Small fat leaf

Small fat leaf
	Small fat leaf
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Genre :	Fat leaves ( bacopa )
Type :	Small fat leaf
Scientific name
	Bacopa monnieri
	( L. ) Pennell

The Small Fettblatt ( Bacopa monnieri ), often sold under the name Indian Brahmi find is a species of the genus Bacopa ( Bacopa ) in the family of Plantain Family (Plantaginaceae). The plant got its botanical name after the botanist Le Monnier .

description

The small fat leaf is a hairless, herbaceous plant of several years . The mostly glandless stem of this marsh plant grows upright or usually creeping. The oppositely arranged, sessile leaves are slightly succulent , simple, narrow, obovate to spatulate. They are 10 to 20 mm long and 5 to 8 mm wide. The leaf margin is entire, the tip is rounded, the base is wedge-shaped. The surface is dotted with glands, the main leaf vein is clearly visible, but the two to four secondary veins are indistinct. The leaf stalks are undifferentiated and are stuck together by the leaf blade.

blossom

The flowers stand individually in the leaf axils on slender flower stalks that thicken towards the flower. The stems of the fruits are 1 to 2 cm long. Below the flower are two sepal-like, narrow, laterally directed bracts . The hermaphrodite flower is 7 to 9 mm long. The five sepals overlap like roof tiles. The two outer sepals are of the same shape, broadly ovate, triangular and 5 mm long and 2 to 3 mm wide and clearly keeled. The inner three sepals are irregularly shaped, they can be both longer and shorter than the outer sepals. The four or five petals are fused tubular, 8 mm long and hairless. The white, pale purple or blue petals stand free from each other for a third to a quarter of the length, the corolla lobes that are created are somewhat unevenly shaped. The four free, fertile stamens have hairless stamens that start irregularly near the upper edge of the corolla tube. The anthers are 1.5 mm long, are only slightly above the crown, are black, linear or curved, and the theca are free and are only connected to one another near the middle. Two carpels are a top permanent ovary deformed, the narrow elongated, about 4 mm long, rotating round and is bent at the top to bottom. The stylus ends in a flat and slightly bilobed scar .

The capsule fruit , which pops up with crevices and septum clefts, has a length of 4 to 4.5 mm and a width of about 3.5 mm. The seed compartments separate at the base, the placenta is narrow, plug-like and dotted with pits, the septum is translucent, paper-like and protrudes over the placenta by about 0.75 mm on each side. The many seeds are about 0.5 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68.

Small fat leaf ( Bacopa monnieri )

Occurrence

The small fatty leaf is one of the most widespread species of the genus of fatty leaves ( Bacopa ). It is found in tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia, China, Taiwan, Australia, Mexico, and the southern United States, the Caribbean, Central and South America. It is often found in the mud on the edge of standing water, also tolerates brackish water, and can also be found near the sea.

Key ingredients and pharmacology

The small fatty leaf contains a number of medicinally useful ingredients that are found primarily in the leaves of the plant. These include, above all, various flavonoids (including luteolin and apigenin ), saponins (bacoside A and B), phytosterols and triterpenes . In addition, some effective alkaloids have historically been described, including "Brahmin", which was described by Bose in 1931 and was said to be similar to strychnine in its effects in animal experiments and in medical applications .

swell

Description in the Western Australian Flora. (English)
WG D'Arcy: Part IX. Family 171. Scrophulariaceae . In: Flora of Panama, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . tape 66 , no. 2 , 1979, p. 173-274 , doi : 10.2307 / 2398908 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
C. Stough, J. Lloyd, J. Clarke, LA Downey, CW Hutchison, T. Rodgers, PJ Nathan: The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects . In: Psychopharmacology . tape 156 , no. 4 , 2001, p. 481-484 , doi : 10.1007 / s002130100815 , PMID 11498727 .

literature

Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 145

Web links

Commons : Kleines Fettblatt - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Bacopa monnieri inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Lansdown, RV, Knees, SG & Patzelt, A., 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2014.

Individual evidence

↑ Bacopa monnieri at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ Bacopa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
^ RN Chopra, IC Chopra: Indigenous Drugs Of India . Academic Publishers, Kolkata 2006, ISBN 81-85086-80-X , pp. 341 ( books.google.com - first edition: 1933).

[IPCN-1] Bacopa monnieri at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[GRIN-2] Bacopa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 17, 2017.

[3] RN Chopra, IC Chopra: Indigenous Drugs Of India . Academic Publishers, Kolkata 2006, ISBN 81-85086-80-X , pp. 341 ( books.google.com - first edition: 1933).