Bützflethermoor

Bützflethermoor is a small town in Lower Saxony that belongs to the city of Stade and is about 39 km west-northwest of Hamburg's center and 4 km northwest of Bützfleth . At 0.3 m below sea ​​level, it is one of the deepest places in Germany. Bützflethermoor forms the city boundary from Stade to the Drochtersen community and the Oldendorf-Himmelpforten community and also represents the gateway to the Kehdinger Land .

geography

From a geographical perspective, Bützflethermoor lies in the Elbe-Weser triangle; Seen on a smaller scale, between Elbe and Oste and there again behind the Elbmarschen directly on the formerly large "Kehdinger Moor". The distance to the Elbe beach is 4.5 km as the crow flies, to the Oste about 10 km. The distance to Stade is about 6.4 km and to Bützfleth it is only 3.2 km.

Bützflethermoor belongs to the southernmost part of the Kehdinger Land and is a street village, a special kind of the row village. Due to the colonization of the moor in earlier times, the houses and farms are close and directly on the traffic route, the Süderstraße and Norderstraße (K 27), from which two small forks branch off, the Schulstieg and the Milky Way. The moor communities are all, starting from the south and running northwards, like pearls on a chain, east of the formerly large "Kehdinger Moor", on the "Moorstraße", the K 27, the Stadermoor, Götzdorfermoor, Bützflethermoor, Asselermoor, Ritschermoor, Gauensiekermoor, Drochtersenermoor, Aschhornermoor and Dornbuschermoor connects and finally meets the T-piece of the east-west running B 495.

environment

drainage

The "Bützflether Canal" is a drainage ditch (also called Wetter or Fleth ) that drains the grassland of Bützflethermoor. The origin of this larger canal begins in the “Kehdinger Moor” (east of the Süderstraße), where the water is taken up by drainage in the fields and flows into several smaller drainage ditches. Then, having already become a wider canal, it runs parallel and south to Moorchaussee in the direction of Bützfleth. The canal touches Bützfleth in the north near Depenbeck, then continues to Kreuel and there it is fed into the Bützfleth Süderelbe, which then flows into the Elbe after about 400 m.

Bützflethermoor and surroundings earlier

The name of the place "Bützflethermoor" is a topographical location designation, as the place lies between Bützfleth and the former "Kehdinger Moor".

Etymologically, the name Bützfleth comes from "Buttesflethe", mentioned in 1060 in the chronicle of the Harsefeld monastery, and means something like "Butenfleth", ie "Außenfleth" (Low German means "Buten" outside, outside). In 1360 the place is mentioned as "Butvlete" - "on the outer Fleth" (Außenfleth) - in a family history of the state of Kehdingen.

Bützflethermoor is still named as "Bützflether Moorstrich" in the Electorate of Hanover from the 18th century, which was recorded in 1769. “Stadermoor” was still called “Schölischer Moorstrich” at the time. Both Bützflether Moorstrich and Schölischer Moorstrich were moor villages that lay next to each other on the "Kehdinger Moor". At that time, “Asseler-Sand”, “Kraut-Sand” and “Bützflether-Sand”, as it was spelled at the time, were still real islands that lay in the “Elbe River”. The Bützflethermoor, at that time "Bützflether Moorstrich", lay between the Geestrandmoor and the Elbmarschen. At that time and in the area between “Bützflether Moorstrich” (in the east) and Burweg or “Ochsenpohl” (in the west), the Kehdinger Moor was only interrupted by small “Geestinseln” that lay in the middle of the moor. In particular, these were “The Small Villa” (today's “Klein Villah”) and the slightly larger “Hamma”, today's “Hammah”. A branch path led from Hamma to the moor island, "the large villa", which was uninhabited and was probably still waterlogged during the season and therefore was used seasonally as a pasture for cattle.

In 1878 (according to the Royal Prussian Land Survey of 1878 on a scale of 1: 25,000) the Bützflethermoor was already called "Bützflether Moor", but it was written in two words. Stadermoor was also written in two words and was renamed from Stader-Moorstrich to "Stader-Moor". Götzdorfermoor has not yet been mapped on this map.

During this time there is a street to the east of Süderstraße running parallel to it, the "Schulstieg", which ran as far as Stadermoor and on which the Bützflether Moor school was also located. To the east of this street, which like the Süderstraße, ran from north to south, was the "Hochmoor", exactly between Bützflether Moor and Groß Sterneberg, in what is now the area of ​​the red mud dump.

Even further to the east, in the direction of Groß Sterneberg, connected to the high moor “Das wilde Moor”. Both moors belonged to the "Kehdinger Moor".

The moor farmers who settled along today's Süderstraße and the Schulstieg had only made small, narrow strips at most 100 m long, which ran from their farms in an easterly direction (into the moor), for agricultural use. The area of ​​these agricultural strips further to the east still consisted of original moor.

During the severe storm surge of 1962, large parts of the green areas in Bützflethermoor were flooded. However, the settlements on the Wurten remained intact.

Moor then and now

The land is located below sea level. In earlier times there was still an intact high moor, the "Kehdinger Moor" with around 80 km². In the 13th century, the Kehdinger Moor was largely inaccessible and made the accessible land look like an island. The two rivers, Elbe and Oste , contributed to the formation of the raised bog, as glacial sediments were deposited on the river banks and the water between the dams could not run off. Reeds, reeds and peat-forming mosses settled and were fed by precipitation, so that a thick layer of peat could form.

Today the "Kehdinger Moor" is a holdover, it has shrunk immensely and is east of the village center. Part of the formerly large "Kehdinger Moor" lies between Bützflethermoor and "Groß Sterneberg"; The Kehdinger Moor has undergone a dramatic change in landscape in just two centuries, which has not yet been completed.

From the Moorchaussee and from the Süderstraße there are small branch paths (field paths), which are lined with birch trees on both sides. These are about 1 m higher than the meadows and lead directly into the moor, some of them still have the original height from the time before the moor was drained. Unfortunately, these picturesque “moor paths” are being removed these days.

The moor paths lead into the meadows and into the moor, where the typical suspended ceilings are still located. Occasionally there are still hidden flooded meadow pools in the smallest of spaces, which dry out in summer and the typical moor vegetation, such as B. cottongrass and peat moss, and in which there are still moor frogs. Species typical of raised bogs are reclaiming the bog in a very small space. Intensive agriculture has caused the populations to become isolated.

The classic layer structure (easy to recognize in the soil profile) of the peat soils looks like this: the top and youngest layer consists of white peat (light peat layer) and is about 1 m thick, it was formed from 1000 AD to today. This is followed by black peat (dark peat layer), which dates from around 2000 BC. Chr. To 1000 AD and is also about 1 m thick, including the reed peat layer that is currently. the formation of fens, underneath in turn is the "grown C horizon", the "grown sand".

Due to the earlier floods of the Elbe (before the dyke was built) there are also layers of clay.

In the past one had to protect oneself against the floods, primarily from the floods that came from the moor. Therefore you see the old farms still increases in the flat landscape are, they are on Lehmlinsen and mounds, and mounds called settled. Because the water storage is still high, the soil in the bog warms up more slowly in spring.

Today the permanent drainage, both of the Bützflether moor and the surrounding places and areas, is done by a system of drainage ditches, the so-called "Flethen" with their pumping stations, which are operated by the Bützflether lock association. Every year, in early spring, the Flethe are deeply dredged. The drainage of the moor is the result of agriculture, especially the dairy industry, which has become more and more intensive over the years.

Through the peat cleardown in Handtorfsticherverfahren in earlier times and intensive agriculture and livestock farming , combined with drainage measures, the "intact Moor" is not seen in Bützflethermoor longer exist, or only occasional small-scale sites.

economy

The Hartlef inn is located in the center of the village.

The district is characterized by conventional agriculture. With three courtyards, Bützflethermoor is the station of the Lower Saxony Milky Way (Hof Jan Plath, Hof Peter Hartlef and Hof Reinhard Haak).

Over time, a large number of residents have settled in Bützflethermoor who work outside of agriculture. Since Airbus in Stade-Ottenbek and Hamburg-Finkenwerder (only 42 km away) and Dow Chemical on Bützflether Sand (Stade) with 1,500 employees is an attractive employer, the rural area around Stade also attracts relevant professions to "living in the countryside" .

care

In Bützflethermoor there are no doctors, shops, banks, post offices or other supplies, the closest supply center is Bützfleth, 4 km away .

Red mud landfill

Red mud landfill

Coordinates: 53 ° 38 ′ 19 ″  N , 9 ° 25 ′ 4 ″  E

A red mud dump was created by the company Aluminum-Oxid Stade (AOS) between Bützflethermoor and Stadermoor . This red mud dump with the dimensions of 1,130 m × 1,525 m was completed in 1973, east of the Süderstraße, between Bützflethermoor and Stadermoor.

The facilities of the company " Oxidfabrik der Aluminum Oxid Stade GmbH (AOS) " were built in 1970/73 on 55  hectares on the Elbe in the industrial area of ​​Bützfleth. Production started at the end of 1973. Currently 1,050,000 tons of aluminum oxide are produced annually. The aluminum oxide Stade GmbH is a Umarbeitungsgesellschaft. The raw material for aluminum oxide production is bauxite, which is delivered to Bützfleth. The end product, alumina , is sold to the electrolytic aluminum industry. Different types of aluminum hydroxide are also produced in Bützfleth for different branches of industry. In the production of aluminum oxide, a white aluminum hydroxide is produced in dry or moist form.

The constituents of the raw material bauxite (mainly mineral iron, aluminum, silicon and titanium compounds) that are not dissolved during the digestion are pumped through a pipeline to the red mud dump in the Bützflethermoor and disposed of there. The red color is mainly caused by iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ). The rainwater falling on the landfill, which does not naturally evaporate, has to be removed. For this purpose, a treatment plant was installed at AOS that cleans the excess rainwater before it is discharged into the Elbe. In dry, windy weather, the area must be sprinkled with water so that the red dust does not rise and blow away.

Wind turbine

Located parallel to Landernweg, five wind turbines , each with an output of 1,000 kVA, were built, the total height of each wind turbine is 103 m.

Political topics

On the one hand, one tries in the Stade area, the maritime flair, the nature along the Elbe, the Kehdinger Moor, the moor landscape and the like. a. also to be highlighted for tourism, on the other hand it is the wish of politicians to settle big industry along the Elbe. This involves three planned coal-fired power plants, an 800 MW hard coal power plant in Stade-Bützfleth, on Bützflether Sand (from the Belgian company Electrabel ), and two more in the immediate vicinity.

There is a lot of resistance and a citizens' initiative against this project.

The two opposing concepts, on the one hand nature in the greater Stade area and tourism as an economic factor , on the other hand large-scale industry with its environmental pollution from the CO ₂ emissions from coal-fired power plants, are vehemently advocated by politicians, but they cannot be reconciled with one another and are causing great unrest into the population, who mostly live from tourism and agriculture.

Demographics and religion

The community is evangelical-Lutheran and belongs to the parish of Bützfleth. Heike Kehlenbeck is the pastor of the Protestant parish of St. Nicolai.

traffic

The place is connected via the Kreisstraße 27 with Asselermoor and Ritschermoor (Norderstraße) in the northwest and with Götzdorfer Moor and Stadermoor (Süderstraße) and further to Stade in the south. The Moorchaussee leads to Bützfleth .

trail

A meadow and field path that leads from Bützflethermoor to Groß Sterneberg was to be converted into a road in the 1930s and 1940s, during the Nazi era. However, that did not happen. This dirt road, which leads from the Schulsteig and to the boundary of Groß Sterneberg, is to be expanded as a public hiking trail.

Bike lanes

A network of cycle paths throughout the region, and especially the scenic “Landernweg”, a car-free paved road that comes from Stadermoor, runs through the meadow landscape to Aschhornermoor (or Dornbuschermoor) and touches the Bützflethermoor. It is particularly nice that from Landernweg on the right you have a view of the church in Assel, which is visible in the distance, while on the left you can see the courtyards of the Milky Way in Bützflethermoor. The Landernweg is used by those seeking relaxation, strollers, joggers, skaters, cyclists and Nordic walkers.

Planned motorway

The planned “coastal motorway” A 20 (formerly planned as A 22 ), which connects the A 28 at Westerstede with the Elbe crossing at Drochtersen, will be 3.5 km from Bützflethermoor.

Another motorway in the planning stage is the A 26 (Hamburg-Stade). The planned route runs exactly next to the "Landernweg" and will thus separate the Bützflethermoor from Bützfleth. Not only farmers, but also the houses in Bützflethermoor will be affected by the negative effects of the motorway, which is only 800 m away.

Both motorways increase the urban sprawl in and around Bützflethermoor and the city of Stade.

media

The Stader Tageblatt appears with the Südkehdinger local section.

In addition, the Bützflether Handball Blatt (BHB) published by the Bützfleth Handball Association is published with reports from TuSV Bützfleth, especially HSG Bützfleth-Drochtersen, and from local events.

education

• There used to be a primary school in the Bützflethermoor, today the volunteer fire brigade is housed in this building .
• There is a kindergarten in Schölisch, about 5.5 km away, and in Bützfleth.
• The primary school is attended in Bützfleth.

All secondary schools are in Stade and Drochtersen. In addition to a Waldorf school, there are two secondary schools, the Camper Höhe secondary school and the Hohenwedel secondary school.

• There are three vocational schools in Stade: BBS I - JOBELMANN-SCHULE (commercial, technical and pedagogical subjects), BBS II - Handelslehranstalt (commercial subjects) and BBS III (agricultural-horticultural subjects).
• In the center of the city of Stade there are two high schools, the Athenaeum and the Vincent-Lübeck-Gymnasium .
• An adult education center is also located in Stade.

leisure

Football field

The center of the village community is the volunteer fire brigade (fire fighting group Bützflethermoor) with its location in the "old school". Between the building of the "old school", which was still used as a local elementary school in the 1960s, and "Hartlef's Gasthof" is a small football field combined with a playground, which in summer is used by groups of children and young people who come from more distant villages , is used to "bolt".

Bathing possibilities

In Bützfleth there is a heated outdoor pool (usually open from May to September, recently with restricted opening times) and a long beach north-east of Bützfleth (in Abbenfleth). In the 2006 season, the outdoor swimming pool was operated for the first time by a private sponsoring association, which averted the closure by the city of Stade.

Village festivals and customs

Rose Monday (cabbage dinner) and harvest ball

Highlights of village life are the harvest ball in October, and the "carbon food" on Carnival Monday .

For the traditional "bacon collecting", as the collecting of money for the festival is still called today, firefighters go from house to house in pairs in uniform on the Sunday before Shrove Monday to collect contributions from the residents and invite them to the festival. At the beginning of the coal meal on Rose Monday, skits about village life with current relevance are presented to the assembled village community. During the “Kohlessen”, the fire brigade in uniforms serves the local traditional kale dish with cabbage sausages, smoked pork and pissed meat to live music. In both cases, the organizer is the local fire brigade.

Easter fire

Another “highlight” in spring is the Easter bonfire . Every year, on the evening of Holy Saturday , an Easter fire is lit on the "lands" in the meadows. For this purpose, branches and scrub cut from trees and bushes are brought by the residents from the surrounding villages. As large a pile as possible is piled up. In the evening, after dark, the fire is lit.

The custom of the Easter fire goes back to pre-Christian traditions, the younger Bronze Age and Iron Age. These early burnt victims' sites, occupied by earth pits with a high proportion of charcoal and burnt stones at the edge, were also located in an exposed location in the area, close to the water, but far from the residential areas. The practice was later adopted by the Christianized communities.

Private Easter bonfires require approval (a fee is no longer required in the city of Stade), they must be registered and be at least 200 m away from the houses.

regional customs

New year knock

At "Neijohrskloppen", go on January 1st every year, z. Even today, some residents of the village from house to house, wish a Happy New Year and drink a grog (rum poured with hot water) in every house visited; Fried eggs are eaten together at the house last visited (often even at one of the first).

Pentecost tree plants

When planting the Pentecost tree , single men (who had already been confirmed but were not more than thirty years old) used to go from door to door to introduce themselves to single virgins. They placed a young birch on their doors. The girl or her parents then give out one more.

Today the Pentecost tree planting on Whit Sunday mainly serves to promote the village community and the integration of the young people into the community, because some girls also come to the next houses.

Weddings and anniversaries of weddings

Weddings and anniversaries of weddings (wooden wedding, silver wedding, golden wedding, diamond wedding) are e.g. Sometimes started with "hanging the wreath", d. H. the neighbors, or rather friends of the couple these days, tie a wreath of fir branches or oak leaves and decorate it according to the respective wedding (wooden wedding with wood shavings from the carpenter, silver wedding with small silver objects, etc.) The wreath is made a day or two before the actual party draped on the couple's front door or attached to the courtyard entrance.

Culinary specialties

• Kehdinger wedding soup, a strong soup with a lot of fillings and a sweet and sour taste, which is cooked with the ingredients soup meat (beef brisket), rice, potatoes, raisins, soup greens, mince dumplings, salt and pepper.
• Kale with cabbage sausages and smoked pork / pork belly and boiled potatoes. For many, a good portion of mustard is a must.
• Kehdinger Klüten with baked fruit
• smoked soup ( roasted soup )
• Bützflether Moorwasser : Preparation: 4 cl vodka, 3 cl Kahlua, 2 cl cold filter coffee, 1 pinch of guarana , 0.5 cl cream. Shaken. On top you put a thin plate of chocolate made from green tea (this gives a dark green color). Garnish: 2 long stalks of rush grass

literature

• Johann Kleenlof: Chronicle of Bützfleth . 1974 Self-published by the village of Bützfleth, p. 94 ff.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Topographic map 1: 25000, 2322 Stade Nord, as corrected 1979.
2. ↑ Homepage AOS Stade, section “About us” , last accessed on December 1, 2013.
3. ↑ bi-buetzfleth.de ( Memento of the original dated May 30, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . 

Coordinates: 53 ° 39 '  N , 9 ° 26'  E