Bahnhofplatz (Mainz)
The Bahnhofplatz of Mainz Central Station is an important place in terms of urban planning and urban history in Mainz-Neustadt . The square is designated as a monument zone and the buildings that contain and adjoin it are designated as cultural monuments .
history
The square was built parallel to the construction of the new Mainz “Centralbahnhof”, which is now called “Mainz Hauptbahnhof”, and opened to traffic in 1884. Before that, in 1873, Eduard Kreyssig submitted the first plans to reorganize the railroad in Mainz. After the contract with the Hessian Ludwig Railway was signed a year later , the construction of the Mainz railway tunnel began in 1876 . In 1875 a plan for the area between Kaiserstraße and the Rhine was approved for the first time . The area in front of Mainz main station was not yet taken into account in it. The space was only taken into account in the planning after the construction of the new Mainz main station and the approaching streets began in 1882. After completion of the square, there were rails for the horse-drawn tram directly in front of the main entrance . There was also a meadow with trees and flowers, cabs and hotel buses .
During the Second World War , the station square was badly damaged by aerial bombs . Overall, the Mainz Railway Directorate determined damage of 180 million Reichsmarks for Mainz Central Station. In 1947 the restoration of the square began.
Today the square is used as a sales area for snacks , as an outdoor area for several restaurants, as a usable area for the federal police in the station building and for bicycle parking facilities . In addition, the traffic of the Mainz tram vehicles, which initially operated directly on the station square, was shifted to an additional combination station in front of the station square from buses of the Mainz transport company with the trams.
architecture
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The Bahnhofplatz is located in front of the main facade of the main station building of Mainz Central Station. It was built in a semicircle. Alicenstrasse, Bahnhofstrasse , Schottstrasse and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring run towards it in a star shape . Since Mainz Neustadt was planned as a new, modern, urban district at the end of the 19th century, the station building and the adjacent station square were to be built as a representative entrance gate to Mainz. In the middle of the square, a round of flowers was built, and three large avenues led away from the square : Alicenstrasse, Schottstrasse and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring. The round of flowers was removed in the near future and replaced by a row of trees at the transition from the station square to the rest of the station area. The houses between the avenue junctions were converted into large hotels and restaurants, some of which still exist today.
In 1883 the then "Rheinische Bierhalle" was built between the confluences of Alicenstrasse and Bahnhofstrasse. In the same year, a residential and commercial building was built for the Mainz Aktien-Bierbrauerei right next to it . This building was built between Schottstrasse and Bahnhofstrasse. It had the architectural peculiarity that its facade consisted of three major axes . In 1885 this building in Bahnhofstrasse was doubled by the same length, the building materials and architectural accents were carried on from the original building. The building has arches on the ground floor and a few pilasters that protrude further up. At the beginning of its use, there was a bel étage above the pilasters . This had a central balcony and many crowns of the gable . There was also an elaborately decorated mezzanine and an eaves area adorned with many decorations . In addition, the building has a mansard roof and superstructures.
A house for Ludwig Wilhelm Pfeil was built in 1887 at the current address, Bahnhofplatz 8. At that time, Pfeil was working for the Grand Ducal Hessian State Railways . The building was built between Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring and Bonifaziusstraße. It was originally with a mansard roof and many crowning of bay windows built. Later the building was raised and a flat roof was erected . The material it was built from was sandstone . The last occupant of this building was the Central Hotel, which reopened as the AC Hotel on June 1, 2017 after a long vacancy .
From 1892 to 1893 a train station hotel was built between Schottstrasse and Bonifaziusstrasse. Today, however, only the hotel section in Schottstrasse has been preserved. Then the Nassauer Hof , Rheingauer Hof hotels in Schottstraße and the Mainzer Hof hotels , the Pfeil and Continental hotels and the Taunus-Hotel opened in the Bahnhofstraße .
As part of the last station renovation, the station square was also redesigned so that a clear visual separation of the square and traffic areas can now be seen. The station square has a common shape for urban planning in the 19th century, its characteristic appearance as a representative gate to the city has been preserved to this day.
See also
literature
- Angela Schumacher, Ewald Wegner (editor): Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 2.1: City of Mainz. City expansions in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1986: pp. 48-50. ISBN 3-590-31032-4
Web links
- Informational directory of the cultural monuments of the district-free city of Mainz (PDF; 1.6 MB) published by the General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Angela Schumacher, Ewald Wegner (editor): Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 2.1: City of Mainz. City expansions in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1986: pp. 48-50. ISBN 3-590-31032-4
- ↑ a b c Historisches Mainz: The main station on the website of the city of Mainz
Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 5.9 ″ N , 8 ° 15 ′ 34.1 ″ E