Astilbe chinensis
| Chinese splendor spar | ||||||||||||
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Astilbe chinensis in the Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden |
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| Astilbe chinensis | ||||||||||||
| Maxim. ( Franch. & Sav. ) |
The Chinese Astilbe ( Astilbe chinensis ) is a plant of the genus Astilbe ( Astilbe ) in the family Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). Varieties and hybrids derived from them are used as ornamental plants .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Chinese splendor spar is a perennial herbaceous plant . As a wild form, it reaches stature heights of 50 to 100 centimeters, cultivars even above. The underground rhizomes survive the winter and are dark brown in color. The stem is smooth.
The basal leaves are two to three times pinnate. Their leaflets are 1.8 to 8 centimeters long and 1.1 to 4 centimeters wide, rhombic-elliptical to ovate with a pointed upper end and serrated leaf margin. They are hairy, sparsely stiff, on the underside and glandular on the leaf veins. The two to three stem leaves are smaller than the basal leaves.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period is from August (in China from June) to September. Many flowers are dense, in candle-shaped panicle inflorescences 8 to 37 centimeters in length. The basal, dense brown hairy panicle branches are relatively long with a length of 4 to 11.5 centimeters, they branch at acute angles and lie on the inflorescence axis.
The flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five petals are pink, narrow spatulate and 3 to 4 millimeters long, they are pointed at the end.
Occurrence
The Chinese splendor spar occurs in China , Japan , Korea and eastern Siberia in forests and on the edges of forests, on meadows and along rivers. In China it thrives at altitudes of 400 to 3600 meters.
use
The splendid Chinese spar is planted as an ornamental plant near groups of trees and in perennial beds and is used as a cut flower . In terms of horticulture, a number of varieties are distinguished which do not necessarily always coincide with the clans described botanically under these names. The variety Astilbe chinesis var. Pumila reaches heights of growth of 25 to 30 centimeters and is less sensitive to drought. Astilbe chinensis var. Davidii becomes 120 to 150 centimeters high. Astilbe chinensis var. Tarquetii grows to a height of 120 cm. In 1900 the first plant of var. Chinensis was introduced into England, in 1901 the var. Davidii from northern East Asia and in 1911 the var. Pumila from Tibet .
Most of the garden astilbe grown belong to Astilbe × arendsii , the hybrid splendor . Astilbe chinensis is partly involved as one of the parent species in this diverse group .
Taxonomy
The species was first described as Hoteia chinensis in 1859 by the botanist Karl Johann Maximowicz , the type locality is the Amur region in the border area between China and Russia.
Astilbe chinensis belongs to the Astilbe rubra species group, a taxonomically difficult aggregate. Within this group, different systematists differentiate between different numbers of species. Some authors synonymize the species name chinensis with rubra , probably following the Kew Plant List, which refers to the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Morphologically, both differ in the hairiness of the sepals , which in Astilbe chinensis are smooth on the outside, in Astilbe rubra (in Korea) the outside is glandular.
In a study by Wei-Dong Zhu and colleagues in 2013, the species Astilbe koreana (Komar.) Nakai and Astilbe rubra Hook were closely related . f. & Thoms., But only those specimens of the species from Korea designated by this name, while those from Southwest China were more distantly related. This suggests that this species is not monophyletic . The authors point out that the subspecies of the species Astilbe chinensis are unclear. The Austrian botanist Fritz Knoll had already pointed out in 1909 that there were difficulties in distinguishing Astilbe chinensis var. Davidii from the typical form. Brian W. Trader, on the other hand, even regards the clan as a separate species of Astilbe davidii in his dissertation .
literature
- Jeff Cox: Perennial All-Stars: The 150 Best Perennials for Great-Looking, Trouble-Free Gardens, Rodale, 2002, pp. 62–63 [2]
- Ute Bauer: Perennial classics: Attractive bedding ideas with the most popular perennials, Gräfe and Unzer, 2011, pp. 70–72 [3]
- Ian Shenton: The Trouble with Plants: Tales of Trivia and Tribulation from an English Garden, Lulu.com, 2006, pp. 28–29 [4]
- Kultivars: Annual report - Weihenstephan University of Applied Sciences, Weihenstephan University of Applied Sciences, Obst- und Gartenbauverlag., 2000, p. 188 [5]
- Linden Hawthorne: Gardening with Shape, Line and Texture: A Plant Design Sourcebook, Timber Press, 2009, pp. 241–243 [6]
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Pan Jintang, (潘锦堂) Hideaki Ohba: Astilbe. , Pp. 274–276 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China , Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 .
- ↑ Thomas Meyer: Genus Prachtspiere (Astilbe). In: Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- ↑ Frances Tenenbaum: Taylor's Encyclopedia of Garden Plants , Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2003, pp. 43–44 [1]
- ↑ Heinz-Dieter Krausch : Kaiserkron and Peonies red ... From the discovery and introduction of our garden flowers . Dölling and Galitz Verlag, 2012, p. 70 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Astilbe rubra Hook, f. & Thomson, The Plant List
- ^ A b Brian W. Trader: Molecular and Morphological Investigation of Astilbe. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2006.
- ↑ Wei-Dong Zhu, Ze-Long Ne, Jun Wen, Hang Sun (2013): Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Astilbe (Saxifragaceae) in Asia and eastern North America. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 377-394. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2012.01318.x
- ^ Fritz Knoll (1909): Studies on species delimitation in the genus Astilbe. Session reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, mathematical and scientific class. Division 1 Mineralogy, Botany, Zoology, Anatomy, Geology, Paleontology 118: 45-88. download
