Azodicarboxamide

Structural formula
General
Surname	Azodicarboxamide
other names	Azodicarbonamide; Azodicarboxylic acid diamide; 1,1′-azobis (formamide); Dicarbamoyl diimide; Diazenedicarboxamide; Azobiscarbonamide; C, C′-azodiformamide; 1,1'-azobiscarbamide; Azodicarbamide;
Molecular formula	C 2 H 4 N 4 O 2
Brief description	yellowish odorless solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	204-650-8
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.229
PubChem	31269
Wikidata	Q415646
properties
Molar mass	116.08 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.65 g cm −3
Melting point	> 90 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	practically insoluble in water (35 mg l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 228-334
	EUH: 044
	P: 261-284-304 + 340-342 + 311
Authorization procedure under REACH	Of particular concern: Serious effects on human health are considered likely
Toxicological data	> 6400 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Azodicarboxamide is a chemical compound from the group of azo compounds and urea derivatives .

Extraction and presentation

Azodicarboxamide can be obtained by reacting urea with hydrazine and oxidizing the intermediate product formed.

properties

Azodicarbonamide is a yellowish solid. It decomposes above 90 ° C, producing nitrogen , carbon monoxide , isocyanic acid and their polymerization products, as well as ammonia , and a sharp rise in pressure occurs in closed vessels. Semicarbazide is formed during thermal degradation .

use

Expansion of a polymer

Azodicarboxamide can be used as a leavening agent. Azodicarbonamide is added to foods made from flour as a dough improver and bleaching agent. This use of azodicarbonamide as a food additive (E927) is no longer allowed in the EU.

Azodicarboxamide is also the best known chemical blowing agent for thermoplastics and epoxy resins . With a gas yield of 220 ml / g it is very economical.

safety instructions

Azodicarboxamide is an explosive solid. It reacts to impact or friction, heating or other ignition sources with rapid decomposition with the formation of large quantities of gas.

Web links

Azodicarbonamide propellant in jar lids banned from August 2nd ( Ministry of Consumers) Press release of the Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture of July 8th, 2005 (PDF; 20 kB)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on azodicarboxamide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ Entry on C, C′-azodi (formamide) in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Entry in the SVHC list of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on April 21, 2020.
↑ Joseph C. Salamone: Polymeric materials encyclopedia: FG , Volume 4, p. 2563; ISBN 978-0-8493-2470-3 .
↑ A. Sant Prakash, William A. Swam and Alec N. Strachan: The thermal decomposition of azodicarbonamide (1,1′-azobisformamide) , J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1975, 46-50, doi : 10.1039 / P29750000046 .
↑ ^a ^b EFSA: EFSA publishes further evaluation of semicarbazide in food .
↑ Hans Domininghaus: The plastics and their properties . 6th edition. Springer, 2004, ISBN 3-540-21410-0 , pp. 167 .

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on azodicarboxamide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[CLP_100.004.229-2] Entry on C, C′-azodi (formamide) in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[SVHC-3] Entry in the SVHC list of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on April 21, 2020.

[4] Joseph C. Salamone: Polymeric materials encyclopedia: FG , Volume 4, p. 2563; ISBN 978-0-8493-2470-3 .

[5] A. Sant Prakash, William A. Swam and Alec N. Strachan: The thermal decomposition of azodicarbonamide (1,1′-azobisformamide) , J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1975, 46-50, doi : 10.1039 / P29750000046 .

[efsa-6] EFSA: EFSA publishes further evaluation of semicarbazide in food .

[7] Hans Domininghaus: The plastics and their properties . 6th edition. Springer, 2004, ISBN 3-540-21410-0 , pp. 167 .