Truck stop

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Motorway sign valid in Germany since 2001
Highway sign from 1947

A truck stop (or service station ) in Germany is a tank and service station that is signposted on the motorway . In contrast to motorway service stations, truck stops are not accessible on the federal motorway , but via regular motorway exits . You have a minimum number of pumps and parking spaces.

Autohof Lohfeldener Rüssel on the A 49 , Lohfelden
Chapel at the Lohfeldener Rüssel truck stop, Lohfelden

requirements

At the beginning of 2001 the term “Autohof” and its meaning for the users of the federal motorways and trunk roads was included in the StVO and thus defined. In order for a rest area to be called a truck stop and be entitled to signage in the motorway network (sign 448.1), special requirements must be met, which are listed in the administrative regulations for the StVO (VwV-StVO) for sign 448.1 truck stop. These are the following criteria:

  • The truck stop is no more than 1 km away from the junction .
  • The road connection is structurally suitable for heavy traffic , taking into account the interests of third parties.
  • The truck stop is open all year round and all day (24 hours).
  • There are at least 50 truck parking spaces on less frequented ( DTV (average daily traffic volume) up to 50,000 vehicles) and 100 truck parking spaces on more heavily frequented motorways. Parking spaces are shown separately.
  • Refueling is available around the clock; For vehicle repairs , at least specialist workshops and services are provided.
  • An extensive menu is available from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m., with drinks and snacks available outside of this time.
  • Sanitary facilities are available for the disabled as well as for the special needs of the driving staff.

Differentiation from motorway service stations

Motorway service stations are legally defined in Section 15 (1) FStrG as "operations on the federal motorways that serve the interests of road users on the federal motorways (e.g. petrol stations, guarded parking spaces, workshops, loading and transshipment facilities , rest stops) and have direct access to the Federal motorways have “ legally defined” and are also referred to as “ancillary operations”.

According to Section 15 (2) and (3) FStrG, when the construction or operation of an ancillary business is transferred to private third parties, annual revenue-based concession fees are to be paid to the Federal Office for Goods Transport , which are not payable at the always privately built and operated truck stops . While the planning sovereignty for truck stops is subject to the municipalities, ancillary businesses are a legal component of the federal motorways, which means that they require a plan approval decision .

The fact that the truck stops are not directly connected to the autobahn results in several decisive differences to the rest stops. On the one hand, truck stops can be approached from both directions by connecting them to the subordinate traffic network, while this can only be achieved with ancillary companies by expensive bridges or tunnels and is therefore rather an exception. In addition , truck stops are allowed to use advertising pylons to draw attention to themselves because, depending on the federal state , they may only be advertised with one to three signs per direction of travel on the motorway, whereas rest stops have up to five such signs per direction of travel. A decisive competitive advantage of the truck stops are the cheaper fuel, purchase and catering prices, which are up to 15 cents per liter or up to 30% below those of the ancillary businesses.

The petrol station prices at the truck stops generally correspond to those in the surrounding region. Truck stops try to attract the regional population as a target group and to differentiate themselves from rest stops through certain additional benefits such as a barefoot path at the 24-stop Gramschatzer Wald ( A7 ). The gastronomic offer of the truck stops is usually more varied (with service) and geared towards longer stays than that of the mostly self-service fast-food restaurants in subsidiary companies. In contrast to the almost monopoly competition among rest stops, the truck stop market is characterized by an oligopoly with four larger chains.

Representation of interests Association of German truck stops

The Association of German Truck Stops (VEDA e.V.) is the federal association founded in 1995 with the aim of representing the interests of medium-sized truck stops in politics and business as well as creating a new quality standard for on-the-go consumption. Today 65 truck stops are connected to the VEDA, all of which meet the standards drawn up and set by the VEDA. Significant successes of the association can be seen above all in the enabling of signage for truck stops and the creation of numerous truck parking spaces along the motorways. Due to the steadily increasing number of attacks on trucks, the qualification of the truck parking lot (parking lot management, premium parking ) is the current challenge for the association.

Use of the truck stops for the German motorway network

VEDA defines the benefits of the truck stops for the German motorway network as follows:

  • Truck stops are an indispensable part of the motorway's infrastructure because they have numerous truck parking facilities
  • Enabling compliance with the statutory driving and rest times for truck drivers
  • Contribution to safety and ease of traffic
  • Lower Government Spending - Truck stops are privately funded, built and operated, which can reduce government spending on rest stops
  • Medium-term reduction of the parking space deficit
  • Supporting EU efforts to simplify road transport
  • No exclusion of population groups when it comes to supply on the motorway

Another aspect is the supply of new motorway routes due to the much shorter development time - from planning to building permit - of truck stops compared to state motorway service stations.

Origin and development in Germany

A first facility with this name for 50 cars was built in the second half of the 1920s at the Botanical Garden in Berlin-Lichterfelde before the motorway was expanded . From the beginning, truck stops on motorways were mainly intended as parking facilities for long-distance freight transport. Towards the end of the 1930s, they offered inexpensive overnight accommodation for drivers as well as maintenance, refueling and washing facilities for the vehicles. In 1938 there were also 43 cargo space distribution points at the truck stops. At the time, the aim was to move the reloading of goods to the truck stops so that the traffic in the inner cities would not be additionally burdened by the long-distance trucks. A truck stop should on the one hand take into account the proximity to the business centers, on the other hand be on an important arterial road. The connection to a motorway was not the top selection goal. Nevertheless, the truck stops developed with the expansion of the trunk road network, especially on the motorways, as these increasingly took on the role of major arterial roads.

While Germany's first service station was built in Rodaborn near Triptis in Thuringia in 1936 , the first strategically planned and one-piece truck stops, which correspond to the current conception of the term, did not develop until the 1980s. The main trigger for their spread was the increasing volume of transport and the simultaneous stricter regulation of breaks and rest times for long-distance drivers, which caused the need for parking spaces to increase rapidly and could no longer be covered by the federal service stations. Private investors and international petroleum companies tried to close this supply gap and initially relocated their privately operated truck stops, which are mostly leased to individual operators, primarily at motorway exits on north-south long-distance routes with an above-average share of international freight traffic . After German reunification and in the course of the EU's eastward expansion, they also expanded their locations to include east-west connections in order to be able to serve the rapidly growing trade traffic on these routes. In addition, there were other private providers and other oil companies, all of which now have large networks of truck stops.

Not only the positioning of the truck stops, but also their target group and the conception, especially in the gastronomic area, developed more and more dynamically over time. First of all, in the 1980s, international truck drivers in particular, who frequented the truck stops in addition to the pure gas station function, also to observe their rest times, were addressed. The target group subsequently expanded to include car drivers and bus travelers. In this context, at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, restaurants and petrol station areas at truck stops were merged, shop areas were enlarged and bistros opened in the shop area, before fast-food chains were also integrated later .

In addition to the pure expansion of the gastronomic offer, additional offers such as car service companies, in particular washing facilities and workshops, hotels, beer gardens, playgrounds or entertainment centers are increasingly being implemented in order to reach regional customers with a high quality of stay at a very good price-performance ratio.

When the VEDA was founded, discussions were held with the Federal Ministry of Transport with the aim of establishing criteria for official signage . In 1994 the first official truck stop signs were erected at the Euro Rastpark Schweitenkirchen and the Rasthof Vechta. In 2001 the developed criteria were also adopted in the StVO. In a model project with the state of Baden-Württemberg , there has been signage on the motorway at the 24-Autohof Bad Rappenau for the first time since 2012 , in which a truck parking space count is integrated. Due to the increasing shortage of parking spaces on German motorways, the VEDA was able to launch the “Parking against signs” campaign with some federal states ( Bavaria , Baden-Württemberg, Hesse , Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt ; as of 2016). Truck stops may be advertised with a second sign for each direction of travel on the motorway if, in return, they create 50% more truck parking spaces than required by law.

In order to counteract the also significantly increased crime rate on truck parking spaces in truck stops, a VEDA concept has been in place since 2016 in which at least 20 certified "Premium or Quality truck parking spaces" are to be created by 2017. 8 premium parking spaces had already been opened by summer 2016. These are comprehensively monitored by cameras and have entrance controls, which can reduce theft of goods and attacks on truck drivers.

With regard to electromobility , truck stops are clear efficiency locations and take on a pioneering role in establishing alternative fuels in Germany. They benefit from the direct accessibility from both directions of the motorway and from the region, which means that a wider range of users can be served at lower costs. For this reason, the US car manufacturer Tesla Motors positions its supercharger stations exclusively at truck stops, but not at rest stops, which reflects the increased importance of truck stops for the German transport system.

United States

Truck stops, the American truck rest areas are optionally equipped with scales for trailers and electrified parking spaces. Since axle loads are subject to strict regulations in the USA and the fuel supply contributes to the weight of the vehicle, vehicles and trailers can be weighed in a recorded manner so as not to be penalized for overloads at state scales, the weight stations. IdleAir is a provider of air conditioning, communication and power supply systems for trucks at rest at some rest areas to replace the need for stationary engines.

literature

  • Johann Vielberth, Christian Bretthauer: Private truck stops - more service for the mobile society. In: Bernd Falk, Momme Torsten Falk (ed.): Handbook of commercial and special real estate. Immobilien Informationsverlag Rudolf Müller, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-89984-135-2 , pp. 161–172.
  • Thomas Burmeister among others: gas stations and rest stops / truck stops. In: Bernd Heuer, Andreas Schiller (Eds.): Special properties, airports, leisure properties, hotels, industrial monuments, rehabilitation clinics, senior citizens' homes, petrol stations and rest stops / truck stops. Rudolf Müller Bau-Fachinformationen, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-481-01209-8 , pp. 423–471.
  • Konrad Bauer: Chapter 43. In: Kurt Kodal (Hrsg.): Straßerecht Handbuch. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-52567-4 , Chapter 43 Rn. 58.

Web links

Commons : Truck stops  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Vielberth , Christian Bretthauer: Private Autohöfe - More Service for the Mobile Society. In: Bernd Falk, Momme Torsten Falk (ed.): Handbook of commercial and special real estate. Immobilien Informationsverlag Rudolf Müller, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-89984-135-2 , p. 162.
  2. ↑ Thomas Burmeister et al.: Tank and rest areas / truck stops. In: Bernd Heuer, Andreas Schiller (Eds.): Special properties, airports, leisure properties, hotels, industrial monuments, rehabilitation clinics, senior citizens' homes, petrol stations and rest stops / truck stops. Verlagsgesellschaft Rudolf Müller Bau-Fachinformationen, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-481-01209-8 , p. 426.
  3. ↑ Konrad Bauer: Chapter 43. In: Kurt Kodal (Hrsg.): Straßenrecht Handbuch. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-52567-4 , Chapter 43 Rn. 58.
  4. ↑ VwV-StVO (2009) General administrative regulation for the road traffic regulations in the version of July 17, 2009. Regarding sign 448.1 Autohof 2-8.
  5. ↑ Thomas Burmeister et al.: Tank and rest areas / truck stops. In: Bernd Heuer, Andreas Schiller (Eds.): Special properties, airports, leisure properties, hotels, industrial monuments, rehabilitation clinics, senior citizens' homes, petrol stations and rest stops / truck stops. Publishing company Rudolf Müller Bau-Fachinformationen, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-481-01209-8 , pp. 426–428.
  6. ↑ Thomas Burmeister et al.: Tank and rest areas / truck stops. In: Bernd Heuer, Andreas Schiller (Eds.): Special properties, airports, leisure properties, hotels, industrial monuments, rehabilitation clinics, senior citizens' homes, petrol stations and rest stops / truck stops. Verlaggesellschaft Rudolf Müller Bau-Fachinformationen, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-481-01209-8 , p. 426.
  7. ^ Johann Vielberth, Christian Bretthauer: Private Autohöfe - More Service for the Mobile Society. In: Bernd Falk, Momme Torsten Falk (Ed.) Handbook Commercial and Special Real Estate, Real Estate Information Publishing House Rudolf Müller, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-89984-135-2 , p. 167.
  8. ↑ Truck stops want to increase safety on German motorways by changing the law - side effect: the federal government saves three-digit million euros. VEDA eV website, September 13, 2013, accessed on March 21, 2016.
  9. ↑ Saving on the autobahn - truck stops are cheaper than rest areas! Mobil in Deutschland eV, August 5, 2013, accessed on March 18, 2016.
  10. ↑ Sabine Behr: ADAC Test 2013: 40 rest stops and truck stops in Germany. accessed on March 20, 2016.
  11. ↑ Volker Thies: Monopoly driving on and on the motorways? In: Immobilienzeitung. March 30, 2016, accessed March 30, 2016.
  12. ↑ VEDA eV: Comparative analysis of the use of truck stops and ancillary businesses on motorways. (Contractor: INOVAPLAN GmbH) August 2013.
  13. ↑ Thomas Burmeister et al.: Tank and rest areas / truck stops. In: Bernd Heuer, Andreas Schiller (Eds.): Special properties, airports, leisure properties, hotels, industrial monuments, rehabilitation clinics, senior citizens' homes, petrol stations and rest stops / truck stops. Verlagsgesellschaft Rudolf Müller Bau-Fachinformationen, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-481-01209-8 , p. 433.
  14. ↑ List of truck stops in Germany by location. accessed on March 30, 2016.
  15. ^ Website of the VEDA e. V. accessed on March 30, 2016.
  16. ↑ a b c PREMIUM parking on the motorway. Website of the VEDA e. V., accessed March 30, 2016.
  17. ↑ autohof.de website of the VEDA eV under cooperation, accessed on March 30, 2016.
  18. ↑ Bad investment: The lights go out at Tank & Rast. ( Memento from April 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) at: presseportal.de , March 17, 2015, accessed on March 30, 2016.
  19. ↑ Construction plans: truck stops for long-distance freight transport. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. 1, 1938, p. 18.
  20. ↑ Germany's first motorway service station “Rodaborn”. on: hermsdorf-regional.de , accessed on March 30, 2016.
  21. ↑ Thomas Burmeister et al.: Tank and rest areas / truck stops. In: Bernd Heuer, Andreas Schiller (Eds.): Special properties, airports, leisure properties, hotels, industrial monuments, rehabilitation clinics, senior citizens' homes, petrol stations and rest stops / truck stops. Verlaggesellschaft Rudolf Müller Bau-Fachinformationen, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-481-01209-8 , p. 431.
  22. ^ Johann Vielberth, Christian Bretthauer: Private Autohöfe - More Service for the Mobile Society. In: Bernd Falk, Momme Torsten Falk (ed.): Handbook of commercial and special real estate. Immobilien Informationsverlag Rudolf Müller, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-89984-135-2 , p. 163.
  23. ↑ Thomas Burmeister et al.: Tank and rest areas / truck stops. In: Bernd Heuer, Andreas Schiller (Eds.): Special properties, airports, leisure properties, hotels, industrial monuments, rehabilitation clinics, senior citizens' homes, petrol stations and rest stops / truck stops. Verlagsgesellschaft Rudolf Müller Bau-Fachinformationen, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-481-01209-8 , p. 433.
  24. ^ Johann Vielberth, Christian Bretthauer: Private Autohöfe - More Service for the Mobile Society. In: Bernd Falk, Momme Torsten Falk (ed.): Handbook of commercial and special real estate. Immobilien Informationsverlag Rudolf Müller, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-89984-135-2 , p. 164.
  25. ↑ Alexander Ruscheinsky's website
  26. ^ First subway unit on the highway. on: cafe-future.net , November 8, 2006. Accessed March 11, 2016.
  27. ↑ Transport Minister Herrmann enthusiastic about the 24-car stop in Bad Rappenau. Website of the VEDA e. V. Accessed March 11, 2016.
  28. ↑ Not having a parking space on the Autobahn: Dangerous maneuvers: Truck chaos makes rest areas unsafe. In: Focus Online. 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  29. ↑ Second truck stop sign in Hessen. Website of the VEDA e. V. 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  30. ↑ Official criteria catalog of the Premium & Quality Parking, official Premium Parking website. Retrieved August 4, 2016
  31. ↑ Overview of all Premium & Quality parking spaces on the official Premium Parking website. Retrieved August 4, 2016
  32. ↑ New premium truck parking spaces - Not a good place for goods theft Article from June 21st. 2016, from Presseportal.de, accessed on August 4, 2016.
  33. ↑ Map of the TESLA Supercharger locations. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  34. ^ Website of the 24-Autobahn-Raststätten GmbH. Retrieved March 20, 2016.