Amomum elephantorum
| Amomum elephantorum | ||||||||||||
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| Amomum elephantorum | ||||||||||||
| Pierre ex Gagnep. |
Amomum elephantorum is a species of the genus Amomum withinthe ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It occurs in parts of Southeast Asia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Amomum elephantorum grows as a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 3 to 4 meters. The green rhizomes are about 1 to 2 centimeters thick and covered with scales on the outside. The leathery, externally hairless and grooved whitish to dark brown scales are egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped with a length of 1.5 to 4.5 centimeters with a pointed to cap-shaped upper end and ciliate edges. The rhizome is about 10 centimeters long between the individual "pseudostems". From each rhizome about 15 clump-forming shoot axes or “pseudostems” go off. On the slightly swollen base with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters, the stems have light to dark green, hairless and externally grooved leaf sheaths . The brown and leathery ligule are hairless on the outside and are 0.5 to 1 centimeter long; their upper end is edged and the margins are whole.
Each stem has about 50 leaves . These are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is very short, but it can also be completely absent. The simple leaf blade is elongated to lanceolate with a length of 15 to 35 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 10 centimeters with a long and pointed leaf base and a long tailed upper end. The green top of the leaf is bare just like the green underside. The leaf blades show a conspicuous leaf veins on the underside. The leaf margins are entire.
Generative characteristics
Directly at the base of the stem from the rhizome, on a white to reddish-brown, white to reddish-brown base about 20 centimeters long and 1 to 1.7 centimeters thick and bare at the base but otherwise tomentose-haired, a spherical, gelatinous inflorescence shaft with a diameter of about 5 centimeters develops Inflorescence in which the flowers are close together. Around two inflorescences are formed per stem and around three flowers bloom at the same time. The inflorescence stem is covered with green to reddish orange, thick and hard-leather, grooved scales with shaggy hair on the outside and pointed upper ends, which are ovoid to broadly ovate with a length of 2 to 6 centimeters and a width of 1 to 5 centimeters. The reddish to dark brown externally villous hairy, gelatinous and hartledrigen bracts are at a length of 3 to 3.5 centimeters and a width of 3 to 3.2 centimeters wide oval to round with pointed to cap-shaped top end. The inside of the bracts is bald with the exception of the shaggy hairy base. Each bracts has a flower. The reddish light brown, leathery, outside shaggy hairs 1.5 to 1.6 centimeters long and 0.5 centimeter wide bracts have grown together to form a 1 to 1.2 centimeter long tube. Its tip is serrated twice, with the teeth 0.3 to 0.5 centimeters long.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold with double, whitish-yellow to cream-colored perianth . The three whitish red, leathery sepals with shaggy hair on the outside and bald on the inside are tubularly fused over a length of 1.5 to 1.6 centimeters and are 2.5 to 2.6 centimeters long and 0, 3 to 0.6 centimeters about the same length as the corolla tube. They are triple-toothed, the calyx teeth are 0.4 to 0.8 inches long and have a pointed upper end. The three pale whitish yellow to cream-colored and 5 to 5.5 centimeters long and bare, leathery petals have grown together to form a 2.5 to 2.6 centimeter long corolla tube. There are also three yellowish-white to cream-colored and hairless, membrane-like corolla lobes with cap-shaped tips. The middle corolla lobe is 2.5 to 3 centimeters long and 1 to 1.2 centimeters wide while the two lateral corolla lobes are slightly narrower at a length of 2.5 to 3 centimeters and a width of 0.6 to 0.8 centimeters. Only the middle of the stamens of the inner circle is fertile . The fertile stamen has a flattened, 1.3 to 1.5 centimeter long, bare, yellowish orange and red dotted stamen . The yellow and red dotted and hairless anthers are elongated with a length of 0.7 to 0.8 centimeters and a width of around 0.4 centimeters. The staminodes of the inner circle have grown together to form a labellum . The 2.5 to 3 centimeters long and around 3 centimeters wide, bowl-like, membrane-like and hairless labellum is yellowish orange with red spots and a dark yellow spot on the tip; it has a rounded tip as well as entire and folded edges. The lateral, unbranched and pink-red staminodes are elongated with a length of about 0.3 centimeters. Three carpels are thick at a dreikammerigen, hairless, about 0.5 centimeters long and about 0.3 centimeters, vesicular ovary grown. Each of the spherical ovary chambers contains up to 20 ovules . The stylus is hairy and ends in a rounded and hairy scar with ciliated tip.
The shaft of the infructescence is brown, glabrous, about 15 to 25 centimeters long and about 0.5 centimeters thick. There are up to 25 capsule fruits in a 10 centimeter thick fruit cluster . With a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters, the capsule fruits are dark red in color. The hairy surface of the fruit has hard and pointed spines . Each of the three fruit compartments contains up to 20 seeds. The seeds are spherical with a diameter of about 3 millimeters.
Occurrence
The natural range of Amomum elephantorum is in Southeast Asia . It extends over parts of Cambodia , Laos , Thailand and Vietnam . The species thrives at altitudes of 220 to 550 meters in shady locations in evergreen, summer-green and open forests.
Taxonomy
It was first described as Amomum elephantorum in 1906 by François Gagnepain in Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France , number 53, page 137 after Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre had already used the name for the species but did not publish a valid first description.
Hazard and protection
Amomum elephantorum is in the red list of the IUCN out "not at risk" since 2011 as well. The existence of the species is regarded as stable, mainly due to its large distribution area, only the conversion of forests to agriculture could pose a threat to the species.
swell
- Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
- ↑ a b Meistera elephantorum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017 Posted by: J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, V. & S. Lamxay Bouamanivong ,, 2011. Accessed June 2, 2018th
- ↑ Amomum elephantorum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 2, 2018.
Web links
- Meistera elephantorum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017 Posted by: J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, V. & S. Lamxay Bouamanivong ,, 2011. Accessed June 2, 2018th