Artillery Review Commission

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APK seals: Depot administration and replacement battalion

The Artillery Examination Commission (APK), also known as the Royal Prussian Artillery Examination Commission , was a military authority established in 1809 for the Prussian Army and later also for the German Army in Berlin .

The same authority was called the Artillery Committee in Austria .

history

After the Prussian artillery was reorganized in 1808 under its new boss, Prince August of Prussia (1779–1843), it took place on March 17, 1809 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. with the highest cabinet order the formation of a special commission for artillery matters. Its first head was Prince August of Prussia. In the same year Johann Christian von Pontanus took over the management. Gerhard von Scharnhorst should also work for the APK, but this refused the office because of work overload. On February 29, 1816, the commission became the artillery examination commission by means of the “Highest Cabinet Order”.

At the end of the First World War in 1918, the APK was dissolved. Then the inspection for weapons of the Reichswehr was set up , the direction of which was entrusted to Karl Becker . In the mid-1920s, this resulted in the “Weapons and Equipment Inspection” of the Army Weapons Office (HWA).

Administration building

Administration building of the APK around 1909

Between 1893 and 1895, the Berlin VII Military Building Authority had a new administrative building built in what was then Kaiserallee - today Bundesallee  - under the direction of the secret senior building officer Bernhardt and the architect Wiezcorek . The APK used the building until 1918.

The officers Erich Hoepner and Henning von Tresckow who took part in the coup d'état of July 20, 1944 , worked here.

After the building, which had been damaged in World War II , was rebuilt, it was reopened as the Bundeshaus Berlin on April 17, 1950 . Until 1990 this was the seat of the representative of the Federal Government in Berlin as well as the Berlin representatives of federal ministries .

tasks

The artillery examination commission consisted of a president and officers of the artillery of the army and navy, it was responsible for the development, testing and procurement of artillery material. It also included evaluating foreign developments. Field artillery and foot artillery (fortress, siege and coastal artillery) were subordinate to the Praeses . The APK included a test department, a test company, a depot administration and a replacement battalion.

Shooting ranges

Jungfernheide / Tegel

From 1824, there was a parade ground and a shooting range in what was then Jungfernheide . In 1828 the Reinickendorfer artillery firing range was relocated here. The fire attempts took place until around 1875 on the area now known as the Tegel Firing Range (this is where Tegel Airport is located today ), near the Spandau rifle and ammunition factories. The increased range of the guns, reasons for secrecy and the now too densely populated area made it necessary to set up a new firing range in Kummersdorf.

Jueterbog

In 1886, attempts to shoot at a fortress target built according to Prussian and French models began at the Jüterbog military training area .

Kummersdorf

From around 1875, shooting was carried out at the Kummersdorf shooting range . After the First World War, the Kummersdorf Army Research Center was built here . With the end of the Second World War and the occupation of the area by the Red Army , shooting ended here.

Otto Schulz: Memorial to those who fell on the Artillery Examination Board 1914–1918

APK personalities (selection, alphabetical)

  • Bauer, Max (1869–1929), Colonel and Head of Department at the Supreme Army Command, military writer, Order Pour le Mérite with oak leaves, active for the APK from 1899–1902.
  • Bimbach and Dornheim, Reinold Fuchs von, since 1881 first consultant, later head of the APK, significantly involved in the development of smokeless powder and the new steel ammunition for heavy artillery.
  • Born, Max (1882–1970), physicist and Nobel Prize laureate, researched sound measurement methods for locating enemy artillery at the APK.
  • Encke, August (1794–1860), Prussian general, 1847–52 chief of the general inspection of the artillery , then artillery inspector and 1854–60 Preses of the APK, made outstanding contributions to the introduction of rifled artillery.
  • Heuser, Johann, major in the artillery, member of the APK
  • Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Kraft Karl August Eduard Friedrich Prinz zu (1827–1892), most recently general of the artillery, military writer, from 1868 member of the APK.
  • Jellinek, Walter (1885–1955), with APK from 1917.
  • Kehrer, Karl (1849–1924), most recently general of the artillery, 1869/70 graduate of the united artillery and engineering school in Berlin, from 1891 teacher at the field artillery school Jüterbog, 1893 department head at the APK, from 1901 inspector of the field artillery shooting school Jüterbog, from 1903 Preses of the APK, active in the testing of the 42 cm siege gun Dicke Bertha .
  • Kräwel, Christian Friedrich David (1776–1841), Lieutenant Colonel, from 1809 member of the APK.
  • Löwenstein, Leo (1879–1956), German physicist and chemist, most recently a captain, inventor of sound measurement, presented the APK in 1913 with a method for “finding the location of sound-producing objects”. The APK carried out tests to perfect the procedure at the Kummersdorf troop firing range.
  • Ludwig, Johann Emanuel (1758–1823), member of the APK from 1810.
  • Mintrop, Ludger (1880–1956), active for the APK in the field of sound measurement technology.
  • Neumann, Rudolf Sylvius von (1805–1881), most recently major general or general of the infantry, member since 1840 and from 1865 president of the APK.
  • Pontanus, Johann Christian von (1742–1813), member of the Upper War College since 1792, president of the APK from 1809.
  • Radowitz, Joseph von (1797-1853), Prussian general and statesman, in 1814 first teacher of mathematics and war sciences at the cadet institute in Kassel, from 1823 military teacher to the Prussian Prince Albrecht, from 1828 member of the highest military study authority, teacher at the war school and Member of the APK, from 1830 Chief of the General Staff of the Artillery.
  • Ribbentrop, Karl von, 1857/1858 leader of the APK test command.
  • Sallbach, Reinhold (1831–1895), Prussian general, President of the APK.
  • Schuster, Julius, is considered the first full-time science historian in Germany, from 1915 a scientific assistant at the APK.
  • Schwinning, Wilhelm (1874–1955), German metallurgist and member since 1909
  • Siemens, Adolf (1811–1887), most recently major general, designer, with APK from 1867, later its president.
  • Daniel Friedrich Gottlob Teichert (1796–1853), major in the artillery, member of the Frankfurt National Assembly 1848/1849, later lieutenant colonel in the Prussian War Ministry
  • Wille, Richard (1841–1911), most recently major general, military writer, since 1865 in the War Ministry and the APK, director of the artillery workshop in Spandau and head of the artillery design office in Spandau.

gallery

  • 1895–1918 APK administration building, Bundesallee 216–218, Berlin 2014

  • 1895–1918 APK administration building (courtyard), Bundesallee 216–218, Berlin 2014

  • 1895–1918 APK administration building (entrance with imperial eagle), Bundesallee 216–218, Berlin 2014

literature

  • Hugo Denecke: History of the Royal Prussian Artillery Examination Commission (on the occasion of the celebration of its centenary), Berlin 1909
  • Memorandum of attempted shooting. (= Communications from the Artillery Examination Commission. 13). Secret memorandum about attempts to shoot against the fortress target on the Jüterbog shooting range in the period from October 22 to December 10, 1886, on September 20, 1887 and from December 13 to 15, 1887. With 12 panels and 12 photographic images. Reichsdruckerei, Berlin 1892.

Web links

Commons : Royal Prussian Artillery Examination Commission  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ New necrology of the Germans. Volume 5, 5th year 1827, 2nd part, printing a. Publishing house Bernh. Ms. Voigt, Ilmenau 1829, pp. 619/620.
  2. ^ Gerhard von Scharnhorst. Private u. official writings. Volume 5: Head of the military reorganization: (Prussia 1808-1809). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20066-4 , p. 565.
  3. ↑ Statistical evidence of remarkable high-rise buildings by the Prussian garrison building administration that were completed between 1890 and 1899 . In: Supplement to the Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Vol. LII (1902), urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-90852 . Margin number 39, pp. 78-81.
  4. ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment: Monuments in Berlin - Bundeshaus.
  5. ↑ Official Journal. of the government in Potsdam, January 1837, p. 114.
  6. ↑ Henrik Schulze: Chronology of the garrison history. ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.henrik-schulze.de
  7. ↑ Book Description with biography: The great war in field and home. Memories and reflections from Colonel Bauer
  8. ↑ a b Franconia. Journal for Franconian history, art and culture. Issue 1, March 2013, p. 72 f. (digitized) ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wikommverlag.de
  9. ↑ biography
  10. ↑ Meyers Konversationslexikon. Fourth edition. Publishing house of the Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892. (digitized)
  11. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg: Biography
  12. ^ Gerhard von Scharnhorst. Private u. official writings. Volume 5: Head of the military reorganization: (Prussia 1808-1809). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20066-4 , p. 319.
  13. ^ Günter Nagel: Military sound measurements under Dr. Leo Lowenstein.
  14. ^ Gerhard von Scharnhorst. Private u. official writings. Volume 5: Head of the military reorganization: (Prussia 1808-1809). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20066-4 , p. 478.
  15. ↑ Professor Dr. Dr. hc Ludger Mintrop in memory. In: Seismos-Echo. No. 2/1956.
  16. ↑ Genealogical Working Group Carlsruhe in Upper Silesia: Biography ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.carlsruhe.net
  17. ^ Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst: Private and official writings. Volume 3: teacher, gunner, trailblazer. (Prussia 1801-1804). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-412-25005-8 , p. 21.
  18. ↑ Radowitz . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 13, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 544.
  19. ↑ biography. Archive Ribbentrop
  20. ↑ Sallbach . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 19, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 798.
  21. ↑ Gerd Simon, Ulrich Schermaul: Biography (PDF)
  22. ^ Siemens, Adolf . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 14, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 955.
  23. ↑ Wille, Richard . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 18, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 987.

Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 53.1 ″  N , 13 ° 19 ′ 52.3 ″  E