Arthur Friedenreich

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Arthur Friedenreich
Arthur friedenreich.jpg
Arthur Friedenreich in the Brazilian national jersey
Personnel
birthday July 18, 1892
place of birth São Paulo ,  Brazil
date of death 6th September 1969
Place of death São Paulo ,  Brazil
position striker
Juniors
Years station
1909 SC Germânia
Men's
Years station Games (goals) 1
1909-1910 SC Germânia
1910-1911 CA Ypiranga
1911-1912 SC Germânia
1912-1913 AA Mackenzie College
1913-1916 CA Ypiranga
1916-1917 CA Paulistano
1917-1918 CA Ypiranga
1918-1930 CA Paulistano
1930-1933 Sao Paulo FC
1933-1934 Atlético Mineiro
1934-1935 Sao Paulo FC
1935 Flamengo Rio de Janeiro
National team
Years selection Games (goals)
1914-1930 Brazil 17 (8)
1 Only league games are given.

Arthur Friedenreich , also written Artur Friedenreich , called Fried (* July 18, 1892 in São Paulo ; † September 6, 1969 there ) was a Brazilian soccer player and is considered one of the best soccer players of all time.

Life

Origin and start of career

Arthur Friedenreich grew up in the Luz district of São Paulo. His father, Oscar Friedenreich, was a merchant who was born as the son of a German emigrant from Dahme in Blumenau in southern Brazil , his mother Matilde was a black laundress. At the age of ten he found his way to football through physical education at Mackenzie College , a private high school in São Paulo.

His paternal ancestry paved Arthur Friedenreich's access to football, which was initially a sport for the upper class in Brazil too. As a German-Brazilian , he was able to join his home club in São Paulo in 1909, the SC Germânia , a club for players of German origin, founded by Hans Nobiling from Hamburg and renamed Esporte Clube Pinheiros in 1942 after Brazil declared war on Germany . His father registered him here after Friedenreich was hit while playing on the street. Although he only suffered abrasions, Oscar Friedenreich wanted to get his son off the street. At Germânia he was promoted by Hermann Friese , one of the most important athletes in Brazil in his time.

On the other hand, his maternal ancestry meant that Arthur Friedenreich, as a non-white, suffered from the racism prevailing in Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century . For example, fouls on non-white players were not called by some referees. His opponents knew, of course, that unfair attacks often go unpunished. It is said that Friedenreich developed his legendary body deception to make it difficult for his white opponents to stop him by fouling him. In order to appear like a white man, like other Afro-Brazilian players, he straightened his frizzy hair and sometimes even played with a hairnet. Despite these adversities, Arthur Friedenreich became a national hero among the people and is considered the first Brazilian soccer star.

Friedenreich was one of the players who played the first game for the Brazilian national team on July 21, 1914 in Rio de Janeiro. Opponents were the English club Exeter City FC , Brazil won 2-0. Friedenreich lost two teeth in the rough game.

In 1925, Friedenreich was the star of the triumphant European tour of Athletico Paulistano , the first of a Brazilian team. The French press named him Roi des Rois du Football ("King of the Kings of Football"). The Brazilians called him Pé de Ouro (“golden feet”) and the Uruguayans honored him after the final of the Campeonato Sudamericano in 1919 as El Tigre (“the tiger”), a name that is still used.

National team

It was only thanks to his paternal origin that Arthur Friedenreich was accepted into the Brazilian national football team in 1914, although he was considered a non-white . It was only from 1918 that black Brazilians could become national players. Friedenreich was part of the team that played the first game for the national team. This still unofficial game took place on July 21, 1914 against Exeter City . He also took part in the first official international match on September 20, 1914 against the Argentine national soccer team .

In 1916 he took part in the Campeonato Sudamericano competition, which was held for the first time , and three years later, in 1919 , he won it with the Brazilian national team, also in 1922 . At the Campeonato Sudamericano in Argentina in 1921 , Friedenreich and all other non-white national players were left out. Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa , the then President of Brazil, had urged the Confederação Brasileira de Desportos to remove her from the squad, fearing that the appearance of non-white players "could see Brazil as an underdeveloped country and damage its reputation" . As a result, Brazil came in second - and the exclusion of non-whites was lifted after protests.

In the first football World Cup in 1930 , Friedenreich was not allowed to participate, as players from São Paulo were suspended due to disputes between the league associations Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos (APEA) and Liga de Amadores de Futebol (LAF). At the football World Cup in 1934 , he was too old as a 42-year-old. He played a total of 17 official senior internationals for Brazil, in which he scored eight goals, as well as six unofficial games, mostly against club teams, in which he scored two goals.

From July 8 to July 18, 1916, Friedenreich was Brazil's record player with three to six games, and also (at times together with three or four other players) from December 17, 1925 to January 31, 1942 with 15 to 17 games.

societies

Arthur Friedenreich played from 1909 in a number of football clubs, especially those in São Paulo. He won the São Paulo state championship with Athletico Paulistano in 1918, 1919, 1921, 1926, 1927 and 1929 and with São Paulo da Florensta in 1931 - an all-Brazilian league was only introduced in 1971.

Gates

According to FIFA, Friedenreich scored 1,329 goals (49 more than Pele ) during his career . This makes him the player who has scored the most goals in his career; he was also the first to cross the 1000 mark.

In total, Friedenreich was the top scorer of the São Paulo state championship nine times . In addition to the championship goals, there were further goals for the national team and for the São Paulo selection, as well as those in the tournaments popular at the time such as the Taça Competência , the São Paulo Cup tournament, and the Torneio Rio-São Paulo .

The top scorer of the Liga Paulista was Friedenreich for the following clubs in the years:

1912 AA Mackenzie College 12 gates
1914 Club Athletico Paulistano 12 goals
1917 CA Ypiranga 15 goals
1918 Club Athletico Paulistano 25 goals
1919 Club Athletico Paulistano 26 goals
1921 Club Athletico Paulistano 33 goals
1927 Club Athletico Paulistano 13 goals
1928 Club Athletico Paulistano 29 goals
1929 Club Athletico Paulistano 16 goals

Due to the disputes between amateur and professional clubs and the resulting temporary split of the Paulista League into the Paulista de Futebol (LPF, professionals) and the Paulista de Esportes Atléticos League (APEA, Amateurs), Friedenreich had to win the title of top scorer four times share with the following players:

1914 Neco ( SC Corinthians ), 12 goals
1927 Araken ( FC Santos ), 31 goals
1928 Heitor ( Palestra Italia , today Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras), 16 goals
1929 Feitiço (Santos FC), 12 goals

End of career

26 years after the beginning of his career, Friedenreich played his last game as a club player on July 21, 1935 at the age of 43. He then worked first as a trainer, later as an advertising agent for a brewery, until in 1963 he contracted Parkinson's disease, then also memory loss, withdrew completely and died impoverished.

Contribution to technology

Friedenreich is considered to be the discoverer of the spin shot in football and thus also the inventor of the banana flank . He is said to have been the first to consciously use this technique to give the ball a spin that influences its trajectory. Due to the resulting air circulation, the ball flies in a targeted manner on a crooked, arched path and is therefore more difficult to reach or assess by the opponent.

Prêmio Arthur Friedenreich (Arthur Friedenreich Prize)

The Arthur Friedenreich Prize was awarded to outstanding Brazilian football players between 1969 and 1975. In 2008 this award was revived. Every year, it is intended to honor the players who score the most goals in all competitive matches in the first national leagues, the national leagues Série A , B , C and D , the cup competition , the Copa Libertadores and the Copa Sul-Americana . Previous winners of the Friedenreich Prize are:

literature

  • Martin Curi: Friedenreich - The forgotten football genius . Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2009. ISBN 978-3-89533-646-1 .
  • Alexandre da Costa: O tigre do futebol. Uma viagem nos tempos de Arthur Friedenreich . Dorea Books and Art, São Paulo 1999. ISBN 85-72341-71-4 .
  • Orlando Duarte, Severino Filho: Fried versus Pelé . Makron, São Paulo 2000. ISBN 85-346-0988-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 13.
  2. ↑ Registration with Germânia , report on cbf.com.br of June 14, 2019, page in portugal, accessed on June 14, 2019
  3. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 54.
  4. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 36 and p. 83.
  5. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 74.
  6. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 50.
  7. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 76.
  8. ↑ List of Brazil's international matches from 1914-1922 , accessed on June 14, 2019
  9. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 77.
  10. ↑ All games of Brazil between 1914 and 1922 (engl./port.)
  11. ↑ All games of Brazil between 1923 and 1932 (engl./port.)
  12. ↑ All games of Brazil between 1934 and 1938 (engl./port.)
  13. ^ São Paulo. Club history ... FIFA.com, April 23, 2007, accessed July 1, 2016 .
  14. ↑ Alexandre da Costa doubts this number in a book O Tigre do Futebol . http://www.denografix.de/crisbrasil/SPORT/friedenreich2.htm
  15. ↑ Martin Curi: Friedenreich . Göttingen 2009. p. 93.
  16. ↑ "Maior artilheiro do país em 2008 Keirrison conquista Prêmio Friedensreich" , GloboEsporte, December 8, 1908
  17. ↑ Arthur Friedenreich Prize 2014 to Magno Alves

Web links

Commons : Arthur Friedenreich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Friedenreich, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedenreich, Artur
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Brazilian soccer player
DATE OF BIRTH July 18, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH São Paulo
DATE OF DEATH 6th September 1969
Place of death São Paulo