Anatolian tiger

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The Anatolian Tiger ( Turkish Anadolu Kaplanları ) is the name given to the phenomenon of the economic rise of several larger cities and thus also of urban globalization in the Asian tiger states (Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong), which has been registered since the 1980s and 1990s Turkish provinces in central and eastern Anatolia . The term caught on in the 2000s. It also refers to the emerging small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in provincial capitals such as Konya , Denizli and Kayseri .

Development and explanations

The market-oriented Turkish Prime Minister Turgut Özal ( ANAP ) tried during his reign from 1983 to 1989 existing oligarchic structures that Turkish with the established and large-scale industry representative association Industrialists and Businessmen TUSIAD had grown with a focus on Istanbul and Ankara, with more competition to reform. For this purpose, newer management techniques were used in some companies , which also led to a changed corporate culture . The rival organization MÜSİAD was founded in 1990. It was initially supported in particular by Islamic parties such as the Refah Partisi and Fazilet Partisi in the context of the Millî-Görüş movement. Later there were close ties with the conservative AKP around the current Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan .

The press picked up on the phenomenon in the mid-1990s. As portrayed in 1996 the conservative Turkish daily Milliyet in a row the following cities as "Anatolian Tiger": Amasya , Çankırı , Çorum , Denizli , Gaziantep , Kahramanmaras , Kastamonu , Kayseri , Malatya , Nigde , Samsun , Şanlıurfa , Trabzon , Tokat , Uşak and Van .

In the following academic and media discourse, the term was causally associated with the financial resource, the financial instrument “green capital” or “Islamic capital”, which is also widespread in Turkey.

In 2005, in a study by the think tank of the European Stability Initiative (ESI) from Sarajevo, an alternative to the established term “Islamic Calvinists ” (cf. Max Weber's The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism ) was spoken of. The growth location Kayseri in Central Anatolia was examined in this study under the five aspects of endogenous growth , new business ethics , educational focus, pragmatic solutions with regard to financing and the role of women .

The Turkish economist Şevket Pamuk tried somewhat vaguely to explain the phenomenon with the Turkish return to Ottoman economic and trade principles. Other sociologists took a similar approach.

See also

literature

  • Amr Adly: State Reform and Development in the Middle East. Turkey and Egypt in the Post-Liberalization Era . Routledge, Abingdon 2013, ISBN 978-0-415-62419-0 , p. 192 ff. (Chapter: Anatolian Tigers' voting performance indicators)
  • OECD (Ed.): OECD Economic Surveys. Turkey 2008 . OECD, Paris 2008, p. 26 f. (Chapter: The rise of “Anatolian Tigers” as cultural change)
  • Guy Sorman: Economics Does Not Lie. A Defense of the Free Market in a Time of Crisis . Encounter Books, New York 2009, ISBN 978-1-59403-254-7 , pp. 250 ff. (Chapter: The Tigers of Anatolia)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Guy Sorman: Economics Does Not Lie. A Defense of the Free Market in a Time of Crisis . Encounter Books, New York 2009, ISBN 978-1-59403-254-7 , pp. 250 ff. (Chapter: The Tigers of Anatolia)
  2. ↑ a b c d e M. Hakan Yavuz: Islamic Political Identity in Turkey . Oxford University Press, Oxford u. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-516-085-1 , p. 88.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Amr Adly: State Reform and Development in the Middle East. Turkey and Egypt in the Post-Liberalization Era . Routledge, Abingdon 2013, ISBN 978-0-415-62419-0 , p. 192 ff. (Chapter: Anatolian Tigers' voting performance indicators)
  4. ^ Andreas Goldberg, Dirk Halm, Faruk Şen : The German Turks . Lit, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-8232-2 , p. 37. (Chapter: Islamic Calvinists - Change and Conservatism in Central Anatolia)
  5. ^ Işık Özel: Political Islam and Islamic Capital. The Case of Turkey . In: Jeffrey Haynes (Ed.): Religion and Politics in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa . Routledge, Abingdon, et al. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-415-47713-0 , p. 146.
  6. ↑ Chris Rumford: Cosmopolitan Spaces. Europe, Globalization, Theory . Routledge, New York 2008, ISBN 978-0-415-39067-5 , p. 122.
  7. ↑ OECD (Ed.): OECD Economic Surveys. Turkey 2008 . OECD, Paris 2008, p. 26 f. (Chapter: The rise of “Anatolian Tigers” as cultural change)