Black purple columbine

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Black purple columbine
Black-violet Columbine (Aquilegia atrata)

Black-violet Columbine ( Aquilegia atrata )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Isopyroideae
Genre : Columbines ( Aquilegia )
Type : Black purple columbine
Scientific name
Aquilegia atrata
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The black Violet columbine ( Aquilegia atrata ) is a plant of the genus Akeleien ( Aquilegia ) within the family of Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae). Some authors call it the subspecies Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. atrata (WDJKoch) Gaudin to the common Columbine ( Aquilegia vulgaris L. ).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora
Detail view of the flower
Habit and flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The black-violet columbine is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 60 (rarely up to 100) centimeters. The leaves are stalked at the base and are doubly three-part. The leaflets have an irregular, serrated edge. The stem leaves are alternate .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. The brown-purple flowers have a diameter of 4 to 6 centimeters. The outer bracts are elongated with a pointed upper end. In between there are five inner petals (nectar leaves) with a clearly curved spur. The numerous stamens protrude far from the flower. There are usually five carpels .

The follicles are up to 15 millimeters long.

There is diploidy , with a chromosome number of 2n = 14.

Occurrence

Aquilegia atrata occurs in the Alps and the Alpine foothills as well as the low mountain ranges of southwestern Europe (Apennines). It grows from the montane to the alpine altitude range , but it is most common in the subalpine altitude range.

Locations of this lime-loving plant are mostly forests (especially red pine forests) fringes, fen meadows and tall herbaceous meadows . It occurs from the valley to at altitudes of about 2000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises on goat's foot to an altitude of 1950 meters. It thrives particularly in plant communities of the Erico-Pinion association, but also occurs in associations of the Molinion, Atropion or the sub-association Cephalanthero-Fagenion.

In Austria it is scattered or rare, is absent in the Vienna and Burgenland area and Lower Austria only grows wild in the west. In Switzerland , it is scattered in most of the cantons.

Common names

Other common names are: Dark Columbine , Aglije, Blue Bells, Glockenblume, Glöckl, Glöggli, Glove, Hoselätzli, Kapuzinerchappe, Kessel, Narrenkappen, Snot bells, Schlotterhose, Schwizerhose, Teufelsblocken, Inkbluem, Inkglogge, Sugar Bells and, Gypsy Bells.

Other common names, some of which are only used regionally, are or were: Färbara ( St. Gallen , Werdenberg ), Glogga (St. Gallen) and Narrakappa (St. Gallen, Rhine Valley ).

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). Page 227, Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 556.
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 398 .
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hanover 1882, page 36, online.

Web links

Commons : Black-violet Columbine ( Aquilegia atrata )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files