Arnhem (noble family)

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The noble lords of Arnhem , formerly known as Arnhem , were a regional aristocratic family that resided in what is now Lower Saxony and appeared between the 12th and 14th centuries in the vicinity of Bückeburg and Minden . The first documented mention of "those of Arnhem" comes from around 1160 as Hermann von Bückeburg, formerly Hermannus de Bukkeburch. From the 14th century onwards, traces of gender disappear.

history

Painting by Count von Arnum, called Annois, from around 1550, which hung on the Arensburg and probably shows a family member of those von Arnheim

The first written mention of the nobles of Arnhem can be found in a document from the years 1160–1163. In it Hermann von Bückeburg is named as Hermannus de Bukkeburch (* around 1150; † September 27, 1213/1216?). His name is identical to his aristocratic residence, the Alte Bückeburg , also described earlier as Bukkeburch, which was located above Obernkirchen . The castle was probably a hereditary Billungian fiefdom , which his father Godefrid de Bukkeburch already held.

From 1180 there was a loss of land and power for the von Arnheim when Adolf III. moved from Holstein to the Central Weser region. Here he built up the rule of Schauenburg, which has been the county of Schaumburg since 1295 . He had already received the rights to this area after a joint campaign with Heinrich the Lion in 1180. Those of Arnhem suffered by the presence of Adolf III. in the Schaumburger Land a considerable loss of importance and were suppressed. The sons of Hermann von Bückeburg, who later called himself Hermann von Arnheim, became ministerials of the Minden monastery and other churches, feudal people of the Schaumburg counts, or emigrated. Documents from the Lords of Arnhem, which were issued at their Hus Aren castle, still date from 1255 and 1257 . In 1302 the castle was razed after an agreement between the Bishop of Minden and the Count of Schaumburg . While the following generations of those from Arnhem could still be identified as Wichgraf in Minden and archdeacon in Lübbecke , traces of the family are lost from the 14th century. The name Arnheim has been modified but is still traceable to the place names Arnum bei Hannover and Arnim , a district of Stendal , it is also to be assumed in the name of the aristocratic von Arnim family , as well as in the family names Arnem and Arnum.

Possessions

Personalities

Hermann von Bückeburg, who later became Hermann von Arnheim

Hermann von Bückeburg (* around 1150; † September 27, 1213/1216?), Then called Hermannus de Bukkeburch, was feudal man of the Brunswick Duke Heinrich the Lion. With his banishment in 1181 Hermann lost his fiefdom and had to leave the Alte Bückeburg. He then lived on his own estates , such as Hus Aren Castle near Bückeburg, and has been referred to in documents as Hermann von Arnheim (Hermannus de Arnhem) since then. In 1204, a dispute between Hermann von Arnheim and the provost of Obernkirchen Abbey over 12 farms near Pattensen escalated . As a result, Hermann was excommunicated .

Werner von Minden

The bishop Werner von Minden was a brother of Godefrid de Bukkeburch. He founded the Obernkirchen Abbey.

Hermann von Stromberg

Hermann von Stromberg was a brother of Godefrid de Bukkeburch and father of the later Bishop of Minden Thietmar von Minden .

Say about Hermann von Arnheim and Hus Aren Castle

Stone reliefs on the steeple of the Petzen Church
Person with staff and animal between the sound hatches
Tympanum depicting Hermann and Humility from Arnhem on an altar
Church of St. Cosmas and St. Damians in Petzen

There is a legend about Hus Aren Castle, written down in Petzen near Bückeburg around 1750 , in which the main character is a count by the name of Arnum, or Annois. It is assumed that this refers to Hermann von Arnheim, who was active as a robber baron and pirate . With his wife he did not allow himself to be converted from paganism to Christianity, but worshiped the sun and moon as gods. At certain times he offered a pig sacrifice as idolatry. When the count was absent during a raid, the countess nevertheless accepted the Christian faith and founded seven churches (Petzen 1181, Jetenburg 1160, Meinsen 1185, Vehlen 1167, Sülbeck 1153, Meerbeck 1031 as the oldest and Kirchhorsten). Finally, troops from the Hanseatic cities besieged the castle in order to destroy it and to kill the count. The besiegers made the castle occupants an offer to have safe conduct when the castle was abandoned, and allowed them to take away whatever they considered valuable and could carry. The countess agreed and carried her husband, the count, to everyone's astonishment, out of the besieged castle in a box. So she could save his life.

In terms of time, the legend corresponds to the existence of Hus Aren Castle and the church in Petzen, which was first mentioned in 1181. The legend interprets a tympanum attached to the west side of the church tower , which is supposed to represent Hermann and Humility of Arnhem kneeling in front of an altar. According to the legend, it is the couple who sacrifice a pig on the pagan altar. The other stone relief between the sound hatches of the church tower shows a person with a shepherd's staff and an animal in his arm. The legend sees the count in it with a lance and a sacrificial pig. According to the Christian interpretation, it should be about Jesus as the Good Shepherd with a lamb and a shepherd's staff .

See also

literature