Bischofstein Castle
Schloss Bischofstein is a castle above the town of Lengenfeld unterm Stein in Eichsfeld in northwest Thuringia .
history
The castle was built in 1747 as the summer residence and seat of the bailiffs of Mainz Elector Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein (1689–1763) by the Dingelstadt master builder Johann Christoph Heinemann (1695–1777). The stones used in the building come from the nearby desert of the town of Stein and Stein Castle , which was partially destroyed during the Thirty Years War . At that time, the owner was the Archbishop of Mainz, whose coat of arms is above the main entrance. In 1802 the castle was used by the secularization of the Prussian state domain and from 1815 as a country seat and manor . From 1907 the castle was restructured into a rural education home and managed according to the reform pedagogical concept of Hermann Lietz until after the Second World War . One of the pre-WWI students was Curt Bondy .
The owner and director of the boarding school as a private school was, in addition to the pedagogue Gustav Marseille, since 1920 also the classical philologist Wilhelm Ripke (1886–1965). Ripke had participated in the democratic protest against the Tsar while studying in Saint Petersburg and became a staunch opponent of National Socialism in the 1920s . There was no Hitler salute in his house , three Jewish students were not removed from the school and the books of authors ostracized by the National Socialists remained in the library. Käthe Kollwitz , who lived at Schloss Bischofstein for a time during the Second World War, was one of his friends . In 1934 he was banned from teaching, in 1943 he had to leave the castle, which became the " SS home school ".
After the war, a box of graphics by Käthe Kollwitz, believed to be lost, was found in the attic of the nearby Zella monastery . During the GDR times up to 1990 the FDGB district school Erfurt "Käthe Kollwitz" was housed in the palace .
After the fall of the Wall , the Treuhand was responsible for the properties formerly owned by East Germany, including Schloss Bischofstein. In 1991 the building was leased by Freemasons . The Priory for Culture and Social Affairs , based in Mühlhausen , initially planned a combination of spa, sports and holiday homes. Later the castle was to become a meeting place for culture, education and art for schoolchildren from all over Europe. However, the implementation of the plans was always made dependent on various factors, such as subsidies, and was repeatedly postponed. Eventually the Masons withdrew from the castle. In the course of the apparently planned renovation work, however, they had destroyed more than renewed.
In 1994 the Free State of Thuringia discussed the use of the castle as a meeting place for European young people, a youth monument preservation workshop or a bicycle workshop. Nothing came of these plans, however, and the castle fell into a kind of Sleeping Beauty slumber in the years that followed .
In 1999, the association Internat Schloss Bischofstein was founded with the aim of using the castle as a boarding school again, and in 2000 the association finally bought the castle from the Treuhandanstalt . In the spring of 2003, a community of investors that emerged from the association and made up mostly of former boarding school students ("Altbischofsteiner") began to gradually renovate the castle. At the beginning of the 2003/2004 school year, the boarding school was able to reopen, initially with six students who lived in the renovated north wing. The education of the boarding school students was guaranteed in cooperation with the Käthe-Kollwitz-Gymnasium in Lengenfeld unterm Stein, the Rodeberg regular school and the elementary school in Lengenfeld unterm Stein. From 2005 the western side wing was renovated and some classrooms for the care of boarding students were completed. The boarding school had to be closed at the end of the 2006/2007 school year due to fewer students and too high costs.
Since the end of 2008, a completely new concept has been followed with the conversion to a retirement home. Today (2018) it is used as a care center.
The Electoral Mainz Office of Bischofstein
After Archbishop von Eppstein acquired Stein Castle, the Electoral Mainz Office was created from the castle district. The Bischofstein office included the villages of Bebendorf , Diedorf , Döringsdorf , Ershausen , Faulungen , Geismar , Großbartloff , Heyerode , Hildebrandshausen , Katharinenberg , Krombach , Lehna , Misserode , Lengenfeld and Wilbich . In 1583 the villages Frieda (formerly Eichsfeldisch) and Döringsdorf (formerly Hessian) were exchanged between Kurmainz and the Hessian Landgrave. Furthermore, the current town of Stein and Kubsdorf belonged to the office of Bischofstein . From the 17th century the neighboring Greifenstein office was co-administered by the Bischofstein office. After the construction of Bischofstein Castle, Bischofstein Castle was completely abandoned and the administration of the office moved to the castle.
Officials in the early years included the Lords von Hanstein , and in later years the elector's officials were appointed. The authority was composed of the following persons: the governor, the magistrate, the actuary, the clerk and the official pedel. The office was also responsible for lower jurisdiction, and there was also a prison on the Bischofstein. In 1802 court was held by the district bailiff Kellner and district judge Löffler at Schloss Bischofstein, on the Greifenstein and in Diedorf. The following magistrates are known:
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- 1532–1561 Kunz Gutjahr
- 1561–1575 Thomas Thombose
- 1574-1617 Philipp Falk
- 1617–1635 Johann Rabhun
- 1635-1660 Petrus Jodoci
- 1661–1663 Johannes Jodoci
- 1663–1675 Georg Wilhelm von Zwehl
- 1675–1706 Urban Ignaz Glesener
- 1708–1736 Karl Heinrich Helm
- 1736–1749 Johann Anselm Helm
- 1750–1764 Anselm Daniel Hartung
- 1765–1777 Georg Franz Heiland
- 1778–1779 Friedrich Gottfried Gerhardi
- 1781–1793 Ferdinand Holzborn
- 1793–1807 Franz Christoph Kellner
The written records of the Electoral Mainz Office of Bischofstein-Greifenstein with a circumference of 1.35 running meters are now administered at the Wernigerode location of the Saxony-Anhalt State Archives . It includes archival material from the period 1668 to 1817.
Known students
- Klaus Hashagen (1924–1998), composer
literature
- Anton Fick: Contributions to the history of the Electoral Mainz office of Bischofstein in Eichsfelde. Self-published by Duderstadt in 1957
- Anton Fick: Castle Bischofstein in Eichsfelde edited according to archival and historical literary sources. Part I: Until 1360 self-published by Duderstadt in 1960
- Anton Fick: Lengenfeld / Stein and the office of Bischofstein in Eichsfeld. Edited by Alfons Montag and Maik Pinkert, Eichsfeld-Verlag 2006
- Ines Gliemann: Schloss Bischofstein. Castle, educational home and boarding school in Lengenfeld unterm Stein. In: Heimat Thüringen 11 (2004) p. 64
- Nikolaus Görich: The office of Bischofstein. In: Our Eichsfeld. 16th year (1921), issue 1, pages 7–9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ For the 100th anniversary of Schloss Bischofstein, the former boarding school
- ↑ Werner T. Angress: Generation between fear and hope. Jewish youth in the Third Reich. 2nd Edition. Christians, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-7672-0886-5 , pp. 52-53. The book is available online: Werner T. Angress: Generation Between Fear and Hope .
- ^ Gustav Marseille: Pedagogue and founder of the boarding school Schloss Bischofstein
- ↑ Schloss Bischofstein Care Center
- ^ Johann Wolf: Political History of the Eichsfeldes. Göttingen 1792, Volume 2, Section 3, Pages 5-8.
- ^ Nikolaus Görich: The office of Bischofstein. in: Unser Eichsfeld, Mecke Verlag Duderstadt 1921, pages 7–9
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bernhard Opfermann : Gestalten des Eichsfeldes. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968
- ^ D 4 Office Bischofstein-Greifenstein in the state archive of Saxony-Anhalt
Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 8.1 ″ N , 10 ° 12 ′ 49 ″ E