1-chloropentane

Structural formula
General
Surname	1-chloropentane
other names	Pentyl chloride; n -amyl chloride;
Molecular formula	C 5 H 11 Cl
Brief description	colorless liquid with a sweet odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	208-846-4
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.043
PubChem	10977
Wikidata	Q161610
properties
Molar mass	106.60 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.88 g cm −3
Melting point	−99 ° C
boiling point	108 ° C
Vapor pressure	31.8 hPa (20 ° C); 53.4 hPa (30 ° C); 86.1 hPa (40 ° C); 134 hPa (50 ° C);
solubility	sparingly soluble in water (0.2 g l −1 at 25 ° C); miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether ; soluble in benzene and tetrachloromethane ; very soluble in chloroform ;
Refractive index	1.4115 (20 ° C, 589 nm)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 225-302-312-332
	P: 210
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

1-chloropentane is a chemical compound from the group of aliphatic saturated halogenated hydrocarbons .

Extraction and presentation

1-chloropentane can be obtained by reacting 1-pentanol with hydrochloric acid . The reaction of pentane with chlorine is also possible, the isomeric 2-chloropentane and 3-chloropentane also being formed.

properties

1-chloropentane is a volatile, colorless liquid with a sweetish odor that is sparingly soluble in water. The normal pressure boiling point is 107.8 ° C. According to August, the vapor pressure function results from lg (P) = −A / T + B ( P in Torr, T in K) with A = 1892 and B = 7.8573 in the temperature range from 10 ° C to 50 ° C. It decomposes slowly in the presence of oxygen when heated, but even at normal temperature when exposed to light, which can produce hydrogen chloride , phosgene and dioxin .

Safety-related parameters

1-chloropentane forms highly flammable vapor-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point at 3 ° C. The explosion range is between 1.4% by volume (60 g / m ³ ) as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 8.6% by volume (380 g / m ³ ) as the upper explosion limit (UEL). The ignition temperature is 255 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T3.

use

1-chloropentane is used as a solvent , as a reference substance for gas chromatography , for soil disinfection and the synthesis of other pentyl halides. Hexanenitrile can be obtained by reaction with sodium cyanide .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Entry for CAS no. 543-59-9 in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on June 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .
^ Richard J. Lewis, Sr .: Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary . 15th edition. Wiley-Interscience, 2007, ISBN 978-0-471-76865-4 (English).
↑ ^a ^b ^c David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. CRC Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0 .
↑ Data sheet 1-chloropentane (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 2, 2012.
↑ Entry on 1-chloropentane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ PS Kalsi: Organic Tractions Stereochemistry and Mechanism Through Solved problem . New Age International, 2006, ISBN 978-81-224-1766-1 ( page 191 in the Google book search).
↑ ^a ^b J. C. Rintelen, JH Saylor, PM Gross: The Densities and Vapor Pressures of Some Alkylbenzenes, Aliphatic Ketones and n-Amyl Chloride . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 59 , no. 6 , 1937, pp. 1129–1130 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01285a050 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters. Volume 1: Flammable Liquids and Gases. Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft, Bremerhaven 2003.
↑ Michael B. Smith: Organic Synthesis . Academic Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-12-800807-2 , pp. 548 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25 (2), pp 257-258

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Entry for CAS no. 543-59-9 in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on June 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[Lewis-2] Richard J. Lewis, Sr .: Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary . 15th edition. Wiley-Interscience, 2007, ISBN 978-0-471-76865-4 (English).

[crc-3] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. CRC Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0 .

[Merck-4] Data sheet 1-chloropentane (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 2, 2012.

[CLP_100.008.043-5] Entry on 1-chloropentane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[kalsi-6] PS Kalsi: Organic Tractions Stereochemistry and Mechanism Through Solved problem . New Age International, 2006, ISBN 978-81-224-1766-1 ( page 191 in the Google book search).

[Rintelen-7] J. C. Rintelen, JH Saylor, PM Gross: The Densities and Vapor Pressures of Some Alkylbenzenes, Aliphatic Ketones and n-Amyl Chloride . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 59 , no. 6 , 1937, pp. 1129–1130 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01285a050 .

[Brandes-8] E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters. Volume 1: Flammable Liquids and Gases. Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft, Bremerhaven 2003.

[Michael_B._Smith-9] Michael B. Smith: Organic Synthesis . Academic Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-12-800807-2 , pp. 548 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[10] J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25 (2), pp 257-258