Anton Orel

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Anton Orel (born September 17, 1881 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ; died July 11, 1959 there ) was an Austrian Catholic sociologist , philosopher of history and anti-Semite .

Life

Anton Orel was born the eldest son of an Austro-Hungarian military doctor , and the later musicologist Alfred Orel was one of his brothers. Due to an official transfer of his father, Anton Orel first attended the grammar school in Olomouc , then the Jesuit grammar school in Kalksburg , where he graduated from high school in 1899. He began to study in Vienna, joined the Norica University Association and a student congregation in the university church . He also maintained friendly relations with the Slovenian student association Danica . Through his numerous contacts, he got to know some personalities of the rising Christian Social Party (CS), as well as the later Italian Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi and the later Hungarian Prime Minister Karl Huszár .

Ideologically strongly influenced by the writings of the Catholic social reformer Karl von Vogelsang , in whose successor he saw himself, Orel founded in 1904 or 1905 the Christian “Federation of Austrian Workers' Youth”. As a practical example it served the youth movement Sillon of Marc Sangnier . A member of the Bund was the religious socialist Otto Bauer . Orel was able to achieve improvements for its members with the federal government, around 1907 in the Lower Austrian state parliament improvements in trade school teaching. When this was to be reversed in 1909, Orels broke with the CS. With the death of Cardinal Archbishop Nagl in 1913 and Pope Pius X. In 1914, Orel lost influential supporters from the clergy. He found an employee and sponsor of his press work in Marie Henriette Chotek . In 1913 Orel founded the “Allied Catholic Youth of Austria”, in which youth associations of all languages ​​of the Habsburg Monarchy were to be united, but this was prevented by the outbreak of the First World War . When the war broke out, the Orel movement had 171 German-speaking associations with almost 6,000 members, which were united with Czech youth associations with over 25,000 members.

After the war and the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy , Orel founded the German-Austrian People's Party on November 16, 1918 . The party demanded a reorganization of society along the lines of the medieval class order . However, it was politically unsuccessful and dissolved in 1922. Orel founded the Karl Vogelsang Bund to propagate his ideas and rejoined the CS, which sent him to the Vienna City Council from 1923 to 1925 . Because of his anti-capitalism, however, he had repeated conflicts with the party and in October 1924 he was expelled from the CS again due to his deviations from the party line. The loss of the mandate meant the end of Orel's participation in active politics.

Orel now turned to work on his great work Oeconomia perennis . In it he tried to work out a continuous anti-capitalist tradition of the Catholic Church and to prove a church prohibition of interest on capital that is valid up to the present day . He also published the magazine Das Neue Volk from 1924 to 1936 . After he was prevented by the discussion leader at the "Catholic Social Conference" in 1929 from representing his views there, he founded the "Study Round of Catholic Sociologists", which was to exist until March 1938 and in which well-known scientists were involved. Oeconomia perennis appeared without an ecclesiastical imprimatur , which brought him a public reprimand from the Austrian Bishops' Conference in 1931 , which declared the work a "forbidden book".

From 1934 Orel criticized the developing Christian "corporate state" , he accused the government of abusing the "true corporate concept". He tried in vain to set up a “Catholic-Austrian-social movement” to counter the grievances he criticized. When he demanded a radical cleansing of public life in April 1936 in response to the Phoenix scandal in Das Neue Volk , the magazine was banned by the government.

During the time of National Socialism in Austria he was imprisoned for political reasons in 1943 and sentenced to two years imprisonment on charges of "founding a forbidden party". For health reasons he was released in 1944 and imprisonment was suspended until he was cured.

After the re-establishment of the republic, Orel tried again to help his ideas achieve a breakthrough, but without success. The last years of his life were marked by illness and financial worries. He transferred the rights to his works to a board of trustees with the task of spreading his books and ideas. The Anton Orel Society emerged from the board of trustees .

Orel criticized modern society and capitalism. He represented a crude anti-Semitism and fought against what he believed to be " world domination-hungry Judaism ". As a race anti-Semite, he warned against a supposedly hereditary disease of Jewish blood. In 1928 he warmed up the legend of the ritual murder with a script . He propagated the Protocols of the Elders of Zion as an illuminating text. Orel published several writings on the operas of Richard Wagner in the 1930s , whom he referred to as the "German prophet".

The Viennese Catholic Academy celebrated Orel in 1981 as a pioneer of Christian social and cultural reform. He was buried at the Döblinger Friedhof . The grave has already been abandoned.

Fonts (selection)

  • Alcoholism: Introduction to a Social Problem . Verlag der Kinderfreund-Anstalt, Innsbruck 1908.
  • Capitalism, Land Reform and Christian Socialism . 1909.
  • Judaism, capitalism, social democracy . Karl Vogelsang, Vienna 1912.
  • Leo XIII. social work . 1913.
  • The basic problem of culture . 2 volumes, 1919 (under the pseudonym Johannes Aquila).
  • Handbook of Christian Social Doctrine . 1920.
  • The Judaic World War and the Cultural Program of the People's Party: Speech . Vogelsang, Vienna 1920.
  • Judaism or German Romanticism? : Talk about d. Fight d. Judaism against d. Christian-German culture, go to d. “Conference of German anti-Semites Austria-Hungary and the German Reich” in Vienna on March 13, 1921 . Vogelsang, Vienna 1921.
  • The constitutional work of the “Republic of Austria” examined and rejected from the perspective of perpetual philosophy and in the light of the idea, nature and history of Austria. Vogelsang, Vienna 1921.
  • Vogelsang's life and teachings. His social and economic theory . Vogelsang, Vienna 1922/23.
  • Revision of the modern economic conception: a common philosophy and intellectual history of the economy and its relationship to religion, law and society, especially to social issues . 5 volumes. Matthias-Grünewald, Mainz.
  • Wilhelm Emmanuel Ketteler, a guide to new life . 2 volumes. Vogelsang, Vienna 1927.
  • Are there Jewish ritual murders? A view u. Explain d. historical Materials; The trials of Trient, Damascus, Tisza-Eßlár and the like Polna . Vogelsang, Vienna 1928.
  • Oeconomia perennis: The economics of mankind tradition in the change of times and in its unchangeable meaning . In 3 volumes. Letter of passage: Alois Wiesinger . Matthias-Grünewald, Mainz 1930.
  • The world face: a common understanding. Nature, culture, religion and Philosophy of history . With 42 pictures by Josef von Führich . Matthias-Grünewald, Mainz 1933.
  • True class order: your spirit, essence, work; Basically-practical clarifications . Moser, Graz 1934
  • Judaism, capitalism, social democracy . Karl Vogelsang, Vienna.
  • Judaism, the world-historical contrast to Christianity . Moser, Graz 1934

literature

  • Michael Hagemeister : The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" in court. The Bern Trial 1933–1937 and the “Anti-Semitic International” . Chronos, Zurich 2017, ISBN 978-3-0340-1385-7 , short biography p. 555f.
  • Felix Dirsch: Solidarism and Social Ethics. Approaches to the reinterpretation of a modern trend in the Catholic social philosophy Lit, Münster 2006, ISBN 978-3-8258-9661-4 , pp. 178-189.
  • Ludwig Reichhold: Anton Orel. The fight for the Austrian youth . Karl von Vogelsang Institute, Vienna 1990.
  • Ernst Joseph Görlich u. a. (Ed.): Anton Orel. Herald of Christian social and cultural reform. A celebration on the occasion of the completion of his 70th year of life . Österreichischer Kulturverlag, Salzburg 1952.
  • Ernst Joseph Görlich: A Catholic against Dollfuss Austria. The diary of the social reformer Anton Orel . In: Communications from the Austrian State Archives. Volume 26. Vienna 1973, pp. 375-415 ( digitized online at hungaricana.hu).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Michael Hagemeister: The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" in court. Chronos, Zurich 2017, p. 555f.
  2. ^ Anton Orel in the search for the deceased at friedhoefewien.at
personal data
SURNAME Orel, Anton
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian sociologist, historical philosopher and anti-Semite
DATE OF BIRTH 17th September 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH July 11, 1959
Place of death Vienna