Perennial rapeseed yolk

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Perennial rapeseed yolk
Perennial rapeseed yolk (Rapistrum perenne)

Perennial rapeseed yolk ( Rapistrum perenne )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Brassiceae
Genre : Rapeseed yolk ( Rapistrum )
Type : Perennial rapeseed yolk
Scientific name
Rapistrum perenne
( L. ) All.

The perennial rapeseed yolk ( Rapistrum perenne ), also called perennial rapeseed yolk or perennial windbuck , is a species of the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The perennial rapeseed yolk is a perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 100 centimeters. The stem is densely stiff below. The stem leaves are arranged alternately. The lower leaves are deeply lobed to pinnate.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period of the perennial rapeseed yolk extends from May to August in Central Europe. The flower stalks are 1.5 to 2.5 times as long as the calyx . The flowers have four sepals , four deep yellow and with each other equally large petals , six stamens and a top permanent ovary with a stylus on. The stylus is briefly conical and shorter than the fruit, i. that is, the scar is almost sessile.

The fruits consist of two parts, i.e. i.e., they are a so-called limb pod

The bare fruits are so-called pods and are composed of two parts. The lower link is cylindrical, the upper one spherical to onion-shaped.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

ecology

The perennial rapeseed yolk is a hemicryptophyte .

The plant is a steppe roller : it breaks off at the base when it is ripe and is blown away by the wind. In this way, the diaspores can be spread over greater distances.

Occurrence

The perennial rapeseed yolk is native to Europe in East-Central , Southeastern and Eastern Europe. It occurs in France, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Norway, Finland, Croatia, Bulgaria, Italy, Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia. In Central Europe it thrives in societies of the Festuco-Brometea, Agropyretea or Sisymbrion classes. In Austria the perennial rape yolk occurs in the Pannonian region where it is native, scattered, otherwise rarely and unstable in loess - dry grasslands and old embankments in the hill and submontane altitudinal zone on. The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland . Only inconsistent occurrences are known from Upper Austria , Styria , Salzburg and North Tyrol .

photos

  • Dry grasslands are the natural habitat of the perennial rapeseed yolk.

  • Part of the inflorescence: the deep yellow petals are recognizable.

  • The terminal inflorescence develops numerous fruits.

  • Dead and broken plants are blown by the wind as steppe rollers.

  • The upper parts of the fruit break off one after the other and are thus spread out.

  • The upper part of the fruit contains one seed each.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 663 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 442.
  3. ↑ Entry in The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity, accessed on September 12, 2014

Web links

Commons : Perennial rapeseed yolk ( Rapistrum perenne )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files