BVG series D
| U-Bahn Berlin large profile series D / DL |
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 D57 train in the Schönleinstraße underground station for the 75th anniversary of the U8
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| Numbering: | 2000 / 2001-2228 / 2229¹ 2230 / 2231-2430 / 2431² |
| Number: | 115¹ + 101² |
| Manufacturer: | O&K , DWM, AEG , Siemens |
| Year of construction (s): | 1956-1965¹ 1965-1973² |
| Retirement: | 1999¹, 2004² |
| Axis formula : | B'B '+ B'B' |
| Type : | Large profile |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over coupling: | 31,700 mm |
| Length: | 15,500 mm (single wagon) |
| Height: | 4,250 mm |
| Width: | 2,650 mm |
| Trunnion Distance: | 9,500 mm |
| Bogie axle base: | 2,100 mm |
| Empty mass: | 47.8-49.9 t-1, 36.4 t-2 |
| Payload: | 74.4-76.6 t-1, 62.9 t-2 |
| Top speed: | 72 km / h |
| Hourly output : | 4 x 150 kW¹, 4 x 135 kW² |
| Wheel diameter: | 900 mm |
| Power system : | 750 V = |
| Power transmission: | Lateral power rail coated from below |
| Number of traction motors: | 4th |
| Drive: | Two-axis longitudinal drive |
| Brake: | Electro-pneumatic brake |
| Train control : | Magnetic travel lock |
| Coupling type: | Scharfenberg coupling |
| Seats: | 72 |
| Standing room: | 163 |
| Floor height: | 1,062¹ mm, 1,050 mm² |
| ¹ = D57, D60, D63, D65 ² = DL65, DL68, DL70 Data refer to double railcars |
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The subway vehicles of the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) of the D series are the first new developments in the post-war period for Berlin . They were necessary because the West Berlin subway large profile -Netz was extended and the pre-war vehicles should be replaced.
From 1956 to 1965 115 double multiple units (type D) were purchased, the car bodies of which were still made of steel. From 1965 to 1971, 101 units followed, the car bodies of which were built with aluminum components (type DL). While the vehicles of the steel construction series were shipped to North Korea in 1999 , the lightweight DL vehicles remained in use at BVG until 2004.
Due to the letter of the series designation "D", the trains were nicknamed "Dora", or "Stahl-Dora" for the older models.
development
Use in West Berlin
All cars were powered, there were no more sidecars. Each car had a driver's cab. Two cars were closely coupled so that a unit of two cars was ready for use. Three units could be coupled together using the automatic Scharfenberg couplings at the outer ends .
In the beginning, the trains ran as 6-car trains during rush hour, as 4-car trains in daytime traffic (normal traffic time) and as 2-car trains in the evenings and on Sunday mornings (off- peak hours ). On line 6 / U6 (Tegel – Tempelhof – Alt-Mariendorf) only 4-car trains could be used because the platforms in the eastern part of the city were only designed to be 80 meters long. Here the trains drove in rush hour traffic every 2½ minutes, today only every 5 minutes. The very quiet drives of the vehicles generated a very high starting acceleration. This had to be reduced slightly. The doors also closed quickly, but in two steps so that you couldn't get trapped immediately. Since every subway station had train handlers and the departure signal issued by them was recognizable as a light on the exit signal from the driver's seat, the stopping times could be kept very short. Average speeds of over 30 km / h were achieved.
From 1965, the car bodies of the trains built from then on were made of lightweight aluminum (type DL). The weight could be reduced by 26 percent. Even smaller engines could be installed. From 1981 on, the chrome trim strips were removed from both types during the main inspections due to rust damage.
Sale to East Berlin
Since at the end of the 1980s the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVB) in the eastern part of the then still divided city needed more trains for their new line to Hönow , they bought 50 type D57 cars (car numbers 2002-2019 and 2022-2053) from the BVG in spring 1988 . In 1989, 48 D60 cars followed (car numbers 2060–2071, 2074/2075, 2078–2099 and 2102–2113). At BVB they were called DI (wagon numbers 110 300 to 110 401, with gaps). The engine output was throttled and the magnetic travel lock devices were expanded. They got the then current East Berlin paintwork in ivory (sides) and chrome yellow (fronts and doors) and the optical / acoustic door-closing warning device, which was still unusual at the BVG. The conversions were carried out at BVG, in March 1988 the first vehicles were transferred to BVB with the units 110 326/327 (ex 2030/2031) and 110 306/307 (ex 2008/2009).
reunion
At the end of November 1990, the double multiple units 110 386 to 110 397 (or 2096-2099 and 2102-2109) were returned to the BVG.
Class D railcars at Wilmersdorfer Strasse underground station , 1986
D-car (left) in BVB livery meets an electric-car (right) in regular service at the Wuhletal station
Class D double multiple unit in east livery in the Hönow parking area, with an EIII behind it , 1991
2000/2001 double multiple unit (type D) with decorative strips in the Friedrichsfelde workshop, 2002
Passenger compartment of a DL car with "vandalism-resistant" seat covers of more recent date
Whereabouts
Sale to North Korea
In 1999 the BVG sold a total of 108 double railcars of the West Berlin class D from the years 1957-1965 to a rail vehicle company for almost three million DM. The trains then went to North Korea to the Pyongyang Metro . The trains were given a new red and cream paint job, and all advertisements were removed. It is used on both subway lines in the North Korean capital. Portraits of the guides Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il are hung on the ends of the carriages above the passage doors.
In 1996, 60 East Berlin small-profile double railcars of the GI and GII series reached North Korea.
North Korea's leadership is now having old D-cars renovated, which means that old trains are given a completely new look.
Delivery to companies and organizations
A few vehicles were handed over to third parties after they were retired from the BVG.
The DL68 car 2260 was taken out of service in 2001 and later sold to a company in Hardenberg , the Netherlands , where it was installed on the company's premises. The railcar 2348, also a DL68, has been used by the Berlin police on their training grounds in Spandau as a training object since it was retired in 2005 .
The head section of the car 2200 (D65) is located in a commercial building on Müllerstrasse at the corner of Ungarnstrasse. The head section of the car 2442 was originally built for the driving simulator in the company school in Turmstrasse. The latter was housed for several years at the Berlin Historic Transport Preservation Association (DVN) in the Niederschönhausen depot, but has since been scrapped.
scrapping
The majority of the remaining vehicles of types D and DL were transferred to Rockensussra and Eberswalde for scrapping from 2002 onwards .
Museum vehicles
After the end of the line service, two D56 / D57 units last used as lubrication trains were kept available for museum passenger journeys (2000/2001 and 2020/2021), whereby the first-mentioned unit still has the original trim strips under the ribbon windows. The last special trip as a museum vehicle took place on August 18, 2012. From 2016, the vehicles were selected for renewed use in regular services and upgraded accordingly.
Work vehicles
Two other units are still on the network as auxiliary equipment trains for the workshops in Britz (4012/4013, formerly 2206/2207, type D65) and Seestrasse (4014/4015, formerly 2214/2215, type D65). The auxiliary equipment train of the Friedrichsfelde workshop (4016/4017, formerly 2182/2183, type D63) was scrapped in September 2017. As work vehicles, they were given an orange paint job in the course of the renovation, including some of the passenger windows.
In addition, there were two modernized DL68 units that were parked at the Friedrichsfelde depot (2246/2247) and the Britz depot (4028/4029, formerly 2340/2341) and have only been used as storage space since 2004. From the end of 2016, the Friedrichsfeld vehicle was again prepared for regular service as the third unit. The Britzer Zug was used as a training train for rescue workers and was scrapped in September 2017.
Again use in line operation
Due to the ongoing shortage of vehicles at BVG, cars from this series should be used again on the relatively little-used U55 line in Berlin's government district from spring 2017 . As the line currently has no connection with the rest of the subway network, a free exchange of the vehicles used there with those of the rest of the subway network is not possible.
The use of the "Doras" on the U55 is intended to enable the more modern trains of the F series , which previously ran on this route, to be used on connections with higher passenger volumes instead. Three double railcars of the D series were to be technically overhauled for use, but the interior should be kept true to the original.
In November 2016, the BVG presented the first reactivated unit. A total of three units are being overhauled at the Miraustraße (FWM) vehicle factory in Hennigsdorf for 1.9 million euros and adapted to the new safety requirements. The first renewed unit is the 2020/2021 type D double multiple unit, which operated from November 2, 2016 for measurement and load runs on the U5. Followed by the D-unit 2000/2001, since March 1, 2017, the resulting 4-car train has been used on passenger test drives outside of rush hour until 4 p.m. on the U5 and ran as special circuit 42 between Frankfurter Allee and Hönow. After the test drives on the U5 , the two D-cars were driven by low-loader to the U55 shaft north of the Hauptbahnhof underground station on March 24, 2017, where they were exchanged for F79 vehicles with the help of a truck-mounted crane, which were previously on the island route were in use.
The third unit 2246/2247 of the type DL68 was still being refurbished at FWM until November 2017 and was also installed on the U55 shaft north of the Hauptbahnhof underground station in Minna-Cauer-Straße on November 24, 2017 Truck crane on the track.
Until the completion of the U5 extension, the “Doras” will run on the short underground line in the government district between the main train station and the Brandenburg Gate and will then be back in the BVG's historic fleet.
literature
- Martin Pabst: U- and S-Bahn vehicles in Germany . GeraMond, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-932785-18-5
swell
- ↑ State of the construction of the north-south railway
- ↑ The Doras. The Bahninfo vehicle portrait on the farewell of the D series at bahninfo.de, accessed on February 25, 2017
- ^ Ulrich Lemke, Uwe Poppel: Berlin U-Bahn . 3. Edition. Alba, Düsseldorf 1992, ISBN 3-87094-346-7 , pp. 116 f .
- ↑ a b printed matter 18/13782. (PDF) Berlin House of Representatives, April 3, 2018, accessed on April 19, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e f The last "Doras" in Berlin . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 1 , 2018, p. 9 .
- ↑ News in brief - U-Bahn . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 12 , 2018, p. 239 .
- ^ Chronicle of the vehicles type D and DL. Berlin traffic pages, accessed on March 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Vehicle fleet list on www.tram-info.de. Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Too few underground trains in Berlin: BVG brings back vintage cars , Berliner Morgenpost
- ↑ BVG relies on classic cars. Der Tagesspiegel, November 3, 2016, accessed on November 3, 2016 .
- ↑ News in brief - U-Bahn . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 1 , 2018, p. 13 .
- ↑ News in brief - U-Bahn . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 12 , 2016, p. 241 .
