According to the municipality of Dettenheim, there are currently 26 people living in Alt-Dettenheim's seven buildings.

The clay mining left behind so-called Latvians holes filled by groundwater ponds that have become habitats and other habitat of the bog frog and the delicate white-faced darter , a rare dragonfly species are. The state nature conservation administration of Baden-Württemberg calls the landscape of the Dettenheimer Rhine lowlands extremely varied, refers to the biodiversity of the softwood and hardwood meadows and counts the river valley meadows there among the particularly well-preserved examples. The Königsee , east of the former village , which arose from an arm of the old Rhine, has been under nature protection since 1942; the entire Dettenheimer Rhine lowlands belongs to the Natura 2000 areas.

The community of Karlsdorf remained connected to Alt-Dettenheim and erected a memorial stone in 1938 at the former village center of Dettenheim. The Karlsdorf local history museum documents the history of Dettenheim in its exhibition. In the 1980s there were still two half-timbered houses in Karlsdorf that were originally in Dettenheim. One of them was acquired by the municipality in 1999; after a renovation, it will be a branch of the local history museum.

literature

  • Alois Riffel, Kuno Riffel: A village passes - a village emerges. The resettlement of the village of Dettenheim in 1813. Heimatverein Karlsdorf 2010.
  • Alois Riffel: Family book Karlsdorf and Dettenheim 1696–1904 . OT Karlsdorf of the municipality of Karlsdorf-Neuthard. District of Karlsruhe. Edited by Heimatverein Karlsdorf e. V. Ubstadt-Weiher, regional culture publisher 2004. ISBN 978-3-89735-406-7 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 114).

Web links

Commons : Alt-Dettenheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Musall: The development of the cultural landscape of the Rhine valley between Karlsruhe and Speyer from the late 16th to the late 19th century. ( Heidelberg geographical works , volume 22) Geographical Institute of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 1969, pp. 42, 47.
  2. ↑ Musall, Entwicklung , pp. 67ff, 82, 96.
  3. ↑ Musall, Entwicklung , p. 122ff.
  4. ↑ Musall, development , p 153; Riffel, Dorf , p. 19.
  5. ↑ Musall, Development , p. 170.
  6. ↑ Musall, development , S. 154th
  7. ^ Riffel, Dorf , p. 19.
  8. ^ Riffel, Dorf , p. 21f.
  9. ↑ Musall, Entwicklung , pp. 153f. For the initially planned correction line see also: Map of the course of the Rhine from Basel to Grossh. Hessian border. Sheet 4 in: Max Honsell : The correction of the Upper Rhine: From the Swiss border below Basel to the Grossh. Hessian border below Mannheim; especially the Baden stake in the company. Braun, Karlsruhe 1885. ( Digital copy , PDF, 53.2 MB)
  10. ^ Riffel, Dorf , pp. 23, 41.
  11. ^ Riffel, Dorf , pp. 14, 23f; Bernhard Brenner: Karlsdorfer Heimatbuch. Published by the municipality of Karlsdorf-Neuthard, Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1987, ISBN 3-89264-169-2 , pp. 100-133.
  12. ↑ Riffel, Dorf , pp. 404-407.
  13. ^ Riffel, Dorf , pp. 143f, 151.
  14. ↑ community Dettenheim: Municipal Information (Accessed on 30 March 2012).
  15. ^ Karlsruhe regional council : LIFE project "Dettenheimer Rheinniederung" (JPG, 3.6 MB, accessed on March 30, 2012).
  16. ^ Heimatverein Karlsdorf: Heimatmuseum - Dettenheim (accessed on March 30, 2012).
  17. ^ Brenner, Karlsdorfer Heimatbuch, p. 234; Heimatverein Karlsdorf: Das Dettenheimer half-timbered house (accessed on March 30, 2012).

Coordinates: 49 ° 10 ′ 1 ″  N , 8 ° 22 ′ 41 ″  E