Harzburg Office
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Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel ; Duchy of Brunswick ; Free State of Braunschweig |
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| Harzburg Office | |
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| main place | Bad Harzburg |
| founding | 1065 |
| resolution | 1972 |
| Incorporated into | District of Goslar |
| Residents | approx. 18,000 (1928) |
| Villages and hamlets | 7 (at the time of its dissolution) |
 
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Position of the main town on a map of today's Lower Saxony
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The Harzburg office was a historical administrative area of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , the later Duchy of Braunschweig and finally an office in the Wolfenbüttel district in the Free State of Braunschweig and today's Lower Saxony between 1065 and 1946.
The office covered an area of 95.61 km² and had a population of 18,000 inhabitants (1928) with a population density of about 188 inhabitants / km².
history
The centers of the office were the former Harzburg and, later, Bündheim Castle . As part of the approaching Saxon War , Heinrich IV had this castle built between 1065 and 1068, but it was razed by peasants who were adjacent and angry as early as 1074 .
The official area was heavily contested in its early days. Various regional powers had a great interest in the Harzburg, which became an imperial castle of the Hohenstaufen after Heinrich IV . For example, in 1249 the County of Wernigerode acquired the Bovingerode estate in what is now the east of Bad Harzburg in order to strategically and economically secure the area. The Harzburg was not owned by the Guelphs until 1370 , and it was not until 1547 that the Harzburg office and castle belonged entirely to the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .
During the Thirty Years' War , the first troops of the Catholic military leader Wallenstein reached the Harzburg office in 1625 . The Harzburg was not conquered, but the surrounding villages were badly devastated in the period that followed. The population tried to get to safety in the neighboring mountains. After the Thirty Years' War, Duke August the Younger of Braunschweig ordered that those who settled in the Harzburg Office should be free from all burdens for three years. As a result of this successful measure, there were no more uninhabited farmsteads in the entire office in 1699.
During the Napoleonic Wars , the office was run as the Harzburg Canton between 1807 and 1813. Oker joined the Harzburg office in 1807.
Between 1815 and 1824 it operated under the administration of the Langelsheim office. Through a state treaty with Prussia , the Harlingerode district and with it the office was granted an additional area of around 4.5 km² in the north.
With the Courts Constitution Act of August 21, 1849 and its implementation on July 1, 1850, administration and justice in the Duchy of Braunschweig were consistently separated. The Harzburg office and the other offices of the duchy then lost their importance.
In the post-war period the office fell to Lower Saxony . Oker was spun off in 1952 and later fell to the city of Goslar, the communities Schlewecke and Bündheim merged into one community on January 1, 1963. The history of the office ended on July 1, 1972 as part of the Harz Act with the merger of the municipalities Bettingerode , Bündheim , Harlingerode and Westerode as well as the old urban area to form the new town of Bad Harzburg , which fell to the Goslar district in 1974 .
Residents
- 1798: 3712 inhabitants in 464 houses
- 1824: 4800 inhabitants in 497 houses
- 1928: 18,000 inhabitants
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| The location of the Harzburg district in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, around 1795. |
Communities
Map with all linked sites of the Harzburg Office: OSM | WikiMap
Until 1972 the Harzburg office comprised the following communities:
- Bad Harzburg
- Bettingerode
- Bündheim
- Harlingerode
- Oker
- Schlewecke (merged with Bündheim on January 1, 1963)
- Westerode
literature
- Johann Samuel Publication : Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste in alphabetical order: Second Section: H – N, Volume 3. 1828, P. 54f.
- Richard Wieries: The names of the mountains, cliffs, valleys, springs, watercourses, ponds, towns, farm districts, forest locations and paths in the Harzburg district court along with an attempt to interpret them . In: Landesverein für Heimatschutz in the Duchy of Braunschweig (ed.): The field names of the Duchy of Braunschweig . tape 1 . E. Appelhans & Comp. GmbH, Braunschweig 1910 ( tu-braunschweig.de [PDF; 9.2 MB ]).
Web links
Individual proof
- ^ Harald Meier, Kurt Neumann: Bad Harzburg. Chronicle of a city. P. 358.
- ↑ Stefan Brüdermann (Ed.): History of Lower Saxony , Volume 4, From the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the First World War , Wallstein, Göttingen 2016, p. 256, ISBN 978-3-8353-1585-3