Andreas Peter Hovgaard

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Andreas Peter Hovgaard (around 1900)

Andreas Peter Hovgaard (born November 1, 1853 in Aarhus , † March 15, 1910 in Copenhagen ) was a Danish naval officer and polar explorer . In 1878/79 he took part in the first crossing of the Northeast Passage by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld and in 1882/83 he led a Danish research expedition with the steamship Dijmphna into the Kara Sea .

Life

The Varna and Dijmphna on November 6th, 1882, frozen in the ice
The drift of the Dijmphna through the Kara Sea from September 1882 to September 1883

Andreas Peter Hovgaard was the son of the senior teacher Ole Anton Hovgaard (1821-1891) and his wife Louise Charlotte Munch (1823-1872). His younger brother William (1857-1950) became professor of marine engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in 1940 first described the wheel effect , also known as the Hovgaard effect .

Andreas Peter Hovgaard embarked on a military career in the Royal Danish Navy , which raised him to Kommandør until 1901 . As a lieutenant , he accompanied Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld on board the Vega when she circled Asia and Europe from 1878 to 1880 and was the first ship to cross the Northeast Passage. Hovgaard made the geomagnetic and meteorological observations on this trip . Immediately after his return he married Sophie Christiane Nielsen (1856–1934). In 1881 he published his travel report Nordenskiölds rejse omkring Asia og Europe .

Careful studies led Hovgaard to the assumption that Franz Josef Land extends as far as the vicinity of Cape Chelyuskin , the northernmost land point in Eurasia . In evaluating the drift of George W. DeLong's ship Jeanette , which was frozen in the ice , he postulated a northward ocean current on the east coast of the country to be discovered , which would be suitable to open a way to the North Pole . To test his thesis, Hovgaard, financed by the Danish merchant Augustin Gamél (1839–1904), who was later to support Fridtjof Nansen , equipped the steamer Dijmphna in 1882 so that it could take him to Cape Chelyuskin and then head north to an unknown country search. The expedition brought sled dogs and boats with them to explore the hoped-for new discoveries as well as a possible advance to the North Pole . In September the Dijmphna met a Dutch expedition in the Kara Sea who wanted to operate a research station in Dikson , Russia , as part of the First International Polar Year . Their ship, the Norwegian Varna , was frozen in the ice. When trying to free the Varna , the Dijmphna was also trapped by the pack ice . As a result, both ships were exposed to severe ice pressures. When the Varna leaked on the morning of December 24th and had to be vacated, most of the men moved to the Dijmphna . On December 28th, they assembled the prefabricated house intended as a station building in Dikson on the pack ice. The badly damaged Varna sank when the ice broke in the summer of 1883. When the Dijmphna was released shortly afterwards, in view of the damage to the ship, Hovgaard saw no possibility of continuing the expedition as planned. The land north of Cape Chelyuskin -  Severnaya Zemlya  - was only discovered 30 years later. The expedition did not achieve its essential goals, but carried out extensive scientific work in the fields of marine biology and meteorology.

In 1884/85 Hovgaard sailed on the schooner Ingolf to the Danish West Indies and in 1885/86 on the frigate Fyen in the Mediterranean . In 1887 he served on the Dannebrog , the ship of the Danish king. From 1890 to 1893 he was the captain of the mail steamer Thyra on the route to the Faroe Islands and Iceland . He later commanded the cruiser Heimdall and the ironclad Olfert Fischer . He was a member of the Danish Navy for many years.

From 1907 to 1909 he was President of the Naval Officers' Association ( Søofficers-Foreningen ).

Honors

The following geographical objects are named after Andreas Peter Hovgaard:

He received the following medals and orders:

Fonts (selection)

  • Nordenskiölds rejse omkring Asia and Europe. Populært Fremstillet efter mine Dagbøger , Forlagsbureauet i Kjøbenhavn OH Delbanco, Copenhagen 1881 (Danish)
  • Forslag til en dansk arktisk expedition , Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1882, (Danish, English edition: The Danish-Arctic Expedition , Online )
  • Dijmphna expeditions 1882–83. Rapporter til Dijmphna's Rheder , Copenhagen 1884 (Danish)
  • The ice conditions in the Carian Sea , Gotha 1884
  • Compasset i Jernskibe , Copenhagen 1888 (Danish)
  • Under Islands Kyst , 1906 (Danish)

Web links

Commons : Andreas Peter Hovgaard  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andreas Siemoneit: Nautical Lexicon - Radeffekt , accessed on August 7, 2014
  2. ^ Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld: T he circumnavigation of Asia and Europe on the Vega. With a historical look back at previous journeys along the north coast of the Old World . Authorized German edition, first volume, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1882, p. 36
  3. ↑ a b A. P. Hovgaard in Dansk biografisk leksikon (Danish)
  4. ^ Andreas Peter Hovgaard: The Danish-Arctic Expedition , Gyldendalske Boghandel, Copenhagen 1882, p.25 f. (English)
  5. ↑ Knud Rasmussen : Book of Heroes of the Arctic. Voyages of discovery to the North and South Poles . Brockhaus, Leipzig 1933, p. 176 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ Louwren's Hacquebord: The Netherlands - Beset in the Ice of the Kara Sea . In: Susan Barr, Cornelia Lüdecke (Ed.): The History of the International Polar Years (IPYs) . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-12401-3 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-12402-0 , p. 69 (English)
  7. ↑ Ostrov Khovgarda on mapcarta.com, accessed on August 16, 2014
  8. ↑ Hovgaard Ø . In: Anthony K. Higgins: Exploration history and place names of northern East Greenland. (= Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin Vol. 21, 2010). Copenhagen 2010, ISBN 978-87-7871-292-9 (English), accessed August 7, 2014
  9. ^ Hovgaard Islands: Canada at www.geographic.org, accessed August 7, 2014
  10. ^ Hovgaard Island: Antarctica at www.geographic.org, accessed August 7, 2014
personal data
SURNAME Hovgaard, Andreas Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish naval officer and polar explorer
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Aarhus
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1910
Place of death Copenhagen