Baltic 1 offshore wind farm

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Offshore wind farm "EnBW Baltic 1"
The EnBW Baltic 1 wind farm
The EnBW Baltic 1 wind farm
location
Baltic 1 offshore wind farm (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
Baltic 1 offshore wind farm
Coordinates 54 ° 36 ′ 50 "  N , 12 ° 40 ′ 0"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 36 ′ 50 "  N , 12 ° 40 ′ 0"  E
country Germany ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania )
Waters Baltic Sea
Data
Type Offshore wind farm
Primary energy Wind energy
power 48.3 MW (electric)
owner EnBW AG
operator EnBW
Project start 1997
Start of operations May 2, 2011
turbine 21 × Siemens SWT-2.3-93
Energy fed in 2012 (forecast) 185 GWh
Website EnBW AG: EnBW Baltic 1
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EnBW Baltic 1 is the name of the first German commercial offshore wind farm in the Baltic Sea . It is located 16 kilometers off the coast of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania , north of the Fischland-Darß-Zingst peninsula within the 12 nautical mile zone . The wind farm was officially put into operation on May 2, 2011 and consists of 21  wind turbines and a transformer platform .

The wind farm is operated by the energy supply company EnBW . The grid operator 50Hertz Offshore provides the grid connection .

history

The first project planning began in 1997. The environmental impact studies , a spatial planning procedure and the approval procedure according to the Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) were carried out. On February 22, 2005, the regional planning procedure concluded with a positive regional planning assessment of the overall project. In May 2005, the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania identified the project area as being particularly suitable for the use of wind energy; On March 31, 2006, the federal government granted the BImSchG approval for the wind farm. From March to September 2010, all 21  wind turbines and the transformer platform were built.

The transformer platform has been connected to the mainland via a submarine cable since the beginning of 2011 and on April 3, 2011 it fed the first kilowatt hour of electricity into the grid. The commissioning ceremony took place on May 2, 2011 by Chancellor Angela Merkel . From September 17 to October 15, 2011, all systems were at a standstill because a tug had rammed the transformer station and its functionality had to be checked.

technical structure

The EnBW Baltic 1 transformer platform
In the EnBW Baltic 1 wind farm

The wind farm has 21 individual wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 48.3  MW and a transformer platform that transforms the voltage from 33 kV to 150 kV for onshore transmission. The wind turbines are of the type SWT 2.3-93 from Siemens Windenergie with an electrical output of 2.3 MW each.

The installation ship Sea Power installed the wind turbines in August 2010. The turbines have a hub height of 67 m above the water and a rotor diameter of 93 m. The existing water depth is between 16 m and 19 m, the mean wind speed around 9 m / s. So-called monopiles serve as the foundation for the wind turbines . The approximately 37 m long steel foundations were rammed into the seabed by the installation ship Seaworker with around 3000 rams each.

The area of ​​the wind farm has the shape of a triangle with a size of approx. Seven square kilometers. The corner coordinates of the wind farm area in the WGS-84 system are:

The electrical energy is carried to the Bentwisch substation near Rostock via a 77 km long three-phase alternating current line . 61 kilometers of it lie as submarine cables in the Baltic Sea. The cable has a cross-section of 1200 mm² copper, a weight of 105 kg / m and a diameter of 30 cm. The insulation is made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE).

Costs and benefits

The company estimated the costs for the EnBW Baltic 1 wind farm at 200 million euros. With a peak output of 48.3 megawatts specified by EnBW, this results in specific investment costs of 4140 euros / kW. The European Investment Bank (EIB) , KfW IPEX-Bank , Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) and the Dutch NIBC Bank granted a loan totaling 138 million euros for the project at the end of 2011.

The forecast annual energy yield of the wind farm of around 185 gigawatt hours corresponds to the energy requirements of around 50,000 households, which means that 167,000 tons of CO 2 can be saved per year . That would correspond to a utilization of 3830 full load hours per year or about 44%. After the first full year of operation, EnBW announced that the electricity yield was around 20% above expectations.

criticism

Environmentalists feared effects on bird migration . Risks for shipping were feared due to the proximity to the busy Kadetrinne waterway . Representatives of the communities on the Darß feared that the wind farm could deter vacationers. So far, however, the fears have not been confirmed. Studies show a high level of acceptance of wind farms among vacationers. They also hold out the prospect that wind farms could establish themselves in the medium term as 'nature refuges', as a retreat for threatened species.

See also

literature

Web links

References and footnotes

  1. Start of construction for offshore wind farm "Baltic 1". In: welt.de . July 9, 2009, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  2. http://www.enbw.com/content/de/windkraft_offshore/baltic1/bautagebuch
  3. Angela Merkel : Speech by Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel on the occasion of the official commissioning of the offshore wind farm EnBW Baltic 1st Federal Government , accessed on May 2, 2011 .
  4. Merkel inaugurates wind farm. Baltic 1 on the network. n-tv , accessed May 2, 2011 .
  5. EnBW : Commissioning of the Baltic 1 offshore wind farm of EnBW Energie-Baden-Württemberg on YouTube , May 4, 2011.
  6. Ostsee Zeitung: Long break clouded the balance sheet of wind farm Baltic 1, December 23, 2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ostsee-zeitung.de  
  7. EnBW : EnBW Offshore Windpark Baltic 1 - creation / installation on YouTube , February 16, 2011.
  8. http://www.energie-experten.org/experte/meldung-verbindungen/news/endspurt-fuer-offshore-windpark-enbw-baltic-1-1370.html
  9. http://www.enbw.com/unternehmen/konzern/energieproduktion/neubau-und-projekte/enbw-baltic-1/technik.html
  10. 50Hertz Transmission : The grid connection for the first German offshore wind farm in the Baltic Sea EnBW Baltic 1 on YouTube , July 1, 2011.
  11. http://www.50hertz-offshore.net/de/file/100816_Baltic1_Infomappe.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.50hertz-offshore.net  
  12. http://m.faz.net/Rub594835B672714A1DB1A121534F010EE1/Doc~E0310FCFE0D774E56BDAF57F8EC1A9E05~ATpl~Epartner~Ssevenval~Scontent.xml
  13. http://www.co2-handel.de/article340_16225.html
  14. http://www.stromvergleich.de/stromnachrichten/5101-finanzierung-offshore-windpark-enbw-baltic-1-6-12-2011
  15. http://www.enbw.com/media/konzern/images/energieproduktion/baltic/eee_baltic1_8s_d_0413_lay1a.pdf
  16. 185000000000 Wh / 48300000 W = 3830 h. There are 8760 hours in a year.
  17. EnBW satisfied with the “Baltic 1” wind farm . In: Daily port report from January 3, 2013, p. 4
  18. Daniel Wetzel: Energy: EnBW ventures out to sea with wind farms. In: welt.de . May 13, 2008, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  19. http://www.abendblatt.de/wirtschaft/article1960430/Windbranche-will-mehr-Anlagen-auf-hoher-See-bauen.html
  20. Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated May 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.enbw.com
  21. http://www.offshore-wind.de/page/fileadmin/offshore/documents/Ppolitik_und_Wind/Tourismus/Cuxhaven/3c_Vogel.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.offshore-wind.de  
  22. Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.offshorewindenergy.org