Anton Eitel

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Anton Eitel (born July 25, 1882 in Düsseldorf , † March 19, 1966 in Münster ) was a German historian .

Live and act

Anton Eitel was the son of the engraver Anton (August) Eitel (1841–1928) with southern German roots and Maria, daughter of the landowner Carl Kürten, from Düsseldorf-Pempelfort . Vain was baptized a Catholic. After graduating from the Royal High School in Düsseldorf in the “old box” , he first studied theology in Innsbruck (among others with Emil Michael ) from 1901 , but from the beginning also attended historical seminars (with Emil von Ottenthal and Ludwig von Pastor ). After the first semester he accompanied von Pastor to Rome, where he accompanied him to the archives and libraries as an assistant. In the summer of 1902 Eitel moved to the University of Bonn , where he continued to study history in addition to theology; he attended seminars with Heinrich Schrörs , Karl Hampe , Friedrich Luckwaldt and Aloys Schulte . From the winter semester 1903/04 Eitel moved to Freiburg i. Br. , Where he gave up theology and chose German as a new minor. Particularly influential was here Heinrich Finke , in which he in 1905 with a thesis on the Papal States under Pope Clement V was awarded his doctorate. He expanded the dissertation into a habilitation , which appeared in print in 1907. In June 1908 Eitel completed his habilitation and received a venia legendi for the history of the Middle Ages, modern times and historical auxiliary sciences . For his habilitation, he had submitted another pamphlet on papal lead and gold bulls , which appeared in print in 1912. So he also became a full member of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine . In July 1914 Eitel was appointed associate professor. At the beginning of the war in 1914 he was drafted, was initially a platoon leader in the Red Cross , from 1916 field artilleryman, in 1918 he was demobilized as a lieutenant and returned to his chair. In the late summer of 1924 he took over the management of a German educational mission that was supposed to work out proposals for reforming the educational system in Colombia . The reform project met with broad approval after long disputes.

After his return, Eitel represented the chair of medieval and modern history as well as historical auxiliary sciences at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster (Westphalia) in the summer semester of 1927 ; called. He was particularly interested in the medieval history of northwest Germany, but especially in palaeography . The main focus of his activity was teaching, his lectures are described as very witty; He is said to have made a deep impression on thousands of prospective history teachers. In contrast, he hardly appeared with publications in Münster. In June 1930 Eitel gave the keynote lecture Fürstenberg and his university at the ceremony marking the 150th anniversary of the university's founding.

Eitel, who was close to the DNVP before 1933, remained a leading representative of his faculty even after the beginning of the Nazi regime. From May 1933 to March 1934 he was Dean of the Philosophical Faculty, and in 1934/35 he was Deputy Rector of the University. In October 1933 he headed the Historical Commission for Westphalia . In 1937 Eitel joined the NSDAP. In 1941, a party court case was brought against him when it became known that he had attempted to have his marriage annulled in a canonical court in the 1930s . The Gaugericht expelled him from the NSDAP in September 1941 because of his Christian ties and because of the concealment of the circumstances of the divorce proceedings, which would have prevented him from joining the party. After being excluded from the party, Eitel applied for retirement for health reasons, which was approved with effect from April 1, 1942. At the special request of Georg Schreiber , however, he held lectures again from 1946 until his final retirement in 1950. In 1947 some of his students dedicated a commemorative publication to him . In retirement, Eitel developed a presentation of the university's history based on the holdings of the university archive, which was printed for many years as an introduction to the course catalog. In 1952, at the university's jubilee celebrations (50 years after the re-establishment of the full university in 1902), he again gave the lecture, the content of which was based on his lecture from 1930 on Fürstenberg and the university, leaving out the recent past.

Eitel was from 1928 to 1942 and from 1946 to 1951 director of the Association for History and Archeology of Westphalia, Department of Münster . In 1928 Eitel was elected a full member of the Historical Commission for Westphalia , from October 1933 to December 1941 he was chairman of the commission, and in 1962 the commission made him an honorary member.

Anton Eitel had two children: the lawyer and diplomat Tono Eitel and the doctorate in law Monika Hochbaum geb. Vain.

Fonts (selection)

  • The Papal States under Clement V . W. Rothschild, Berlin 1907.
  • About lead and gold bulls in the Middle Ages . Their derivation and their distribution. Troemers, Freiburg i.Br: 1912.
  • The Spanish Church in pre-Germanic times . In: Treatises from the field of middle and modern history and their auxiliary sciences . A celebration for the seventieth birthday Go. Council Prof. Dr. Heinrich Finke (=  research on pre-Reformation history ). Suppl.-Vol. Aschendorff, Münster 1925, p. 1-22 .
  • From the old to the new university in Münster . Ceremonial address on July 1, 1952 (=  publications of the Society for the Promotion of the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster . Volume 31 ). Aschendorff, Münster 1953.

literature

  • Heinrich Börsting, Richard Borgmann , Josef Grafe, Wunibald Grewe, Heinz Köster, Hildegard Kraft, Franz Kroos, Joseph Prinz , Engelbert Pülke, Günter von Roden , August Schröder , Hermann Schröter, Wilhelm Stüwer, Hans Thiekötter (eds.): From Westphalian history . Commemoration for Anton Eitel on the completion of his 65th year of life on December 25, 1947, presented by his students. Regensberg, Münster 1947.
  • Hans Thiekötter: In memoriam Anton Eitel . In: Westphalian magazine . tape 116 , 1966, pp. 1-2 .
  • Paul Egon Hübinger: Anton Eitel 1882–1966 . In: Historical yearbook . tape 92 , 1972, p. 508-512 .
  • Wilhelm Kohl: The members of the Historical Commission Westphalia (=  writings of the Historical Commission Westphalia . Volume 8 ). Aschendorff, Münster 1972, p. 25-26 .
  • David Rüschenschmidt: In memory of Anton Eitel , hall talks, University of Münster, 2017

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Directory of high school graduates: Eitel, Anton, Düsseldorf, Easter 1901 , in: Annual report on the Royal High School in Düsseldorf, school year 1900–1901
  2. ^ Directory of the members of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine (closed in 1907): Eitel, Anton, Dr. phil., Düsseldorf, Wielandstrasse 18. 1907, p. 242 , from degruyter.com, accessed on June 19, 2016
  3. ^ Directory of the rectorate's offices and speeches at the Munich Historical Commission ; accessed on August 23, 2013
  4. ↑ Katja Fausser: "The institute brought back to life"? Developments at the historical seminar from 1920 to 1960, in: Hans-Ulrich Thamer, Daniel Droste and Sabine Happ (eds.): The University of Münster in National Socialism. Continuities and breaks between 1920 and 1960, Münster 2012, pp. 647–688, here p. 654.
  5. ↑ Katja Fausser: History in National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the historical institutes of the University of Münster 1933–1945, Münster 2000, p. 51.
personal data
SURNAME Vain, Anton
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH July 25, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Dusseldorf
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1966
Place of death Muenster